Apprendre à composer sainement avec les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC): le soutien de l'entourage des jeunes dans ses fonctions d'accompagnement et d'éducation aux médias numériques

Essai critique de stage d'intervention présenté à la faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences (M. Sc.) en service social

Assessing the Social Acceptability of New Technologies: Gaps and Tensions Between Science and Regulation

Article

La transformation des enquêtes policières due à l’influence des technologies : perspective d’une unité policière spécialisée en analyse judiciaire informatique

La popularité des technologies de l’information et des communications entraîne l’augmentation de la preuve retrouvée sous forme numérique lors d’enquêtes policières. Les organisations policières doivent innover afin d’analyser, gérer et tirer profit de cette preuve numérique. En réponse, elles ont constitué des unités spécialisées en criminalité technologique et en analyse judiciaire informatique. La présente étude utilise les théories de l’innovation afin de déterminer comment l’évolution des technologies et des tendances en matière de criminalité technologique influencent les enquêtes et les organisations policières. Cette recherche vise à augmenter les connaissances sur ces unités spécialisées en quantifiant et en qualifiant leur travail quotidien. Avec la collaboration d’une unité policière canadienne spécialisée en analyse judiciaire informatique, une analyse détaillée des demandes d’expertise adressées à leur service a été effectuée. Les résultats indiquent une augmentation de la preuve numérique avec la prévalence de certaines formes de criminalité et de certains appareils électroniques. Les facteurs influençant le délai de traitement sont soulignés ainsi que les stratégies mises de l’avant afin de gérer efficacement l’accroissement des demandes de service. Finalement, des entrevues ont été menées avec certains membres de l’équipe afin de mettre en lumière les défis et les enjeux relatifs à l’implantation et au fonctionnement d’une telle unité. Les principaux enjeux soulevés concernent les environnements technologiques et juridiques, la formation du personnel, la gestion des ressources et les priorités organisationnelles.

Étude de l’immunité mucosale génitale chez des femmes béninoises hautement exposées au VIH-1 séronégatives (HESN) et séropositives.

Introduction : Aujourd’hui, 35,3 millions de personnes vivent avec le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH)-1 dans le monde ; l’Afrique subsaharienne concentre 70% des nouvelles infections et les femmes en représentent plus de la moitié. Le mode de transmission du VIH le plus répandu est par voie mucosale génitale suite à des relations sexuelles. Le tractus génital féminin (TGF) possède un milieu immunitaire complexe qui doit contrer l’invasion par des pathogènes tout en maintenant la tolérance/contrôle de la flore normale vaginale étant sous la pression de procréation sous influence des hormones sexuelles. De plus, les mécanismes favorisant ou prévenant l’infection du TGF par le VIH ne sont pas précisément identifiés. Hypothèse : Le contexte inflammatoire mucosal génital et la résultante de dialogues intercellulaires tel qu’entre les cellules épithéliales génitales (CEG) et les cellules dendritiques myéloïdes (mDC), qui sont des premières à rencontrer le virus aux portes d’entrée mucosales, modulent l’activité des lymphocytes qui est déterminante dans le type de réponse immunitaire élaborée par l’hôte. Méthodologie : Des spécimens provenant d’une cohorte de travailleuses du sexe (TS) recrutées à Cotonou au Bénin en Afrique subsaharienne ont été analysés. Nous avons caractérisé le milieu mucosal génital féminin hautement exposé au VIH de TS séronégatives (highly exposed seronegative; HESN) en comparaison avec celui de TS séropositives. Brièvement, les liquides cervicaux-vaginaux ont été déterminés par des techniques de multiplexes/Luminex ou par ELISA et le milieu cellulaire a été décrit suite à des analyses de cytométrie en flux (phénotypage et tri cellulaire). Résultats : Nous avons observé la présence augmentée d’un facteur soluble antiviral, immunomodulateur et antiprolifératif sécrété dans le TGF des TS HESN qui est l’interféron (IFN)-α. La présence augmentée de cette cytokine suggère l’existence possible de connexions intercellulaires clés qui pourraient mener à une régulation homéostatique du compartiment immunitaire génital permettant de contrôler l’infection par le VIH-1. En étudiant l’expression de molécules impliquées dans les voies de signalisation associées à la production d’IFN-α dans les CEG et les cellules myéloïdes du TGF, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’existence d’un microenvironnement présentant un profil «tolérogénique/régulateur» dans le TGF des TS HESN. Conclusion : Nos observations nous ont permis d’élucider certaines hypothèses sur un potentiel mécanisme d’immunité naturelle protecteur chez les TS HESN. De plus, nous sommes des premiers à décrire une population myéloïde présentant des caractéristiques de DC «tolérogéniques» de par leur expression d’interleukine (IL)-10, de human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G et de immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-4 dans le TGF de TS HESN. Cette étude aura des implications majeures dans le développement de stratégies d’interventions préventives afin de moduler des conditions inflammatoires préexistantes ainsi établissant une défense mucosale rapide et durable contre le VIH-1.

