Redes sociales y negocios. La red de inversión del Banco de Barcelona en la economía catalana a mediados del siglo XIX

The appearance of the Banco de Barcelona involved the formation of an investment compact network between its directors. In this work we studied how this investment network grew within a larger one, the one formed by the major investors in Catalonia during the period 1815-1866, as well as the role played by the top executives of the Bank inside it. Our findings indicate that some of the directors of the Bank held a central position in the main Catalan investors" network. This important role guaranteed reliable information on the progress of businesses. This information not only favored the operations of the institution, but also allowed its directors to take investment decisions inside the network. Moreover, the Bank interconnects individuals who were associated with different investors" sectors, which made the institution coalesced around an investing core with different important influences and connections.

Notes fitocenologiques IV

En connexion avec un travail monographique sur la vallée de Ribes (Pyrénées orientales), l'auteur décrit huit associations nouvelles: Veronico (urticifoliae)-Betuletum, forêt acidophile et hygrophile propre aux versants très ombragés; Allio-Calamagrostietum arundinaceae, mégaphorbiée de l'alliance Calamagrostion; Bellardiochloo-Festucetum nigrescentis, pelouse' très acidophile peuplant les pentes rocheuses et chaudes de l'étage subalpin; Rhinantho (mediterranei)-Trisetetum flavescentis et Astrantio-Avenuletum pubescentis, prairies de fauche, la première ( al. Arrhenatherion') très étendue dans tout l'étage montagnard, la deuxième (al. Polygono-Trisetion) assez localisée dans le montagnard supérieur ; Gentianô' (luteae)-Trisetetum, type de prairie faisant le passage entre l'Arrhenatherion et le Mesobromion; et Swertio-Caricetum nigrae, bas marais d'haute montagne, silicicole mais pas nettement acidophile. Au sein de l'association Prunello-Sarothamnetum, l'auteur propose deux nouvelles sous-associations: buxetosum, la plus commune dans l'étage montagnard, et genistetosum purgantis, en contact avec le Genistion purgantis.

Proximity of excitatory synapses and astroglial gap junctions in layer IV of the mouse barrel cortex.

Neurons and astrocytes, the two major cell populations in the adult brain, are characterized by their own mode of intercellular communication--the synapses and the gap junctions (GJ), respectively. In addition, there is increasing evidence for dynamic and metabolic neuroglial interactions resulting in the modulation of synaptic transmission at the so-called "tripartite synapse". Based on this, we have investigated at the ultrastructural level how excitatory synapses (ES) and astroglial GJ are spatially distributed in layer IV of the barrel cortex of the adult mouse. We used specific antibodies for connexin (Cx) 30 and 43 to identify astroglial GJ, these two proteins are known to be present in the majority of astroglial GJ in the cerebral cortex. In electron-microscopic images, we measured the distance between two ES, between two GJ and between a GJ and its nearest ES. We found a ratio of two GJ per three ES in the hollow and septal areas. Taking into account the size of an astrocyte domain, the high density of GJ suggests the occurrence of reflexive type, i.e. GJ between processes of the same astrocyte. Interestingly, the distance between an ES and an astroglial GJ was found to be significantly lower than that between either two synapses or between two GJ. These observations indicate that the two modes of cell-to-cell communication are not randomly distributed in layer IV of the barrel cortex. Consequently, this feature may provide the morphological support for the recently reported functional interactions between neuronal circuits and astroglial networks.

National survey of noncommunicable diseases in Seychelles 2013‐2014 (Seychelles Heart Study IV) : main findings

The 2013 survey addressed the following objectives: Primary objectives : a) Distribution of health behaviors related to NCDs, particularly tobacco use, alcohol drinking, and physical activity ; b) Distribution of the main modifiable risk factors of NCDs, particularly blood pressure, adiposity markers, diabetes and blood lipids ; c) Rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia ; d) Comparison of findings in the survey 2013 with results in previous similar NCD surveys in 1989, 1994, 2004 ; e) Dietary patterns ; f) Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to NCDs and NCD risk factors. Secondary objectives : g) Assessment of indicators of quality of health (e.g. SF‐12) ; h) Assessment of psychological stress and relation with NCD ; i) Assessment of several indicators of frailty (e.g. handgrip strength test, chair strand test, functional limitations) ; j) Assessment of knowledge and level of agreement with current policies on tobacco control ; k) Use of public and private health care services, particularly for NCDs ; l) Exposure to advice on health behaviors given by health professionals at health care level ; m) Burden of chronic diseases not related to the main NCDs (e.g. musculoskeletal, mental health, etc) ; n) Screening of selected cancers ; o) Assessment of the kidney function ; p) Frequency of heart arrhythmias (one‐lead ECG) and heart murmurs (auscultation) ; q) Assessment of bone mineral density (ultrasound of calcaneus) ; r) Exposure of the population to mass media, particularly in relation to health programs, and use by the population of new communication technologies ; s) Assessment of a number of social variables and their association with the variables measured in the survey ; t) More generally, the survey provides broad information (medical, social, environment, etc) that can be useful for tailoring NCD prevention and control programs.

National Survey of Noncommunicable Diseases in Seychelles, 2013-2014 (Seychelles Heart Study IV) : methods and main findings

This report provides information on selected summary results of the National Survey of Noncommunicable Diseases in Seychelles in 2013‐2014 (Seychelles Heart Study IV). The survey is also referred shortly as the "2013 Survey" in this report. Overall crude results were reported in a comprehensive report in November 2014. Further detailed analyses and recommendations on particular topics will be performed separately.

