Efectos de la actividad física en pacientes con trastorno bipolar

La inquietud que me llevó a investigar este tema, es que hace 16 años que padezco este trastorno, el cual lo he podido sobrellevar con medicación, psicoterapia, control en la alimentación y actividad física. Buscando información en Internet no he encontrado mucho al respecto, por lo cual quiero encarar tal desafío basándome en las investigaciones que existen entre actividad física y efectos en el trastorno bipolar, como así también en mi experiencia personal

Efectos de la actividad física en pacientes con trastorno bipolar

La inquietud que me llevó a investigar este tema, es que hace 16 años que padezco este trastorno, el cual lo he podido sobrellevar con medicación, psicoterapia, control en la alimentación y actividad física. Buscando información en Internet no he encontrado mucho al respecto, por lo cual quiero encarar tal desafío basándome en las investigaciones que existen entre actividad física y efectos en el trastorno bipolar, como así también en mi experiencia personal

Temperature and time dependent threshold voltage characterization of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Relacionado con línea de investigación del GDS del ISOM ver http://www.isom.upm.es/dsemiconductores.php

Transmisión bipolar: la difusión de la arquitectura moderna latinoamericana en España (1949-1968)

En las décadas de 1950 y 1960, pese a las aparentes dificultades de comunicación con el exterior, la arquitectura española miró hacia fuera constantemente. La potencia de la arquitectura moderna latinoamericana, junto a las diferencias instrumentales y geográficas, la hacían difícilmente importable a un contexto materialmente escaso y excesivamente tradicional. Sin embargo, dicha producción interesó y se difundió notablemente durante ambas décadas. Este artículo pretende varias cosas a la vez. Por una parte, proporcionar una panorámica global sobre difusión de la arquitectura latinoamericana fuera de su continente. Para ello nos serviremos básicamente del que probablemente fue el medio más potente con el que contaron: las revistas especializadas de arquitectura. Pero también pretende ser una llamada de atención hacia las publicaciones periódicas españolas, mucho menos conocidas que otras europeas pero, sin embargo, repletas de buena arquitectura.

Three-terminal heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell for high-efficiency photovoltaic conversion

Here we propose, for the first time, a solar cell characterized by a semiconductor transistor structure (n/p/n or p/n/p) where the base-emitter junction is made of a high-bandgap semiconductor and the collector is made of a low-bandgap semiconductor. We calculate its detailed-balance efficiency limit and prove that it is the same one than that of a double-junction solar cell. The practical importance of this result relies on the simplicity of the structure that reduces the number of layers that are required to match the limiting efficiency of dual-junction solar cells without using tunnel junctions. The device naturally emerges as a three-terminal solar cell and can also be used as building block of multijunction solar cells with an increased number of junctions.

Bipolar localization of Bacillus subtilis topoisomerase IV, an enzyme required for chromosome segregation

In Bacillus subtilis, parE and parC were shown to be essential genes for the segregation of replicated chromosomes. Disruption of either one of these genes resulted in failure of the nucleoid to segregate. Purified ParE and ParC proteins reconstituted to form topoisomerase IV (topo IV), which was highly proficient for ATP-dependent superhelical DNA relaxation and decatenation of interlocked DNA networks. By immunofluorescence microscopy and by directly visualizing fluorescence by using green fluorescence protein fusions, we determined that ParC is localized at the poles of the bacteria in rapidly growing cultures. The bipolar localization of ParC required functional ParE, suggesting that topo IV activity is required for the localization. ParE was found to be distributed uniformly throughout the cell. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy showed that the GyrA and GyrB subunits of gyrase were associated with the nucleoid. Our results provide a physiologic distinction between DNA gyrase and topo IV. The subcellular localization of topo IV provides physical evidence that it may be part of the bacterial segregation machinery.

A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees

Bipolar mood disorder (BP) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by episodes of mania and depression. We designed a multistage study to detect all major loci predisposing to severe BP (termed BP-I) in two pedigrees drawn from the Central Valley of Costa Rica, where the population is largely descended from a few founders in the 16th–18th centuries. We considered only individuals with BP-I as affected and screened the genome for linkage with 473 microsatellite markers. We used a model for linkage analysis that incorporated a high phenocopy rate and a conservative estimate of penetrance. Our goal in this study was not to establish definitive linkage but rather to detect all regions possibly harboring major genes for BP-I in these pedigrees. To facilitate this aim, we evaluated the degree to which markers that were informative in our data set provided coverage of each genome region; we estimate that at least 94% of the genome has been covered, at a predesignated threshold determined through prior linkage simulation analyses. We report here the results of our genome screen for BP-I loci and indicate several regions that merit further study, including segments in 18q, 18p, and 11p, in which suggestive lod scores were observed for two or more contiguous markers. Isolated lod scores that exceeded our thresholds in one or both families also occurred on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 15, 16, and 17. Interesting regions highlighted in this genome screen will be followed up using linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods.

An alternative pathway for rod signals in the rodent retina: Rod photoreceptors, cone bipolar cells, and the localization of glutamate receptors

In the mammalian retina, extensive processing of spatiotemporal and chromatic information occurs. One key principle in signal transfer through the retina is parallel processing. Two of these parallel pathways are the ON- and OFF-channels transmitting light and dark signals. This dual system is created in the outer plexiform layer, the first relay station in retinal signal transfer. Photoreceptors release glutamate onto ON- and OFF-type bipolar cells, which are functionally distinguished by their postsynaptic expression of different types of glutamate receptors, namely ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. In the current concept, rod photoreceptors connect only to rod bipolar cells (ON-type) and cone photoreceptors connect only to cone bipolar cells (ON- and OFF-type). We have studied the distribution of (RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor subunits at the synapses in the outer plexiform layer of the rodent retina by immunoelectron microscopy and serial section reconstruction. We report a non-classical synaptic contact and an alternative pathway for rod signals in the retina. Rod photoreceptors made synaptic contact with putative OFF-cone bipolar cells that expressed the AMPA glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 on their dendrites. Thus, in the retina of mouse and rat, an alternative pathway for rod signals exists, where rod photoreceptors bypass the rod bipolar cell and directly excite OFF-cone bipolar cells through an ionotropic sign-conserving AMPA glutamate receptor.

cut11+: A Gene Required for Cell Cycle-dependent Spindle Pole Body Anchoring in the Nuclear Envelope and Bipolar Spindle Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The “cut” mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are defective in spindle formation and/or chromosome segregation, but they proceed through the cell cycle, resulting in lethality. Analysis of temperature-sensitive alleles of cut11+ suggests that this gene is required for the formation of a functional bipolar spindle. Defective spindle structure was revealed with fluorescent probes for tubulin and DNA. Three-dimensional reconstruction of mutant spindles by serial sectioning and electron microscopy showed that the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) either failed to complete normal duplication or were free floating in the nucleoplasm. Localization of Cut11p tagged with the green fluorescent protein showed punctate nuclear envelope staining throughout the cell cycle and SPBs staining from early prophase to mid anaphase. This SPB localization correlates with the time in the cell cycle when SPBs are inserted into the nuclear envelope. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the localization of Cut11p to mitotic SPBs and nuclear pore complexes. Cloning and sequencing showed that cut11+ encodes a novel protein with seven putative membrane-spanning domains and homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene NDC1. These data suggest that Cut11p associates with nuclear pore complexes and mitotic SPBs as an anchor in the nuclear envelope; this role is essential for mitosis.