Le potentiel des technologies de l’information et des communications pour le renforcement de la résilience organisationnelle lors des opérations d’évacuation : é́tude de cas de la ville de New York

Lorsque les ouragans entrent en contact avec l'environnement bâti et naturel, les autorités publiques n'ont parfois d'autre choix que de déclarer l'évacuation obligatoire de la population située en zone à risque. En raison de l'imprévisibilité du déroulement d'une catastrophe et des comportements humains, les opérations d'évacuation sont confrontées à une incertitude significative. Les expériences passées ont montré que les technologies de l'information et des communications (TIC) ont le potentiel d'améliorer l'état de l'art en gestion des évacuations. Malgré cette reconnaissance, les recherches empiriques sur ce sujet sont à ce jour limitées. La présente étude de cas de la ville de New York explore comment l'intégration des TIC dans la planification opérationnelle des organisations ayant des responsabilités en matière de transport peut améliorer leurs réponses aux événements et influencer le succès global du système de gestion des catastrophes. L'analyse est basée sur les informations recueillies au moyen d'entretiens semi-dirigés avec les organisations de transport et de gestion des catastrophes de la ville de New York ainsi qu’avec des experts du milieu universitaire. Les résultats mettent en lumière le potentiel des TIC pour la prise de décision en interne. Même s’il est largement reconnu que les TIC sont des moyens efficaces d'échanger de l'information en interne et entre les organisations, ces usages sont confrontés à certaines contraintes technologique, organisationnelle, structurelle et systémique. Cette observation a permis d'identifier les contraintes vécues dans les pratiques usuelles de gestion des systèmes urbains.

Élaboration d’un modèle de gestion de risques pour le transfert des technologies médicales dans le nouveau bâtiment du projet de modernisation au CHU Sainte-Justine.

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté de médecine en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences appliquées (M.Sc.A.) en génie biomédical, option génie clinique.

Analysis and Design of an Adaptive Polynomial Predistorter with the Loop Delay Estimator

Most adaptive linearization circuits for the nonlinear amplifier have a feedback loop that returns the output signal oj'tne eunplifier to the lineurizer. The loop delay of the linearizer most be controlled precisely so that the convergence of the linearizer should be assured lot this Letter a delay control circuit is presented. It is a delay lock loop (ULL) with it modified early-lute gate and can he easily applied to a DSP implementation. The proposed DLL circuit is applied to an adaptive linearizer with the use of a polynomial predistorter, and the simulalion for a 16-QAM signal is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed DLL eliminates the delay between the reference input signal and the delayed feedback signal of the linearizing circuit perfectly, so that the predistorter polynomial coefficients converge into the optimum value and a high degree of linearization is achieved

Development of Innovative Low Cost Larviculture Technologies of the Giant Fresh Water Prawn,Macrobrachium Rosenbergii(De Man)

School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Re-engineering and Re-defining University Libraries in the context of modern Information and Communication Technologies: a study with special reference to the University Libraries in Kerala

