Propuestas para un nuevo modelo de Pr??cticum en la Facultad de Educaci??n de Toledo

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Effect of Temperature on the Development and Survival of the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile

The influence of temperature on the developmental times and survival of insects can largely determine their distribution. For invasive species, like the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), these data are essential for predicting their potential range based on mechanistic models. In the case of this species, such data are too scarce and incomplete to make accurate predictions based on its physiological needs. This research provides comprehensive new data about brood survival and developmental times at a wide range of temperatures under laboratory conditions. Temperature affected both the complete brood development from egg to adult worker and each of the immature stages separately. The higher the temperature, the shorter the development times. Brood survival from egg to adult was low, with the maximum survival rate being only 16% at 26º C. Temperature also affected survival of each of the immature stages differently: eggs were negatively affected by high temperatures, while larvae were negatively affected by low temperatures, and the survival of pupae was apparently independent of environmental temperature. At 32º C no eggs survived, while at 18º C less than 2% of the eggs hatched into larva. The data from the present study are essential for developing prediction models about the distribution range of this tramp species based on its physiological needs in relation to temperature

Vinculação, memórias de cuidados na infância, auto-conceito e depressão em adolescentes

A Teoria da Vinculação tem motivado inúmeros investigadores a procurar compreender o impacto da privação grave de cuidados parentais no desenvolvimento humano (O‟Connor, et al., 1999; Boris & Zeanah, 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005), pois, segundo Bowlby (1969, 1984), a ausência precoce de cuidados maternos estaria intimamente relacionada com trajectórias desenvolvimentais (des)adaptativas. Nesta perspectiva, o aumento do número de instituições de acolhimento e a crescente proliferação de estudos internacionais centrados nesta temática, têm enfatizado o efeito negativo das experiências de privação e dos cuidados institucionais no desenvolvimento infantil (Provence & Lipton, 1962; O‟Connor, et al., 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005). O presente estudo, de carácter exploratório, procurou compreender o modo como os jovens experienciam a adolescência em situações de vida distintas: em meio familiar e em meio institucional. Concretamente, buscou analisar a influência das memórias dos cuidados na infância e da qualidade da vinculação, no auto-conceito e nas queixas depressivas. Participaram nesta investigação 80 adolescentes, 39 residentes em instituições de acolhimento temporário de duas instituições do distrito de Setúbal (N=39) e 41 que residem com as suas famílias de origem, frequentando duas instituições de ensino público regular (N=41), com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 17 anos, de ambos os géneros. Para avaliar as variáveis em estudo foram utilizados o IPPA, de Armsden & Greenberg (1987); o EMBU-A, de Gerlsma, Arrindell, Von der Veen & Emmelkamp (1991); o SPPA, de Harter (1988); e o CDI, de Kovacs (1982). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o contexto de vida em que os adolescentes estão inseridos não exerce, por si só, uma influência negativa na expressão de queixas depressivas e numa auto-percepção mais negativa das próprias competências; os cuidados na infância e a qualidade dos laços estabelecidos com as figuras significativas, enquanto em meio familiar, dos adolescentes institucionalizados afectam a sua percepção de competência de modo negativo; o tempo de institucionalização não influencia directamente o desenvolvimento psicológico, cognitivo, social e emocional, ao nível da qualidade das relações afectivas estabelecidas, do auto-conceito e da auto-estima das crianças e jovens institucionalizados.

Evaluation of auditory-visual speech perception in individuals diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer's type

Auditory-visual speech perception testing was completed using wordandconsonant-level stimuli in individuals with known degrees of dementia of theAlzheimer’s type. The correlations with the cognitive measures and the speechperception measures (A-only, V-only, AV, VE or AE) did not reveal significantrelationships.

