Mécanismes de transfert de proton d’une réaction acido-basique en phase aqueuse : une étude ab-initio

Les réactions de transfert de proton se retrouvent abondamment dans la nature et sont des processus cruciaux dans plusieurs réactions chimiques et biologiques, qui se produisent souvent en milieu aqueux. Les mécanismes régissant ces échanges de protons sont complexes et encore mal compris, suscitant un intérêt des chercheurs en vue d’une meilleure compréhension fondamentale du processus de transfert. Le présent manuscrit présente une étude mécanistique portant sur une réaction de transfert de proton entre un acide (phénol fonctionnalisé) et une base (ion carboxylate) en phase aqueuse. Les résultats obtenus sont basés sur un grand nombre de simulations de dynamique moléculaire ab-initio réalisées pour des systèmes de type « donneur-pont-accepteur », où le pont se trouve à être une unique molécule d’eau, permettant ainsi l’élaboration d’un modèle cinétique détaillé pour le système étudié. La voie de transfert principalement observée est un processus ultra-rapide (moins d’une picoseconde) passant par la formation d’une structure de type « Eigen » (H9O4+) pour la molécule d’eau pontante, menant directement à la formation des produits. Une seconde structure de la molécule d’eau pontante est également observée, soit une configuration de type « Zündel » (H5O2+) impliquant l’accepteur de proton (l’ion carboxylate) qui semble agir comme un cul-de-sac pour la réaction de transfert de proton.

Growth, survival, gene expression, microbiota and tryptic activity during feeding of Scophthalmus maximus first feeding larvae with beta-glucan (MacroGard)

Reflecting the natural biology of mass spawning fish aquaculture production of fish larvae is often hampered by high and unpredictable mortality rates. The present study aimed to enhance larval performance and immunity via the oral administration of an immunomodulator, beta-glucan (MacroGard®) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) were incubated with or without yeast beta-1,3/1,6-glucan in form of MacroGard® at a concentration of 0.5 g/L. Rotifers were fed to first feeding turbot larvae once a day. From day 13 dph onwards all tanks were additionally fed untreated Artemia sp. nauplii (1 nauplius ml/L). Daily mortality was monitored and larvae were sampled at 11 and 24 dph for expression of 30 genes, trypsin activity and size measurements. Along with the feeding of beta-glucan daily mortality was significantly reduced by ca. 15% and an alteration of the larval microbiota was observed. At 11 dph gene expression of trypsin and chymotrypsin was elevated in the MacroGard® fed fish, which resulted in heightened tryptic enzyme activity. No effect on genes encoding antioxidative proteins was observed, whilst the immune response was clearly modulated by beta-glucan. At 11 dph complement component c3 was elevated whilst cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, toll like receptor 3 and heat shock protein 70 were not affected. At the later time point (24 dph) an anti-inflammatory effect in form of a down-regulation of hsp 70, tnf-alpha and il-1beta was observed. We conclude that the administration of beta-glucan induced an immunomodulatory response and could be used as an effective measure to increase survival in rearing of turbot.

Memoria anual acerca de las aguas hidro-acido-salino-ferruginoso-termales de Mula, provincia de Murcia /

Mode of access: Internet.

Perforation intestinale : affections consécutives graves, guérsison /

Mode of access: Internet.

Dissertatio medico-chymica, quâ demonstratur sanguinem humanum nullo acido vitiari : accedit appendix quâ inquiritur an equidem in primis viis contineatur acidum, ulterius considerantur remedia anti-acida, praecipue pulveres absorbentes de quorum tam usu salutari quàm abusu medicum instructum esse oportet /

Mode of access: Internet.

Tratado del xabon [sic] acido, o xabon [sic] sulfúrico de la nueva nomenclatura /

Mode of access: Internet.

L'aviazione: fondamenti sperimentali e teorici ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Ricerche Sperimentali

Mode of access: Internet.

A late Devonian (Frasnian) microbiota from the Farewell-Lyman Hills area, west-central Alaska /

Mode of access: Internet.

Coltivazione sperimentali promosse dal Ministero di agricoltura industria e commercio nell' ultimo decennio in confronto a sperienze precedenti, compiute in Italia nel corso di circa un secolo

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Studi sperimentali sull'afta epizootica, eseguiti nella R. Cascina di Poggio a Caiano (Firenze), Giugno 1915-Ottobre 1919 /

At head of title: Ministero dell'interno, Direzione generale della sanità pubblica, Commissione per gli studi e gli esperimenti di immunizzazione contro l'afta epizootica.

O acido salicylico e a questão dos vinhos portuguezes no Brazil em 1900

"Publicada em 1903 com o titulo L'Acide salicylique; Propriétés, recherche et dosage; De la presénce normale de l'acide salicylique dans le règne végétal; La question des vins portugais."

Wheat bran promotes enrichment within the human colonic microbiota of butyrate-producing bacteria that release ferulic acid

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge support from the Scottish Government Food Land and People programme (RESAS). We would like to thank Lorraine Scobbie and Gary Duncan for technical support. Funding for JP, AWW and 454 pyrosequencing was provided by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 098051).