Information and communication technologies are the tools that underpin the emerging “Knowledge Society”. Exchange of information or knowledge between people and through networks of people has always taken place. But the ICT has radically changed the magnitude of this exchange, and thus factors such as timeliness of information and information dissemination patterns have become more important than ever.Since information and knowledge are so vital for the all round human development, libraries and institutions that manage these resources are indeed invaluable. So, the Library and Information Centres have a key role in the acquisition, processing, preservation and dissemination of information and knowledge. ln the modern context, library is providing service based on different types of documents such as manuscripts, printed, digital, etc. At the same time, acquisition, access, process, service etc. of these resources have become complicated now than ever before. The lCT made instrumental to extend libraries beyond the physical walls of a building and providing assistance in navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of knowledge with a variety of digital tools. Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being re-defined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats and from many sources.The research was conducted in the university libraries in Kerala State, India. lt was identified that even though the information resources are flooding world over and several technologies have emerged to manage the situation for providing effective services to its clientele, most of the university libraries in Kerala were unable to exploit these technologies at maximum level. Though the libraries have automated many of their functions, wide gap prevails between the possible services and provided services. There are many good examples world over in the application of lCTs in libraries for the maximization of services and many such libraries have adopted the principles of reengineering and re-defining as a management strategy. Hence this study was targeted to look into how effectively adopted the modern lCTs in our libraries for maximizing the efficiency of operations and services and whether the principles of re-engineering and- redefining can be applied towards this.Data‘ was collected from library users, viz; student as well as faculty users; library ,professionals and university librarians, using structured questionnaires. This has been .supplemented by-observation of working of the libraries, discussions and interviews with the different types of users and staff, review of literature, etc. Personal observation of the organization set up, management practices, functions, facilities, resources, utilization of information resources and facilities by the users, etc. of the university libraries in Kerala have been made. Statistical techniques like percentage, mean, weighted mean, standard deviation, correlation, trend analysis, etc. have been used to analyse data.All the libraries could exploit only a very few possibilities of modern lCTs and hence they could not achieve effective Universal Bibliographic Control and desired efficiency and effectiveness in services. Because of this, the users as well as professionals are dissatisfied. Functional effectiveness in acquisition, access and process of information resources in various formats, development and maintenance of OPAC and WebOPAC, digital document delivery to remote users, Web based clearing of library counter services and resources, development of full-text databases, digital libraries and institutional repositories, consortia based operations for e-journals and databases, user education and information literacy, professional development with stress on lCTs, network administration and website maintenance, marketing of information, etc. are major areas need special attention to improve the situation. Finance, knowledge level on ICTs among library staff, professional dynamism and leadership, vision and support of the administrators and policy makers, prevailing educational set up and social environment in the state, etc. are some of the major hurdles in reaping the maximum possibilities of lCTs by the university libraries in Kerala. The principles of Business Process Re-engineering are found suitable to effectively apply to re-structure and redefine the operations and service system of the libraries. Most of the conventional departments or divisions prevailing in the university libraries were functioning as watertight compartments and their existing management system was more rigid to adopt the principles of change management. Hence, a thorough re-structuring of the divisions was indicated. Consortia based activities and pooling and sharing of information resources was advocated to meet the varied needs of the users in the main campuses and off campuses of the universities, affiliated colleges and remote stations. A uniform staff policy similar to that prevailing in CSIR, DRDO, ISRO, etc. has been proposed by the study not only in the university libraries in kerala but for the entire country.Restructuring of Lis education,integrated and Planned development of school,college,research and public library systems,etc.were also justified for reaping maximum benefits of the modern ICTs.

Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Crosslayer,Channel Adaptive Approach Towards Performance Optimization

The proliferation of wireless sensor networks in a large spectrum of applications had been spurered by the rapid advances in MEMS(micro-electro mechanical systems )based sensor technology coupled with low power,Low cost digital signal processors and radio frequency circuits.A sensor network is composed of thousands of low cost and portable devices bearing large sensing computing and wireless communication capabilities. This large collection of tiny sensors can form a robust data computing and communication distributed system for automated information gathering and distributed sensing.The main attractive feature is that such a sensor network can be deployed in remote areas.Since the sensor node is battery powered,all the sensor nodes should collaborate together to form a fault tolerant network so as toprovide an efficient utilization of precious network resources like wireless channel,memory and battery capacity.The most crucial constraint is the energy consumption which has become the prime challenge for the design of long lived sensor nodes.

