Ditadura e justiça militar no Brasil : a atuação do Superior Tribunal Militar (1964-1980)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do Superior Tribunal Militar (STM), segunda instância da Justiça Militar brasileira, entre os anos de 1964 e 1980, no processo de construção de uma nova ordem jurídica e no julgamento de crimes militares, políticos e político-militares. Após o golpe de 31 de março de 1964, o STM teve importante participação no processo de punição jurídico-política então instaurado. Com a edição do Ato Institucional nº 2, em 1965, o julgamento de crimes contra a segurança nacional foi transferido para a Justiça Militar, buscando reordenar problemas gerados pelo emaranhado legislativo que definia até então as atribuições do STM e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no julgamento de delitos vinculados à conjuntura política “revolucionária”. Segundo a metodologia adotada neste trabalho, a Justiça Militar como um todo, e o STM em particular, atuaram nesse período por meio de três lógicas distintas: como Justiça corporativa (JC), ou seja, julgando crimes militares; como Justiça do regime (JR), direcionada para o processo e julgamento de opositores do regime, em casos de atentado contra a segurança nacional e contra a probidade administrativa; e como justiça político-corporativa (JPC), julgando incriminados em delitos militares, mas por motivação política. Ao longo da tese, buscamos também acompanhar a maneira como o Tribunal se comportou frente às mudanças políticas e jurídicas, que incidiram em sua estrutura e competência. Como demonstramos no trabalho, o impacto da produção legislativa sobre o labor do STM não foi imediato. A morosidade da justiça e a dinâmica processual geraram um descompasso temporal entre as propostas governamentais de modificação da estrutura jurídica e os julgamentos. Uma das consequências diretas desse fenômeno foi o fato de o STM, principalmente ao atuar como Justiça do regime, ter que lidar, ao mesmo tempo, com leis de segurança nacional que se superpunham e coabitavam o mesmo campo jurídico. Verificamos, ainda, que o padrão decisório do STM ao julgar em cada uma das categorias tendia a reproduzir as decisões das Auditorias Militares, dado esse que nos permite relativizar a difundida tese de que o Tribunal atuou como um espaço de maior serenidade e complacência para com os condenados em primeira instância.

O DOI-CODI carioca: memória e cotidiano no "Castelo do Terror"

O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar a memória de seis ex-prisioneiros políticos do Destacamento de Operações de Informações-Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna do Rio de Janeiro (DOI-CODI/RJ), entrevistados recentemente, entre os anos de 2002 e 2004, sobre o cotidiano vivido nessa instituição em 1970. Naquele ano, dentro do Sistema de Segurança Interna (SISSEGIN), os DOI-CODI haviam sido criados e distribuídos por todas as Regiões Militares do país, tornando-se a principal instituição de repressão aos opositores políticos que optaram pela luta armada como forma de derrotar a ditadura militar brasileira. Assim, as narrativas desses seis ex-prisioneiros são, além de fontes essenciais, o principal objeto de estudo deste trabalho. Através delas, torna-se possível acessar aspectos cruciais para a caracterização do cotidiano vivido pelos presos em um desses órgãos, ― o DOI-CODI do Rio de Janeiro ―, uma vez que esse passado se liga ao presente por meio de suas memórias. Diante disso, a fim de melhor entender tais memórias, a formação e a atuação dos DOI-CODI também são aqui analisadas, colocando as narrativas dos ex-prisioneiros políticos entrevistados em diálogo com uma bibliografia especialmente selecionada, além de uma fonte a respeito do DOI feita por um de seus agentes quando este órgão ainda estava em atividade, em 1978. Para que a essas memórias seja aplicada uma crítica efetiva, necessária a todo trabalho histórico, o estudo se debruça ainda sobre as interferências que o presente exerce na construção que fazem com relação ao passado vivido no DOI-CODI/RJ, com o objetivo de esclarecer as bases sobre as quais são construídas cerca de trinta anos depois.

As pinturas de Waldomiro de Deus: signos e desejos a favor da educação na escola de ensino fundamental

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um projeto com o intuito de levar o aluno de ensino fundamental da rede pública ao conhecimento e à reflexão acerca de um determinado período social e político da historia brasileira, conhecido como a ditadura militar da década de 1960, através da obra do artista popular Waldomiro de Deus. Para tanto, propõe-se a utilização da Abordagem Triangular (AT) para o ensino da arte, que consiste em uma metodologia baseada em três eixos principais: a contextualização da obra, a sua apreciação e a prática. A contextualização da obra de arte no projeto é para o aluno entender a época na qual foi criada, e estabelecer as relações sociais e culturais de forma integrada. A apreciação da obra é a leitura crítica das imagens, que ajudará ao aluno a formar seus próprios conceitos sobre os trabalhos artísticos a partir daí analisados. A prática refere-se ao trabalho no ateliê, a criação visual, a utilização dos materiais para composição dos trabalhos. Estes trabalhos serão elaborados a partir do estudo da obra do artista, não sendo uma cópia, e o aluno terá a liberdade para se expressar dentro de sua realidade. Este projeto pretende trazer para os seus beneficiários a discussão da arte e o seu papel no ensino fundamental. Compartilhar com as crianças um cotidiano educativo proposto por este projeto é envolver linguagens artísticas diferentes, como prática de dinâmicas entre professores e alunos, no processo de desenvolvimento e criação da arte e na apropriação de valores éticos. Espera-se ao final do projeto que os alunos conheçam a obra do artista Waldomiro de Deus, a temática que envolveu e a sua importância para o conhecimento desse período histórico do país.

