Não-preferência para oviposição e alimentação de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) por cultivares de amendoim.

This study aimed to select peanut cultivars resistant to Spodoptera frugiperda, selecting non-oviposition and non-feeding preference in choice and no-choice tests. Peanut cultivars with upright growth habit (IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 and IAC Tatu ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC 147, IAC 125, IAC Caiapo and IAC Runner 886) were evaluated. Tests of non-oviposition preference were conducted with newly emerged adults. Adults were fed a 10% honey solution, remaining in cages for 4 days until the start of the evaluations. The evaluations consisted of quantifying the number of eggs and egg masses, followed by calculating the number of eggs per egg mass. To perform non-feeding preference tests, leaf discs from different peanut cultivars were placed in disposable Petri dishes followed by releasing of a third-instar caterpillar for each cultivar. The attractiveness at 1, 5; 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1,440 minutes was evaluated by counting the caterpillars that were feeding on cultivars. The leaf area consumed was evaluated at the end of the experiment for each cultivar. In the tests of non-oviposition and non-feeding preference, with choice or no-choice, none of the cultivars of the upright growth and runner growth habit influenced the oviposition or food of S. frugiperda. Thus, the peanut cultivars showed no resistance of the non-feeding and non-oviposition types.

Application technology for the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn

O efeito de diversas tecnologias de aplicação foi avaliado sobre a concentração, viabilidade e eficácia dos juvenis infectantes dos nematóides Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David (IBCB-n5) e Steinernema sp. (IBCB-n6) no controle da lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda Smith na cultura do milho. Para o controle da lagarta-do-cartucho no terceiro estádio em placas de Petri foram necessários 280 juvenis infectantes de Steinernema sp., enquanto que 400 juvenis infectantes de H. indica controlaram apenas 75% das lagartas. Podem-se pulverizar os entomopatógenos, sem que haja perda significativa na sua concentração e viabilidade, com equipamentos que forneçam carga elétrica à calda, ponta centrífuga e pontas hidráulicas. Entretanto, o emprego de pulverizadores com pontas que requerem elementos filtrantes com malha igual a 100 resultou em decréscimo na concentração de juvenis infectantes de H. indica e Steinernema sp., de 28% e 53%, respectivamente. Os tensoativos organosiliconado e etoxilados não afetaram a viabilidade dos juvenis infectantes de Steinernema sp. Nos experimentos de pulverização em plantas de milho (V6) com Steinernema sp., doses equivalentes a até 288 milhões de juvenis infectantes por hectare, diluídos em volume de calda de até 800 L ha-1 com 0,01 % do tensoativo etoxilado, ou nesse volume seguido de exposição a chuva artificial (lâmina de água de 6 mm), não foram suficientes para o controle de S. frugiperda em casa-de-vegetação.

A formação da força de trabalho marítima no Brasil: cultura e cotidiano, tradição e resistência (1808-1850)

A partir du XVIe siècle, le Brésil surgit comme l'un des éléments centraux du surgissement d'un ordre économique et social dans lequel le navire apparaît comme un espace de luttes et de contradictions entre gouvernements, commandants et marins. Nous examinerons ici le processus de prolétarisation, au Brésil au cours de la premier moitié du XIXe siècle, qui a transformé en main d' uvre de travail maritime des indiens, des petits agriculteurs, des noirs libres et des esclaves.

Diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome by ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to an inborn error of cholesterol metabolism, characterized by congenital malformations, dysmorphism of multiple organs, mental retardation and delayed neuropsychomotor development resulting from cholesterol biosynthesis deficiency. A defect in 3ß-hydroxysteroid-delta7-reductase (delta7-sterol-reductase), responsible for the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol, causes an increase in 7-DHC and frequently reduces plasma cholesterol levels. The clinical diagnosis of SLOS cannot always be conclusive because of the remarkable variability of clinical expression of the disorder. Thus, confirmation by the measurement of plasma 7-DHC levels is needed. In the present study, we used a simple, fast, and selective method based on ultraviolet spectrophotometry to measure 7-DHC in order to diagnose SLOS. 7-DHC was extracted serially from 200 µl plasma with ethanol and n-hexane and the absorbance at 234 and 282 nm was determined. The method was applied to negative control plasma samples from 23 normal individuals and from 6 cases of suspected SLOS. The method was adequate and reliable and 2 SLOS cases were diagnosed.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: clinical and biochemical findings in Brazilian patients

