应用逆转录聚合酶链反应直接检测草鱼出血病病鱼组织的研究

人工感染GCHV－861后，对处于潜伏期、发病期和恢复期等不同时期的草鱼内脏组织匀浆上清液进行逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）扩增，除恢复期的1条草鱼外，其余样品均得到特异扩增带，而对照组都没有，预示着RT－RCR技术对于草鱼出血病的早期诊断、防治及抗病有种具有重要意义。另外，对于显症出血病草鱼的肝、肾、脾、鳃、肌肉和肠道等组织器官进行检测，结果都为阳性，首次证实了GCHV存在于肝脏中，并对此作了进一步的讨论。

用逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测草鱼出血病病毒的研究

于1994年5月-1995年7月，根据已克隆的草鱼出血病病毒GCHV-861株cDNA的部分序列，设计合成了两对PCR引物，采用RT-PCR技术对GCHV-861及GCHV-873两病毒株的dsRNA进行扩增。结果表明，两对引物仅能特异地检测出GCHV-861病毒株核酸的存在，而不能对GCHV-873病毒株的核酸进行特异扩增，该方法最小可检测出0.1Pg纯化的GCHV-861病毒dsRNA;采用该方法对GCHV-861人工感染的草鱼和稀有鲫组织进行RT-PCR检测，不仅能检测到发病期显症病鱼中GCHV-8

中华双腔吸虫精子的超微结构

利用透射电镜技术，研究了中华双腔吸虫（Ｄｉｃｒｏｃｏｅｌｉｕｍ　ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｔａｎｇ， １９７８）的精子结构，探讨了它与其他复殖吸虫间的异同。结果表明：本种的成熟精于为细线状，共分为头部、中部和尾部，具两根并生的、结构为９＋１的轴丝。细胞核的致密程度有区域上的变化，细胞质较多，电子密度高，具一个线粒体，在单轴丝区域未观察到异常二联管及外周微管。

显著车轮虫无性繁殖生物学研究

显著车轮虫无性繁殖过程中,其新齿环在分裂前期发生于旧齿环和辐线环之间;由细线状圆环分节以覆瓦式排列,其数目常为旧环的一倍,少数个体有增多。随着虫体发育,新环依次长出齿钩、锥体、齿棘。旧环则依齿钩、齿棘、锥体、齿钩柄的顺序消失;口沟、伸缩泡均在分裂前期分裂,各自形成两个新的口沟、伸缩泡;新辐线在子体发育初或中期才发生于新齿环外缘,总数为旧辐线的一倍。该虫无性繁殖以24小时为一周期。分裂前期需0.5—1小时;分裂期需1—3分钟。幼虫生长发育期需1.5—3小时。成虫生长成熟期需20—22小时。无论幼虫、童虫和成

四倍化草鱼细胞株的获得、特性和移核实验的初步试探

本文报道经过35次再培养的草鱼尾鳍细胞,用秋水仙素诱导后约有71％左右细胞四倍化(染色体加倍)。经过6次再培养以后四倍化细胞上升到78％左右,建立了四倍化的草鱼细胞株,命名为GOC(4)。 本文还报道了把GCC(4)细胞(核)移植到草鱼及泥鳅的去核未受精卵内,有80％的草鱼卵发育到囊胚。在总数为342个泥鳅的移核卵中有5个发育到肌肉效应期,1个发育到心跳期。

Assessment of dry weight by monitoring changes in blood volume during hemodialysis using Crit-Line.