Speech sample estimation from composite zerocrossings and encoding via adaptive switching of transforms

This thesis investigates the potential use of zerocrossing information for speech sample estimation. It provides 21 new method tn) estimate speech samples using composite zerocrossings. A simple linear interpolation technique is developed for this purpose. By using this method the A/D converter can be avoided in a speech coder. The newly proposed zerocrossing sampling theory is supported with results of computer simulations using real speech data. The thesis also presents two methods for voiced/ unvoiced classification. One of these methods is based on a distance measure which is a function of short time zerocrossing rate and short time energy of the signal. The other one is based on the attractor dimension and entropy of the signal. Among these two methods the first one is simple and reguires only very few computations compared to the other. This method is used imtea later chapter to design an enhanced Adaptive Transform Coder. The later part of the thesis addresses a few problems in Adaptive Transform Coding and presents an improved ATC. Transform coefficient with maximum amplitude is considered as ‘side information’. This. enables more accurate tfiiz assignment enui step—size computation. A new bit reassignment scheme is also introduced in this work. Finally, sum ATC which applies switching between luiscrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform for voiced and unvoiced speech segments respectively is presented. Simulation results are provided to show the improved performance of the coder

Modified Block Adaptive Predictive Coder For Speech Processing

This thesis investigated the potential use of Linear Predictive Coding in speech communication applications. A Modified Block Adaptive Predictive Coder is developed, which reduces the computational burden and complexity without sacrificing the speech quality, as compared to the conventional adaptive predictive coding (APC) system. For this, changes in the evaluation methods have been evolved. This method is as different from the usual APC system in that the difference between the true and the predicted value is not transmitted. This allows the replacement of the high order predictor in the transmitter section of a predictive coding system, by a simple delay unit, which makes the transmitter quite simple. Also, the block length used in the processing of the speech signal is adjusted relative to the pitch period of the signal being processed rather than choosing a constant length as hitherto done by other researchers. The efficiency of the newly proposed coder has been supported with results of computer simulation using real speech data. Three methods for voiced/unvoiced/silent/transition classification have been presented. The first one is based on energy, zerocrossing rate and the periodicity of the waveform. The second method uses normalised correlation coefficient as the main parameter, while the third method utilizes a pitch-dependent correlation factor. The third algorithm which gives the minimum error probability has been chosen in a later chapter to design the modified coder The thesis also presents a comparazive study beh-cm the autocorrelation and the covariance methods used in the evaluaiicn of the predictor parameters. It has been proved that the azztocorrelation method is superior to the covariance method with respect to the filter stabf-it)‘ and also in an SNR sense, though the increase in gain is only small. The Modified Block Adaptive Coder applies a switching from pitch precitzion to spectrum prediction when the speech segment changes from a voiced or transition region to an unvoiced region. The experiments cont;-:ted in coding, transmission and simulation, used speech samples from .\£=_‘ajr2_1a:r1 and English phrases. Proposal for a speaker reecgnifion syste: and a phoneme identification system has also been outlized towards the end of the thesis.

Channel Adaptive MAC Protocol with Traffic-Aware Distributed Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks-Some Performance Issues

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), neglecting the effects of varying channel quality can lead to an unnecessary wastage of precious battery resources and in turn can result in the rapid depletion of sensor energy and the partitioning of the network. Fairness is a critical issue when accessing a shared wireless channel and fair scheduling must be employed to provide the proper flow of information in a WSN. In this paper, we develop a channel adaptive MAC protocol with a traffic-aware dynamic power management algorithm for efficient packet scheduling and queuing in a sensor network, with time varying characteristics of the wireless channel also taken into consideration. The proposed protocol calculates a combined weight value based on the channel state and link quality. Then transmission is allowed only for those nodes with weights greater than a minimum quality threshold and nodes attempting to access the wireless medium with a low weight will be allowed to transmit only when their weight becomes high. This results in many poor quality nodes being deprived of transmission for a considerable amount of time. To avoid the buffer overflow and to achieve fairness for the poor quality nodes, we design a Load prediction algorithm. We also design a traffic aware dynamic power management scheme to minimize the energy consumption by continuously turning off the radio interface of all the unnecessary nodes that are not included in the routing path. By Simulation results, we show that our proposed protocol achieves a higher throughput and fairness besides reducing the delay

Web 2.0 Technologies for Education

Page 1. Web 2.0 Technologies for Education G. Santhosh Kumar Dept. Of Computer Science Cochin University Page 2. What is Internet? CUSAT is linked to this Web through 10 Mbps leased line connectivity Page 3. Size of the Web? GYWA = Sorted on Google, Yahoo!, Windows Live Search (Msn Search) and Ask YGWA = Sorted on Yahoo!, Google, Windows Live Search (Msn Search) and Ask www.worldwidewebsize.com Page 4. The Machine is Us/ing Us ■ http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=NLlGopyXT_g&feature=channel Page 5. ..