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Escravidão na Vila do Príncipe, província do Rio Grande do Norte (1850/1888)

This dissertation presents a study on the slave population of Vila do Príncipe, from 1850 to 1888, based on the judicial and notarial collection of hand written documents as well as on the Reports of Presidents of the Province of Rio Grande do Norte. The issue that drives the research relates to the reproduction of slavery in a region of cattle breeding colonization. Therefore, the research aims to understand how in a peripheral socio-economic place (in Vila do Príncipe, cattle breeding Seridó) after the prohibition of the African slave trade, the slave relationships subsisted and structured themselves. In the sense, the research analyzed the dynamics of socio-economic slave units and their relationship with space, ownership structure and the slave family.

Características clínicas, comportamentais, cognitivas e comunicativa na síndrome Smith-Magenis

TEMA: o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos clínico, comportamental, cognitivo e comunicativo de indivíduos com o diagnóstico genético da Síndrome Smith-Magenis. PROCEDIMENTOS: participaram dois indivíduos do sexo masculino, de nove e 19 anos. Realizou-se a avaliação genética clínica e laboratorial (teste FISH, utilizando sonda para região 17p11.2). A avaliação psicológica constou da observação comportamental e aplicação da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. A avaliação Fonoaudiológica foi realizada por meio de procedimentos formais e informais e avaliação auditiva periférica. RESULTADOS: a análise genética clínica evidenciou as características fenotípicas da síndrome Smith-Magenis, confirmada pela avaliação laboratorial. A avaliação psicológica evidenciou o fenótipo comportamental peculiar da síndrome Smith-Magenis e comprovou a deficiência intelectual de grau moderado nos dois indivíduos. A avaliação fonoaudiológica mostrou alterações no desempenho linguístico, com alterações nos níveis fonológico, semântico, sintático e pragmático e nas habilidades psicolinguísticas, interferindo nas habilidades comunicativas e de aprendizagem. A avaliação auditiva indicou audição periférica dentro de parâmetros de normalidade. CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação multidisciplinar favoreceu a descrição dos aspectos clínicos, comportamentais, cognitivos que pertencem ao fenótipo comportamental da síndrome Smith-Magenis e permitiu verificar que estes apresentam graves alterações da linguagem oral, das habilidades psicolinguísticas e do processamento das informações visuais e auditivas com reflexos marcantes no desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicativas e processos de aprendizagem.

Smith-Magenis syndrome: clinical evaluation in seven Brazilian patients

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade dos méis produzidos por Melipona fasciculata Smith da região do cerrado maranhense

The honey of Melipona fasciculata is few known in terms of composition, and therefore generally associated with the characteristics of the honey of Apis mellifera. This study contributes to the knowledge of the physico-chemical characteristics of honey of M. fasciculata of the municipalities of Barra do Corda, Jenipapo dos Vieiras, Fernando Falcão, Carolina and Riachão, in cerrado region from Maranhão. The parameters studied were: moisture, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, hydroxymethylfurfural, diastase activity, insoluble solids, ash and color. Some of the observed patterns may conform to the established for A. mellifera, but others must be accompanied by a specific legislation.

Brown-throated three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus Shinz, 1825) as a new host for Leiuris leptocephalus (Rud., 1819) Leuckard, 1850

Vinte e três espécimes de Leiuris leptocephalus (Rud., 1819) Leuckard 1850 (Spirocercidae) foram recuperados do intestino delgado de uma fêmea de preguiça comum, Bradypus variegatus Shinz 1825 (Bradipodidae), em Ubatuba, estado de São Paulo. Os dados demonstram maior variabilidade morfométrica em relação aos dados da literatura, o que contribui para a caracterização morfológica desse nematódeo. Essa comunicação corresponde ao primeiro relato de B. variegatus como hospedeiro de L. leptocephalus.