BACKGROUND: Routine assessment of dry weight in chronic hemodialysis patients relies primarily on clinical evaluation of patient fluid status. We evaluated whether measurement of postdialytic vascular refill could assist in the assessment of dry weight. METHODS: Twenty-eight chronic, stable hemodialysis patients were studied during routine treatment sessions using constant dialysate temperature and dialysate sodium concentration, and relative changes in blood volume were monitored using Crit-Line III monitors throughout this study. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 studies evaluated the time-dependence of vascular compartment refill after completion of hemodialysis. Phase 2 studies evaluated the relationships in patient subgroups between intradialytic changes in blood volume and the presence of postdialytic vascular compartment refill during that last 10 minutes of hemodialysis after stopping ultrafiltration. Phase 3 studies evaluated the extent of dry weight changes following the application of a protocol for blood volume reduction, postdialytic vascular compartment refill, and correlation with clinical evidence of intradialytic hypovolemia and/or postdialytic fatigue. Phase 3 included anywhere from three to five treatments. RESULTS: Phase 1 studies demonstrated that despite interpatient variability in the magnitude of postdialytic vascular compartment refill, when significant refill was evident, it always continued for at least 30 minutes. However, the majority of refill took place within 10 minutes postdialysis. Phase 2 studies identified 3 groups of patients: those who exhibited intradialytic reductions in blood volume but not postdialytic vascular compartment refill (group 1), those who exhibited intradialytic reductions in blood volume and postdialytic vascular compartment refill (group 2), and those whose blood volume did not change substantially during hemodialysis treatment (group 3). In phase 3 studies, use of an ultrafiltration protocol for blood volume reduction and monitoring of postdialytic vascular compartment refill combined with clinical assessment of hypovolemia and postdialytic fatigue demonstrated that patients often had a clinical dry weight assessment which was too low or too high. In all 28 patients studied, dry weight was either increased or decreased following use of this protocol. CONCLUSION: Determination of the extent of both intradialytic decreases in blood volume and postdialytic vascular compartment refill, combined with clinical assessment of intradialytic hypovolemia and postdialytic fatigue, can help assess patient dry weight and optimize volume status while reducing dialysis associated morbidity. The number of hospital admissions due to fluid overload may be reduced.

Identification and characterization of a novel gene differentially expressed in zebrafish cross-subfamily cloned embryos

m Background: Cross-species nuclear transfer has been shown to be a potent approach to retain the genetic viability of a certain species near extinction. However, most embryos produced by cross-species nuclear transfer were compromised because that they were unable to develop to later stages. Gene expression analysis of cross-species cloned embryos will yield new insights into the regulatory mechanisms involved in cross-species nuclear transfer and embryonic development. Results: A novel gene, K31, was identified as an up-regulated gene in fish cross-subfamily cloned embryos using SSH approach and RACE method. K31 complete cDNA sequence is 1106 base pairs (bp) in length, with a 342 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 113 amino acids (aa). Comparative analysis revealed no homologous known gene in zebrafish and other species database. K31 protein contains a putative transmembrane helix and five putative phosphorylation sites but without a signal peptide. Expression pattern analysis by real time RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) shows that it has the characteristics of constitutively expressed gene. Sub-cellular localization assay shows that K31 protein can not penetrate the nuclei. Interestingly, over-expression of K31 gene can cause lethality in the epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells in cell culture, which gave hint to the inefficient reprogramming events occurred in cloned embryos. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings indicated that K31 gene is a novel gene differentially expressed in fish cross-subfamily cloned embryos and over-expression of K31 gene can cause lethality of cultured fish cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the determination of novel genes involved in nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction of fish cross-subfamily cloned embryos.

alr0117, a two-component histidine kinase gene, is involved in heterocyst development in Anabaena sp PCC 7120

Anabaena sp. PCC; 7120 was mutagenized by transposon Tn5-1087b, generating a mutant whose heterocysts lack the envelope polysaccharide layer. The transposon was located between nucleotides 342 and 343 of alr0117, a 918 bp gene encoding a histidine kinase for a two-component regulatory system. Complementation of the mutant with a DNA fragment containing alr0117 and targeted inactivation of the gene confirmed that alr0117 is involved in heterocyst development. RT-PCR showed that alr0117 was constitutively expressed in the presence or absence of a combined-nitrogen source. hepA and patB, the two genes turned on during wild-type heterocyst development, were no longer activated in an alr0117-null mutant. The two-component signal transduction system involving alr0117 may control the formation of the envelope polysaccharide layer and certain late events essential to the function of heterocysts.