La factura electrónica en el Ecuador (Artículos Varios)

A través de este trabajo, el autor pretende evidenciar, en una primera parte, la estrecha relación y dependencia existente entre las diferentes denominaciones que la legislación comercial y tributaria ecuatoriana otorga a la factura, manteniendo ésta, independientemente del enfoque -tributario, mercantil y comercial, de comercio electrónico-, su esencia, cual es la de constituirse en uno de los medios probatorios más eficaces en relación con diversas transacciones comerciales realizadas. Por otro lado, el autor resalta la legalidad de la factura electrónica en el Ecuador, manteniendo como base, la especializada legislación vigente y los diferentes principios jurídicos aplicables al comercio electrónico. Finalmente se revelan las razones de la imperiosa necesidad de que nuestro país instituya, de manera urgente, entidades de certificación de información y un adecuado sistema regulatorio.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 12 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Alexandra Astudillo, NUEVAS APROXIMACIONES AL CUENTO ECUATORIANO DE LOS ÚLTIMOS 25 AÑOS, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, 1999; Serie Magíster, vol. 8; 134 pp. -- Armando Muyulema Calle, LA QUEMA DE ÑUCANCHIC HUASl (1994): LOS ROSTROS DISCURSIVOS DEL CONFLICTO SOCIAL EN CAÑAR, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, 200 1; Serie Magíster, vol. 11; 97 pp. -- Julio Pazos, ARTE DE LA MEMORIA: SUSTENTOS DE LA VIDA DIARIA, Quito: Paradiso, 1998. -- Luis Aguilar Monsalve, EL UMBRAL DEL SILENCIO, 2a. ed., Libresa, Colección Crónica de sueños, 1999. -- Mario Vargas Llosa, LA FIESTA DEL CHIVO, Madrid: Alfaguara, 2000. -- Leonardo Valencia Assogna, EL DESTERRADO, Barcelona: Debate, 2001. -- Raúl Serrano Sánchez, LAS MUJERES ESTÁN LOCAS POR MI, 2a. ed., Quito, Eskeletra, 2000, 144 pp. -- María del Carmen Porras, APROXIMACIÓN A LA INTELECTUALIDAD LATINOAMERICANA: EL CASO DE ECUADOR y VENEZUELA, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional; 2000; Serie Magíster, vol. 10; 116 pp. -- Roy Sigüenza, OCÚPATE DE LA NOCHE, Colección Triformidad, Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca / Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Núcleo del Azuay, 2000. -- Sofía Paredes, TRAVESÍA DE LO POPULAR EN LA CRÍTICA LITERARIA ECUATORIANA, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, 2000; Serie Magíster, vol. 12; 66 pp. -- Cristóbal Zapata, BAJA NOCHE, Quito: Eskeletra, 2000; 58 pp. -- Violeta Luna, UNA SOLA VEZ LA VIDA, Quito: Eskeletra, 2000.

Storm prediction research and its application to the oil/gas industry

The accurate prediction of storms is vital to the oil and gas sector for the management of their operations. An overview of research exploring the prediction of storms by ensemble prediction systems is presented and its application to the oil and gas sector is discussed. The analysis method used requires larger amounts of data storage and computer processing time than other more conventional analysis methods. To overcome these difficulties eScience techniques have been utilised. These techniques potentially have applications to the oil and gas sector to help incorporate environmental data into their information systems

Microbial control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae) using bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila) and its metabolites from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Cells and cell-free solutions of the culture filtrate of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila taken from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in aqueous broth suspensions were lethal to larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Their application on leaves of Chinese cabbage indicated that the cells can penetrate into the insects in the absence of the nematode vector. Cell-free solutions containing metabolites were also proved as effective as bacterial cells suspension. The application of aqueous suspensions of cells of X. nematophila or solutions containing its toxic metabolites to the leaves represents a possible new strategy for controlling insect pests on foliage.