A NEW HOST RECORD, PALAEMONETES CARTERI (GORDON, 1935) (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE), FOR TELOTHA HENSELII (VON MARTENS, 1869) (ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The megalopa and juvenile development of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Decapoda, Brahyura) compared with other grapsid crabs

Megalopae were reared in the laboratory to the 7(th) crab stage. The megalopa and 1(st) crab stage are described and juvenile development was studied with emphasis on pleopodal differentiation. The megalopal phase, is easily identified, and shares with those of other Grapsinae and Plagusiinae big size, the presence of many natatory setae, and a series of conspicuous teeth on the inner margin of the dactyli from the 2(nd) to 4(th) walking leg. These features are regarded as adaptive for settlement in a wave-swept environment, such as the rocky marine intertidal where most of those species live. Fast development of juvenile pleopods is another characteristic of these subfamilies. In Pachygrapsus transversus, the sexes can be distinguished from the 2(nd) crab stage. Gonopod differentiation in males and the basic segmentation of all four pleopod pairs in females are already concluded at the 5(th) instar. A review of the available information indicated that settlement of large megalopae and fast juvenile development, preceding a precocious sexual maturity, are trends in Grapsinae and Plagusiinae. on the other hand, the Sesarminae pass through a more extensive juvenile instar sequence and presumably a delayed maturity.

The reproductive cycle of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 (Decapoda, Portunidae) in the Ubatuba Region, Brazil

Callinectes danae Smith, 1869, known as siri-azul, is an important fishery resource along the Brazilian coast. The reproductive cycle of this species was studied based on their moult cycle and the development of their gonads. The animals were collected with an otter-trawl in the Ubatuba region (23 degrees 26'S 45 degrees 02'W) every other month from July 1991 to May 1993. A total of 1826 specimens were captured: 788 males and 1038 females. Ovigerous females and specimens with developed gonads in both sexes were found in all months sampled. In females, moult activity was recorded in all size classes while in males, it was verified from 20-27 mm to 90-97 mm size classes. The females produced more than one clutch during a single reproductive season, a fact evidenced by the presence of ovigerous females with ovaries in all the development phases. The species C. danae reproduces continuously, like most brachyurans from tropical waters.

On the population biology of the mottled shore crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in a subtropical area

The mottled shore crab P. transversus is probably the most common brachyuran crab living in the marine rocky intertidal of southeastern Brazil. However, its biology is largely unknown. In this study, some aspects of the population biology of this species are investigated. Distribution of individuals in the intertidal range is heterogeneous. Sabellariid worm reefs and mytilid mussel beds can be considered as nursery grounds retaining most part of juveniles, while the rocky surface is mostly inhabited by adults, which find safety shelters in rock crevices. Annual size frequency distributions revealed clues of population stability and indicated that young individuals reach the adult habitat in a gradual process. Sex-ratio follows the 1:1 proportion in smaller size classes but is biased towards males in larger ones. Higher mortality in larger females is indicated as a possible cause of this pattern. Ovigerous ratio shows a remarkable seasonality in which highest percentages of ovigerous females occur during summer months, while recruitment of young is more intense from April to July, suggesting a very extensive larval development. Once established in the intertidal zone, young recruits will develop to mature individuals in late spring, when molting crabs become scarce and proportion of breeding females increases. Therefore, growth and reproduction are in a great part temporally separated, allowing an annual life cycle in which settlement, growth and breeding may take place within a I-yr period.

Allometry of the secondary sexual characters of the shore crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae)

The allometric growth of secondary sexual characters in Pachygrapsus transversus is investigated from the 2(nd) crab stage onward. Clear sexual dimorphism is restricted to abdominal morphology, but ANCOVA analyses showed that chelae become larger in males and the carapace becomes wider in females. Size at the puberty moult in both sexes was estimated using Somerton's computer techniques. Mature II analyses applied to bi-log gonopod length vs, carapace length relationships indicated a puberty moult at 5.0 mm in males.In females, Mature I analyses detected the overlapping growth phase lines in bi-log carapace length vs. abdomen width scatterplots. Fitting the logistic equation provided an estimate of 50% maturity at 5.5 mm. The regression lines separate young and resting individuals from the potentially reproductive females, but they do not separate young from adult crabs. Year-round monthly samples showed that the proportion of small adult-like females is higher during the breeding season. After breeding, females may moult to a young-like morphotype, as observed in controlled laboratory conditions. Moulting to a resting condition splits smaller mature females into different growth phase lines. Therefore, estimates of female size at sexual maturity by means of abdomen allometric growth analyses are inadequate in this species.