A detection method for grass carp hemorrhagic virus (GCHV) based on a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

A rapid, sensitive and highly specific detection method for grass carp hemorrhagic virus (GCHV) based on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed. Two pairs of PCR primers were synthesized according to the cloned cDNA sequences of the GCHV-861 strain. For each primer combination, only one specific major product was obtained when amplification was performed by using the genomic dsRNA of GCHV-861 strain. The lengths of their expected products were 320 and 223 bp, respectively. No products were obtained when nucleic acids other than GCHV-861 genomic RNA were used as RT-PCR templates. To assess the sensitivity of the method, dilutions of purified GCHV-861 dsRNA total genome (0.01 pg up to 1000 pg) were amplified and quantities of as little as 0.1 pg of purified dsRNA were detectable when the amplification product was analyzed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. This technique could detect GCHV-861 not only in infected cell culture fluids, but also in infected grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus with or without hemorrhagic symptoms. The results show that the RT-PCR amplification method is useful for the direct detection of GCHV.

适合于芯片集成的被动型铷原子频标

本发明公开了一种适合于芯片集成的被动型铷原子频标，包括量子系统、伺服电路、20MHz压控振荡器和第一2分频器;其中，量子系统由100MHz电离源、Rb87灯、Rb85滤光泡、谐振腔Rb87吸收泡以及光电检测电路构成;伺服电路由低噪声放大器、带通滤波器、缓冲器、模数转换器、控制器、数模转换器、比较器、锁相环电路、第二2分频器、DDS和混频器构成;其中锁相环电路包括342分频器、鉴频鉴相器、电荷泵、滤波器和6840MHz压控振荡器。利用本发明，极大的提高了被动型铷原子频标稳定性和相位噪声指标，降低了被动型铷原子频标的功耗，减小了被动型铷原子频标的重量和体积，便于被动型铷原子频标的芯片集成。

Effect of metal contact's reflection on the effective coupling coefficient of second-order DFB laser diodes

For a second-order DFB-LD, the presence of a metal contact layer can reduce I-st-order radiation. Part of the reflected power is redistributed into guided modes and results in a variation of the effective coupling coefficient kappa(eff). In this paper, we study the effect of the Au top contact's reflection on the kappa(eff) of 2(nd)-order DFB lasers. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Photoluminescence of Mg-doped GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Two Mg-doped GaN films with different doping concentrations were grown by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. Photoluminescence (PL) experiments were carried out to investigate the optical properties of these films. For highly Mg-doped GaN, the PL spectra at 10 K are composed of a blue luminescence (BL) band at 2.857 eV and two excitonic luminescence lines at 3.342 eV and 3.282 eV, in addition to a L2 phonon replica at 3.212 eV. The intensity of the L1 line decreases monotonously with an increase,in temperature. However, the intensity of the L2 line first slowly increases at first, and then decreases quickly with an increase in temperature. The two lines are attributed to bound excitonic emissions at extended defects. The BL band is most likely due to the transition from deep donor Mg-V-N complex to Mg shallow acceptor. From the temperature dependence of the luminescence peak intensity of the BL band, the activation energy of acceptor Mg was found to be 290 meV. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society.

In situ doping of 3C-SiC grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by LPCVD

The heteroepitaxial growth of n-type and p-type 3C-SiC on (0001) sapphire substrates has been performed with a supply of SiH4+C2H4+H-2 system by introducing ammonia (NH3) and diborane (B2H6) precursors, respectively, into gas mixtures. Intentionally incorporated nitrogen impurity levels were affected by changing the Si/C ratio within the growth reactor. As an acceptor, boron can be added uniformly into the growing 3C-SiC epilayers. Nitrogen-doped 3C-SiC epilayers were n-type conduction, and boron-doped epilayers were p-type and probably heavily compensated.

Self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots and quantum dot laser

Systematic study of molecular beam epitaxy-grown self-assembled In(Ga)As/GaAs, In-AlAs/AlGaAs/GaAs, and InAs/InAlAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) is demonstrated. By adjusting growth conditions, surprising alignment, preferential elongation, and pronounced sequential coalescence of dots under the specific condition are realized. Room-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) lasing at the wavelength of 960 nm with output power of 1 W is achieved from vertical coupled InAs/GaAs QDs ensemble. The RT threshold current density is 218 A/cm(2). An RT CW output power of 0.53 W ensures at least 3 000 h lasing (only drops 0.83 db). This is one of the best results ever reported.