648 resultados para Quimioterapia Intratecal
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
Estudo com familiares de pacientes com câncer de mama: abordando conhecimento sobre fatores de risco
Resumo:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with one million new cases confirmed each year. This study aimed at identifying the knowledge of patients? relatives concerning the risk factors (RF) for BC. It is a descriptive quantitative study carried out in the Chemotherapy Technical Division of a University Hospital in São Paulo state, Brazil, from September to October 2006. Only female (30) relatives were included due to the fact that BC is more frequent in females. The major RF cited were family history for BC 33.3% (10), smoking 16.6% (5), alcoholic-drink consumption 10% (3), animal-fat-rich diet 3.3% (1). Other factors such as not breastfeeding, environmental factors, use of oral contraceptives and hormone-replacement therapy were mentioned by 10% (3) of the relatives. It was concluded that the relatives of patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment showed to have little knowledge concerning RF for BC. Hence, it is important to rethink the inclusion of the health education process in the family scenario. This issue reaches far beyond thesimple transmission of information. Healthcare professionals and nurses in particular, must focus on these individuals? social context, values, beliefs and needs.
Resumo:
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells with plasmocytoid or lymphocytoid appearance. The tumor presents several particularities, which have been the subject of numerous studies; however there still have investigations that need to be done. For example, a progressive increase of highly aggressive tumors with varying response to chemotherapy -including resistance- has been evidenced in recent years. There is scientific interest to understand these differences, allowing predicting possible clinical outcomes in affected dogs and increasingly searching adequate and individualized therapy. This review focuses on presenting possible implications of the expression of MDR-1 (P-glycoprotein), TP53, BCL-2, and BAX genes, regarding resistance to chemotherapy and/or the biologic behavior of TVT
Resumo:
The mast cell tumor (MCT) is the second most common type of tumor in dogs. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of mast cells in the skin. Treatment involves surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, new treatment protocols have been developed, such as the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With the increasing knowledge about the genome and the evolution of methods in molecular genetics, drugs with specific molecular targets are surely going to become promising therapeutic modalities in the near future. Besides being involved in the normal cell cycle, some studies suggest that tyrosine kinases have a fundamental role in neoplastic processes. Therefore, some strategies such as the development of antibodies anti-receptors for tyrosine kinases and small-molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors have been developed in an attempt to inhibit tumor development. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs.
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de instrução e de treino parental sobre comportamentos observados em cuidadores e em crianças com diagnóstico de câncer durante procedimento de punção venosa em ambulatório. Participaram nove cuidadores em três condições (Rotina, Manual e Treino). Fez-se análise de características familiares, estilo parental, efeitos de um manual de instruções e de treino parental, com sessões de observação direta do comportamento durante punção venosa. Os resultados apontam efeito positivo do manual para mudança de comportamento em curto prazo. Após treino parental, observou-se aumento nas taxas de monitoria positiva do cuidador, com relatos de generalização desses comportamentos para outros contextos. Discute-se a importância do estilo parental como fator de proteção à criança com câncer.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB
Resumo:
Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the estimated cost of clinical and surgical treatment for basl cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Methods: This was a pilot study of 12 patients with basal cell carcinoma receiving treatment with 5% imiquimod cream at the ocular plastic surgery center, medical school University of Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP, Brazil). The cost of clinical treatment was estimated based on the time of treatment and amount of medication consumed by patients in the home setting. The cost of surgical treatment was estimated by ophthalmologists with experience in reconstructive plastic surgery based on analysis of images of the same patients. Surgeons responded to a questionnaire with four questions about surgical technique, surgical materials required, estimated duration of surgery and type of anesthesia. Results: Immunotherapy lasted from 8 to 12 weeks. All patients reported each cold-stored sachet with 5% imiquimod cream lasted 3 days. According to the institution, a box with 