Diabetes mellitus: la pandemia del siglo XXI

La diabetes mellitus (DM) constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública debido a su elevada prevalencia, al hecho de que puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad, sexo, clase social y área geográfica, a su elevada morbilidad y mortalidad y a su elevado coste sanitario. Tanto la DM tipo 1 (DM1) como la DM tipo 2 (DM2) cursan con hiperglucemia lo que puede originar complicaciones agudas hiperglucémicas e hipogucémicas, debido al tratamiento, y graves complicaciones crónicas macrovasculares y microvasculares, que pueden producir infarto de miocardio, accidente vascular...

Salvador Espriu y la literatura española del fin de siglo

El artículo aborda la relación de Salvador Espriu con la obra de algunos de los principales autores de la literatura española del fin de siglo ("Azorín", Pío Baroja, Antonio Machado, Miguel de Unamuno, Ramón del Valle-Inclán y Juan Ramón Jiménez). En la primera parte se precisa qué se entiende por fin de siglo, la nómina de autores a la que se circunscribe y porqué. La parte central de la exposición se subdivide a su vez en dos bloques: en el primero se expone el estado de la cuestión bibliográfica sobre el tema que nos ocupa y la relación de Espriu con la literatura española finisecular desde dos perspectivas: la del propio Espriu y sus contemporáneos y la de la crítica literaria. En el segundo bloque se analiza la relación de la obra de Espriu con cada uno de los autores seleccionados.

Diabetes mellitus: la pandemia del siglo XXI

La diabetes mellitus (DM) constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública debido a su elevada prevalencia, al hecho de que puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad, sexo, clase social y área geográfica, a su elevada morbilidad y mortalidad y a su elevado coste sanitario. Tanto la DM tipo 1 (DM1) como la DM tipo 2 (DM2) cursan con hiperglucemia lo que puede originar complicaciones agudas hiperglucémicas e hipogucémicas, debido al tratamiento, y graves complicaciones crónicas macrovasculares y microvasculares, que pueden producir infarto de miocardio, accidente vascular...

Nuevas series anuales de población de América Latina desde el siglo XIX hasta el 2000

El estudio de la población en América Latina es un tema central en la historiografía de la región, sin embargo, las distintas estimaciones existentes muestran importantes discrepancias para los siglos XIX y XX. A partir del contraste de distintas bases de datos, la principal contribución del artículo consiste en ofrecer nuevas series de población homogéneas para el conjunto de países de América Latina, junto a una detallada explicación de la obtención de los datos, así como un análisis de las discrepancias que las distintas fuentes muestran. Los países que aborda este trabajo son Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Ecuador, Haití, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela; a lo que se agrega la suma de todos ellos para obtener la población latinoamericana. Estas nuevas series pueden resultar de gran utilidad para reinterpretar la historia económica de América Latina en el largo plazo. The analysis of population levels in Latin America plays an important role in the regional historiography. The estimated series appeared until now offers huge discrepancies, therefore, we believe essential to provide homogeneous series for the 19th and the 20th centuries. In our work we shed new light on this issue, from an exhaustive study of the existing Latin American historical sources for the region. Along with a detailed explanation of the data collection, we also provide an analysis of the discrepancies and the accuracy of sources. The study offers data from 21 countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Ecuador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela. This new evidence can be a crucial information to revisit Latin American Economic History in the long run.

Illa gran i fecunds. 'Amphilaphés píeira nesos' (A.R. Arg.IV 982-1222)

Un episodio del retorno de los argonautas, en el Libro IV de Apolonio, inserta bruscamente un escenario homérico. Desde la isla de Eea, donde han sido purificados por Circe, son conducidos bajo la protección de Hera hasta Corcira -Esqueria en Odisea-, en una veloz travesía que ve sucederse sin riesgos los otrora peligrosos escollos de la ruta de Odiseo. La idea de hacer coincidir a los argonautas con los feacios homéricos aparece solo claramente en los poetas helenísticos. Calímaco parece haber dedicado especial atención a la escala feacia, en terminus similares -peso no idénticos- a los de Apolonio',y Filitas menciona unas hadas de Medea y Jason en el palacio de Alcinoa'. Testimonios anteriores asocian asimismo a Medea, Jason y sus hijos con Corcina...

De vegetatione notulae, IV

Descripció de tres associacions noves dels Betulo-Adenostyletea observades en els Pirineus Catalans: Valerlano-Aconitetum pyrenaici (calcícola, Serra de Cadí), Phyteumo-Chaerophylletum hirsuti (estatge montà, Ripollès) i Veratro-Salicetum bicoloris (comunitat arbustiva del Salicion pentandrae)

Qué puede aportar la educación bilingüe a la educación lingüística del Siglo XXI

This article is a reflection about the future which does not obviate all the knowledge acquired in nearly a hundred years time of research about bilingualism and bilingual education. In the first part, it considers the psycho-educational base where bilingualism lies on. In the second part, this article shows the possibilities and the limits of bilingual education in societies which are more and more diversified on linguistic terms. Finally, it reviews some of the guidelines about linguistic education both in Europe and in this country, while it points out some methods to promote the multilingual competence of students

Sinfonia IV E-dur

Osa III Andante myös partisellinä. Mukana sivut 21 ja 22 myös kokonaisina, skannattu valokopiosta.