Documents des archives de la Chambre des Comptes de Navarre : 1196-1384 / publ. et annotés par Jean-Auguste Brutails

Collection : Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes-études ; 84

Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations.

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR<5%) age-specific effects, of which 11 had larger effects in younger (<50y) than in older adults (≥50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHRadjBMI, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHRadjBMI. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHRadjBMI. These results may provide further insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape.

L'énigme de la Vauderie de Lyon : enquête sur l'essor de la chasse aux sorcières entre France et Empire (1430-1480)

Le traité de sorcellerie connu sous le nom de Vauderye de Lyonois en brief n'a cessé d'intriguer les historiens. Sa description des agissements d'une secte de sorciers et de sorcières au service du diable le rattache indubitablement au puissant stéréotype du sabbat qui se construit dans la première moitié du XVe siècle. L'anonymat de son auteur, ainsi que la difficulté à établir les circonstances de sa rédaction, ont cependant contribué à reléguer ce texte énigmatique dans un angle mort de l'historiographie. À la lumière de nouvelles sources, le présent ouvrage entend restituer à la Vauderye de Lyonois toute son importance historique. Au-delà de l'édition critique, de la traduction et de l'analyse interne du texte, l'enquête offre un éclairage inédit sur les modalités d'émergence, de succès ou, a contrario, d'échec de la chasse aux sorcières dans la ville de Lyon, au temps de Charles VII. L'histoire retrouvée de la Vauderie de Lyon implique également une étude comparée des espaces frontaliers du royaume de France et de l'Empire (Dauphiné, Bourgogne, Savoie, Artois, Rhénanie) en fonction de leur sensibilité au péril sorcier. Se dessine ainsi un paysage politique où le nouveau mythe du sabbat, tout en se jouant apparemment des frontières, contribue aussi à mieux les définir.

Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels.

Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.

[Carte de couronnes du Nord] / [par son très humble et très obeissant serviteur, Guillaume Delisle].

Janamittakaavat: Lieues de Suede ; Lieues de d'Allemagne et de Danemarc ; Lieues commudes de Norvege ; Lieues marine.

Svecia et Norvegia cum confinijs

Oikeassa alakulmassa privilegiomerkintä: Per Gerardum Mercatorem cum privilegio.

Svecia et Norvegia cum confinijs

Oikeassa alakulmassa privilegiomerkintä: Per Gerardum Mercatorem cum privilegio.

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 6 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 3 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 4 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 2 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]