12 sachets costs BRL 480.00. Patients required 1.58-3.11 boxes for complete treatment, corresponding to a total cost of BRL 758.40-1,492.80. Based on image analysis, surgeons evaluated surgery would require 1-3 hours. The estimated cost of surgery room and staff was BRL 263.00, to which the cost of supplies was added. Thus, the total cost of surgical treatment was BRL 272.61-864.82. On the average, immunotherapy was 57,64% more costly than surgical treatment. Conclusions: Malignant eyelid tumors are a common finding in clinical ophthalmology. Surgery is still the treatment of choice at our institution, but immunotherapy with 5% imiquimod cream may be indicated for patients with multiple lesions or high surgical risk and for patients declining surgery for reasons of fear or esthetic concerns. The ability to estimate costs related to the treatment of malignant eyelid tumors is an important aid in the financial planning of health care institutions. Further studies should evaluate the possibility of institutions equating the cost of immunotherapy and surgical treatment by acquiring similar but less expensive medications.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVES: Oral mucositis is a complication frequently associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, decreasing a patient’s quality of life and increasing the occurrence of opportunistic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of oral mucositis and to assess the correlation of this disease with the oral health of an individual at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Before transplantation, patients’ oral health and inflammatory conditions were determined using the gingival index and the plaque index, which are based on gingival bleeding and the presence of dental plaque, respectively. Additionally, the dental health status was determined using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. The monitoring of oral mucositis was based on the World Health Organization grading system and was performed for five periods: from Day 0 to D+5, from D+6 to D+10, from D+11 to D+15, from D+16 to D+20, and from D+21 to D+30. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients (56% male and 44% female) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo between January 2008 and July 2009 were prospectively examined. The incidence of ulcerative mucositis was highest from days +6 to +10 and from days +11 to +15 in the patients who underwent autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The data, including the dental plaque and periodontal status data, showed that these oral health factors were predictive of the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in a cohort of patients with similar conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Resumo:
Estudo de abordagem exploratória e descritiva que teve como objetivos: avaliar a rede venosa das mulheres com câncer cérvico uterino, no início e ao final do tratamento quimioterápico; analisar a ocorrência de flebite provocada pelas drogas utilizadas nos protocolos de quimioterapia neoadjuvante e adjuvante e relacionar os tipos de veia com os dispositivos mais utilizados, tempo de permanência e intercorrências. Utilizou-se um instrumento de avaliação da rede venosa para os membros superiores. Foram incluídas 20 mulheres atendidas em um hospital de ensino do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A avaliação da rede venosa demonstrou poucas alterações, e a intercorrência mais frequente foi o hematoma (60%). Os resultados deste estudo apontam para aspectos da prática de enfermagem relacionados à administração de quimioterápicos e ressaltam a necessidade de elaborar e implantar protocolos para o cuidado.
Resumo:
Background – Hair follicle tumours generally present as benign, solitary masses and have a good prognosis following surgical resection. Hypothesis/Objectives – This report describes a case of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog. Animal – A 2-year-old crossbred dog presented with multiple soft cutaneous periocular, perilabial, submandibular and nasal nodules, between 2 and 9 cm in diameter, located on the right side of the face. New nodules were observed on the same side of the face at a second consultation 3 weeks later. Methods – Surgical resection of all nodules was performed in two procedures. Three nodules were initially resected and submitted for histolopathology and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis was trichoblastoma for all three. At the time of the second consultation, new and remaining nodules were biopsied and the diagnosis of trichoblastoma confirmed. The dog was treated with doxorubicin and piroxicam for 30 days prior to the second surgical procedure in an attempt to reduce new tumour growth and the size of present tumours. All nodules were resected and the defects closed using rotation flaps. Results – No recurrence of the neoplasm was noted within 10 months after surgery. Conclusions and clinical importance – Trichoblastomas are generally benign but can present as multiple neoplasms that may require surgical resection and may respond to chemotherapy. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog.