Pathogenicity of the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and its secretions against Galleria mellonella larvae

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella infected with Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the Galleria larvae. Toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. When filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. Similarly, bacterial cells and secretion in broth were more effective at 14% moisture and 25 °C temperature treatments. Maximum insect mortality (100%) was observed when bacterial concentration of 4×106 cells/ml was used. Similarly, maximum bacterial cells in broth (95%) were penetrated into the insect body within 2 h of their application. However, when stored bacterial toxic secretion was applied to the insects its efficacy declined. On the other hand, when the same toxic secretion was dried and then dissolved either in broth or water was proved to be effective. The present study showed that the bacterium, X. nematophila or its toxic secretion can be used as an important component of integrated pest management against Galleria.

Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders

We undertook this study to explore the degree of impairment in movement skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and a wide IQ range. Movement skills were measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) in a large, well defined, population-derived group of children (n=101: 89 males,12 females; mean age 11y 4mo, SD 10mo; range 10y-14y 3mo) with childhood autism and broader ASD and a wide range of IQ scores. Additionally, we tested whether a parent-completed questionnaire, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), was useful in identifying children who met criteria for movement impairments after assessment (n=97 with complete M-ABCs and DCDQs). Of the children with ASD, 79% had definite movement impairments on the M-ABC; a further 10% had borderline problems. Children with childhood autism were more impaired than children with broader ASD, and children with an IQ less than 70 were more impaired than those with IQ more than 70. This is consistent with the view that movement impairments may arise from a more severe neurological impairment that also contributes to intellectual disability and more severe autism. Movement impairment was not associated with everyday adaptive behaviour once the effect of IQ was controlled for. The DCDQ performed moderately well as a screen for possible motor difficulties. Movement impairments are common in children with ASD. Systematic assessment of movement abilities should be considered a routine investigation.

Gravity well visibility in haptic interfaces for motion-impaired

Haptic computer interfaces provide users with feedback through the sense of touch, thereby allowing users to feel a graphical user interface. Force feedback gravity wells, i.e. attractive basins that can pull the cursor toward a target, are one type of haptic effect that have been shown to provide improvements in "point and click" tasks. For motion-impaired users, gravity wells could improve times by as much as 50%. It has been reported that the presentation of information to multiple sensory modalities, e.g. haptics and vision, can provide performance benefits. However, previous studies investigating the use of force feedback gravity wells have generally not provided visual representations of the haptic effect. Where force fields extend beyond clickable targets, the addition of visual cues may affect performance. This paper investigates how the performance of motion-impaired computer users is affected by having visual representations of force feedback gravity wells presented on-screen. Results indicate that the visual representation does not affect times and errors in a "point and click" task involving multiple targets.

Efficient calculation of two-dimensional periodic and waveguide acoustic Green’s functions

New representations and efficient calculation methods are derived for the problem of propagation from an infinite regularly spaced array of coherent line sources above a homogeneous impedance plane, and for the Green's function for sound propagation in the canyon formed by two infinitely high, parallel rigid or sound soft walls and an impedance ground surface. The infinite sum of source contributions is replaced by a finite sum and the remainder is expressed as a Laplace-type integral. A pole subtraction technique is used to remove poles in the integrand which lie near the path of integration, obtaining a smooth integrand, more suitable for numerical integration, and a specific numerical integration method is proposed. Numerical experiments show highly accurate results across the frequency spectrum for a range of ground surface types. It is expected that the methods proposed will prove useful in boundary element modeling of noise propagation in canyon streets and in ducts, and for problems of scattering by periodic surfaces.

Beyond behaviour: is social anxiety low in Williams syndrome

Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) exhibit striking social behaviour that may be indicative of abnormally low social anxiety. The present research aimed to determine whether social anxiety is unusually low in WS and to replicate previous findings of increased generalised anxiety in WS using both parent and self report. Fifteen individuals with WS aged 12-28 years completed the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the Children’s Automatic Thoughts Scale (CATS). Their responses were compared to clinically anxious and community comparison groups matched on mental age. The findings suggest that WS is not associated with unusually low social anxiety but that generalised anxiety symptoms and physical threat thoughts are increased in WS, relative to typically developing children.