Wieder eine brennende Lunte zwischen Bürger, Nationalgarde und akademische Legion: Zum größten Erstaunen hat Herr Latour in der heutigen Reichstagsversammlung vorgebracht ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Scharfe Zurückweisung der Behauptung des Kriegsministers Latour, in der Wiener Universität habe eine Versammlung mit dem Ziel stattgefunden, das Ministerium zu stürzen und den Reichstag zu sprengen: "Ich fordere daher Herrn Latour ... auf, seine nicht gar schmeichelhafte Aussage zu beweisen, und ... ein anderesmal mit mehr Vorsicht die Feuerlunten unter das Volk zu streuen"

Der neue Messias, oder wann kommt die vom Volke längst ersehnte Verfassung? Mit welchen gerechten Erwartungen blickte das Volk nach dem Erscheinen des Wahlgesetzes vom 8. April d. J. auf den Zeitpunkt hin ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Nach nunmehr einhundert Tagen, die seit der Konstituierung der Preußischen Nationalversammlung verstrichen sind, sollten sich die gewählten Volksvertreter endlich auf ihre eigentliche Aufgabe besinnen, dem Land eine freisinnige Verfassung zu geben. Vorwurf an das Ministerium Auerswald-Hansemann, es sei an der Ausarbeitung einer Verfassung überhaupt nicht interessiert und an die Nationalversammlung, sie wisse weder, was sie wolle, noch was sie solle: "Die Herren [der Nationalversammlung] sind alle der Meinung: sie sollen die Welt reformiren, und wissen noch gar nicht, daß sie nur zur Vereinbarung einer Verfassung ... berufen sind." Warnung, die Geduld des Volkes überzustrapazieren: " ... denn leicht möchten die Vertretenen eine kernigere Sprache führen als die Vertreter. Das Volk läßt sich nicht äffen, denn es ist souverän von nun an bis in Ewigkeit."

Den Vorurteilen im Gehirn auf der Spur

Wir sagen nicht immer, was wir denken: Gewisse Vorurteile verstecken wir gern, manchmal gar vor uns selber. Unbewusste Vorurteile werden aber mit Tests sichtbar, denn wir brauchen länger Zeit, wenn wir Unangenehmes mit positiven Begriffen assoziieren müssen. Berner Forschende zeigen nun, dass im Gehirn dafür nicht zusätzliche Prozesse verantwortlich sind, sondern einige davon einfach länger dauern.

Emerging roles for the double strand break repair protein 53BP1 in transcriptional regulation

Disruption of the mechanisms that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and apoptosis results in genomic instability and often leads to the development of cancer. In response to double stranded breaks (DSBs) as induced by ionizing radiation (IR), generated during DNA replication, or through immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements in T and B cells of lymphoid origin, the protein kinases ATM and ATR are central players that activate signaling pathways leading to DSB repair. p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) participates in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) where it is recruited to or near sites of DNA damage. In addition to its well established role in DSB repair, multiple lines of evidence implicate 53BP1 in transcription which stem from its initial discovery as a p53 binding protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. However, the mechanisms behind the role of 53BP1 in these processes are not well understood. ^ 53BP1 possesses several motifs that are likely important for its role in DSB repair including two BRCA1 C-terminal repeats, tandem Tudor domains, and a variety of phosphorylation sites. In addition to these motifs, we identified a glycine and arginine rich region (GAR) upstream of the Tudor domains, a sequence that is oftentimes serves as a site for protein arginine methylation. The focus of this project was to characterize the methylation of 53BP1 and to evaluate how methylation influenced the role of 53BP1 as a tumor suppressor. ^ Using a variety of biochemical techniques, we demonstrated that 53BP1 is methylated by the PRMT1 methyltransferase in vivo. Moreover, GAR methylation occurs on arginine residues in an asymmetric manner. We further show that sequences upstream of the Tudor domains that do not include the GAR stretch are sufficient for 53BP1 oligomerization in vivo. While investigating the role of arginine methylation in 53BP1 function, we discovered that 53BP1 associates with proteins of the general transcription apparatus as well as to other factors implicated in coordinating transcription with chromatin function. Collectively, these data support a role for 53BP1 in regulating transcription and provide insight into the possible mechanisms by which this occurs. ^

Pedogeomorphology, geochronology and paleobotany of soil profiles obtained in the Kyichu River catchment, sourthern Tibet

Results of pedogeomorphological, geochronological and paleobotanical investigations are presented covering the last ca. 4,000 years. The study sites are located in the heavily degraded Kyichu River catchment around Lhasa at 3,600-4,600 m a.s.l. Repeatedly, colluvial sediments have been recorded overlying paleosols. These deposits can be divided into i) coarse-grained sediments with a high proportion of stones and boulders originating from alluvial fans and debris flows, ii) matrix supported sediments with some stones and boulders originating from mudflows or combined colluvial processes such as hillwash plus rock fall, and iii) fine-grained sediments originating from hill wash. The IRSL multi-level dating of profile QUG 1 points to a short-time colluvial sedimentation between 1.0 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 ka. In contrast, dated paleosols of profile GAR 1 (7,908 ± 99 and 3,668 ± 57 BP) encompass a first colluvial episode. Here, the upper colluvial sedimentation took place during several periods between 2.6 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.1 ka. For the first time in Tibet, a systematic extraction, determination and dating of charcoals from buried paleosols was conducted. The charcoals confirm the Late Holocene presence of juniper forests or woodlands in a now treeless, barren environment. A pollen diagram from Lhasa shows a distinct decline of pollen of the Jumperus-type around 4,140 ± 50 BP, which is interpreted as indicating a clearing of forests on the adjacent slopes. It is assumed that the environmental changes from forests to desertic rangelands since ca. 4,000 BP have been at least reinforced by humans.

Stable isotope and Mg/Ca ratios of Paleogene benthic foraminifera in the western North Atlantic

Global cooling and the development of continental-scale Antarctic glaciation occurred in the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~38 to 28 million years ago), accompanied by deep-ocean reorganization attributed to gradual Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development. Our benthic foraminiferal stable isotope comparisons show that a large d13C offset developed between mid-depth (~600 meters) and deep (>1000 meters) western North Atlantic waters in the early Oligocene, indicating the development of intermediate-depth d13C and O2 minima closely linked in the modern ocean to northward incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water. At the same time, the ocean's coldest waters became restricted to south of the ACC, probably forming a bottom-ocean layer, as in the modern ocean. We show that the modern four-layer ocean structure (surface, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters) developed during the early Oligocene as a consequence of the ACC.

Methane in waters and bottom sediments of the North (Severnaya) Dvina mouth area in 2004-2006

The mouth area of the North (Severnaya) Dvina River is characterized by a high concentrations of methane in water (from 1.0 to 165.4 µl/l) and bottom sediments (from 14 to 65000 µl/kg), being quite comparable to productive mouth areas of rivers from the temperate zone. Maximum methane concentrations in water and sediments were registered in the delta in segments of channels and branches with low rates of tidal and runoff currents, where domestic and industrial wastewaters are supplied. In the riverine and marine water mixing zone with its upper boundary, locating far into the delta and moving depending on a phase of the tidal cycle, decrease of methane concentration with salinity increase was observed. The prevailing role in formation of the methane concentration level in water of the mouth area pertains to bottom sediments, which is indicated by close correlation between gas concentrations in these two media. Existence of periodicity in variations of methane concentration in river water downstream caused by tidal effects was found.