Resumo:
Objetivo: Avaliar, por estudo prospectivo, a incidência de complicações relacionadas ao implante e uso de cateteres de longa permanência totalmente implantáveis (CLP) em crianças com câncer, comparando o implante por punção em veia subclávia (SCL) com o implante por punção em veia jugular interna (J). Método: estudo prospectivo com randomização da escolha da punção em veia subclávia ou veia jugular interna para o implante do cateter. Foram considerados como desfechos as complicações que levaram a retirada ou revisão do cateter. Resultados: 83 implantes foram randomizados no período de janeiro de 2004 a abril de 2006 e acompanhados até março de 2008. Dos 83 implantes selecionados 6 foram excluídos, permanecendo 43 pacientes no grupo SCL e 34 no grupo J. Não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos em relação à: distribuição por idade, sexo, número de leucócitos no implante, número de plaquetas, tipo de internação para cirurgia (ambulatorial ou não), se houve quimioterapia prévia ao implante e quanto ao tipo de cateter. Na avaliação das complicações se observou, incidência de infecção de 20% no grupo SCL e 11% no grupo J (p: 0,44), incidência de embolia de 23% no grupo SCL e 8% no grupo J (p: 0,11), e incidência de complicações total de 51% no grupo SCL e 23% no grupo J (p 0,02). A média do tempo de permanência do cateter foi de 12,6 meses para o grupo SCL e 14,8 para o grupo J (p: 0,38). A análise por regressão logística mostrou que o peso (p: 0,001) é um fator de risco envolvido com a infecção; e o peso (p: 0,020) e a marca do cateter (p: 0,03) são fatores de risco para embolia. Conclusões: há maior incidência de complicações tardias no grupo SCL. Os pacientes com menor peso tiveram risco maior de desenvolver infecção. Pacientes com menor peso e a marca do cateter são fatores de risco para a ocorrência de embolia do cateter
Resumo:
Se realizaron tres estudios cualitativos que tuvieron como propósito conocer las representaciones que ha construido la población general, los pacientes oncológicos y los profesionales de la salud, sobre el cáncer, la quimioterapia y el trasplante de médula ósea y realizar un análisis sobre las semejanzas y diferencias entre ellos. Se realizó en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia) con 55 personas: 20 pacientes con cáncer en proceso de trasplante de médula ósea, 20 personas no diagnosticadas con cáncer y 15 personas que trabajan en la atención de pacientes con cáncer. Se realizó una entrevista en profundidad con todos los participantes y asociaciones libres, clásicas y por sustitución sobre las palabras “cáncer”, “quimioterapia” y “trasplante de médula”. Los datos conseguidos se analizaron a la luz de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales (TRS). El análisis de la información siguió la técnica de análisis cualitativo de contenido para encontrar significados simbólicos y construir, denominar y definir categorías. Para los tres grupos el cáncer es una enfermedad terrible, que puede llevar a la muerte. El personal de salud y la población general creen que la enfermedad genera terror, angustia y miedo. Los pacientes tienen conciencia de la gravedad y del temor consecuente por una enfermedad que lo cambia todo, produce sufrimiento, dolor, obliga a depender de alguien y puede conducir a la muerte. El personal de salud considera que los pacientes lo pueden vivir como un castigo y la población general que puede ser la consecuencia de estilos de vida poco saludables. Para todos, la quimioterapia es un tratamiento para la enfermedad, que por un lado presenta efectos colaterales difíciles y visibles y que producen sentimientos negativos de temor y de angustia y al mismo tiempo constituye una opción y posibilidad de curación. El Trasplante de Médula Ósea representa para todos una oportunidad.
Resumo:
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general develar las representaciones sociales sobre la Medicina Popular en tres grupos poblacionales, pacientes oncológicos (n=100), familiares de los pacientes (n=25) y miembros del equipo de salud (n=26). Para ello, se realizaron tres estudios cualitativos con cada grupo poblacional y un cuarto en el que se describen las similitudes y las diferencias entre ellos en relación con el objeto de representación. En general, se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad, ejercicios de asociaciones libres y grupos focales (7 con 62 pacientes). Resultados: paciente oncológico: Medicina Popular representada como una salida optimista a la angustiante situación que está viviendo frente al cáncer; una apuesta a la vida. Para la familia: una contra capaz de mantener con vida y fortaleza al paciente y para el equipo de salud, una realidad incombatible de los pacientes y de la familia, que tiene efecto placebo sobre ellos y que está relacionada con el pensamiento mágico religioso, la fé y la ignorancia de quienes la realizan. En cuanto a las diferencias, el paciente y la familia consideran que la Medicina Popular es una alternativa en la que depositan su fé y confianza; el personal de salud no cree en sus efectos sobre el cáncer y la considera como estafa y engaño para el paciente. En las similitudes, todos coinciden en que es una alternativa, generadora de esperanza, basada en compuestos naturales que le permiten al paciente contribuir a la curación del cáncer y a sobrellevar el malestar provocado por la quimioterapia. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones generales, se discuten algunos de los hallazgos y la importancia de las RS de la Medicina Popular y su impacto sobre la atención y la calidad de vida del paciente y se plantean algunos interrogantes que podrían favorecer el desarrollo de una línea de investigación en el tema.