O Governo JK e a revista Manchete: a criação do mito dos anos dourados

Os anos entre 1956 a 1961 foram pródigos para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. O governo JK consolidou a industrialização brasileira, criou Brasília e foi considerado um caso singular na política contemporânea, por ser o único governo civil que começou e terminou seu mandato segundo as regras constitucionais, até o período da ditadura militar. Através da rememoração, lembramos de fatos históricos, que através da narrativa da revista Manchete, contribuíram para a criação de uma imagem positiva de Juscelino Kubitschek e de seu governo. As edições constantes de sua imagem de grande estadista justificam a existência, na memória coletiva, do mito político. Sua trajetória foi caracterizada por sua simpatia, seu poder de persuasão e pela força de sua oratória durante o seu governo e posteriormente calada pela ditadura militar, implantada no Brasil em 1964. Manchete deu forma, através de suas fotorreportagens, aos acontecimentos de um país em acelerado processo de desenvolvimento, contribuindo desta maneira, com a criação do mito dos anos dourados.

Ditadura, arquivo e memória: notas para um estudo sobre o caso Organização Política Operária (Polop)

A dissertação discute o processo de construção social dos arquivos e sua vinculação com a produção e difusão de narrativas memoriais, partindo da análise de um caso específico - a construção da memória da Política Operária (Polop) e a produção de um arquivo histórico da organização por parte de seus antigos militantes. Busca-se evidenciar como esse arquivo é produzido material e discursivamente pelo grupo, assim como pelas instituições custodiadoras, pelos profissionais de arquivo e pelas políticas públicas voltadas ao setor, que também exercem influência sobre a configuração adquirida por essas fontes históricas. Tomado, assim, menos como fonte e mais como objeto da investigação, o arquivo é compreendido como parte de um contexto de revisão memorial e historiográfica do período do regime militar (1964-1985), no qual adquire importância renovada. Deslocando-se o foco do conteúdo informacional dos arquivos em direção ao papel que desempenham enquanto matéria para a construção de novas narrativas históricas, busca-se problematizar a construção dessas fontes e entender como elas adquirem legitimidade como chaves de interpretação do passado.

Wage inequality and trade liberalization : evidence from Argentina

Wage inequality has increased substantially in Argentina during the nineties. At the same time during this decade Argentina has gone through a rapid and deep process of trade liberalization. In this paper we try to associate both phenomena. In particular, we attempt to answer the following question: Did trade liberalization play any role in shaping the argentine wage structure during the period studied? Specifically, we test whether those sectors where import penetration deepened are also the sectors where, ceteris paribus, a higher increase in wage inequality has taken place. We fmd evidence that supports this hypothesis.

O Conselho Federal de Cultura e o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro: um estudo de caso da política de financiamento à cultura (1966-1974).

Esta dissertação analisa a política de financiamento do Conselho Federal de Cultura (CFC), órgão responsável pelas políticas públicas de cultura da ditadura civil-militar, diretamente ligado ao Ministério da Educação e Cultura. O CFC estabeleceu convênios com diversas instituições culturais, como o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB). No período de 1966 a 1974 atuou com exclusividade, o que permitia estabelecer regras para requisição e repasse de recursos às instituições culturais. Buscaremos aqui, entender, a partir das publicações da Revista Cultura e, posteriormente, do Boletim do Conselho Federal de Cultura, as normas que possibilitavam a liberação de recursos para instituições privadas, como os Institutos Históricos. Averiguaremos a importância da produção intelectual e cultural do IHGB. Para um aprofundamento dessas questões, selecionamos convênios do CFC estabelecidos com o IHGB que visavam dois tipos de financiamento: obras de infraestrutura e atividade cultural.

Os programas de incentivo à cultura e o processo de fomento às organizações culturais no rio grande do norte: o caso da Casa da Ribeira em Natal

Since the emergence of the first demands for actions that were intended to give greater attention to culture in Brazil, came the first discussions which concerned the way the Brazilian government could have a positive influence in encouraging the culture, as is its interaction with the actors interested and involved with the cause. During the military dictatorship, there were programs which relied on the direct participation of the State to ensure that right, from the viewpoint of its support and implementation of public resources in developing the "cultural product" to be brought to society in its various forms of expression - all this, funded by the government. It is an example of "EMBRAFILMES" and "Projeto Seis e Meia", continued until the present day in some regions of the country, though maintained by entities not directly connected with the administration or the government. However, it was from the period of democratization and the end of the dictatorship that the Brazilian government began to look at the different culture, under its guarantee to the society. Came the first incentive laws, led by "Lei Sarney" Nº 7.505/86, which was culture as a segment which could receive foreign assistance in order to assist the government in fulfilling its public duty. After Collor era and the end of the embargo through the encouragement of culture incentive laws, consolidated the incentive model proposed in advance of Culture "Lei Sarney" and the federal laws, state and local regimentares as close to this action. This applies to the Rouanet Law (Lei Rouanet), Câmara Cascudo Law (Lei Câmara Cascudo) and Djalma Maranhão Cultural Incentive Law (Lei de Incentivo à Cultura Djalma Maranhão), existing in Natal and Rio Grande do Norte. Since then, business entities could help groups and cultural organizations to keep their work from the political sponsorship under control and regiment through the Brazilian state in the form of their Cultural Incentive Law. This framework has contributed to the strengthening of NGOs and with the consolidation of these institutions as the linchpin of Republican guaranteeing the right to access to culture, but corporate social responsibility was the one who took off in the segment treated here, through the actions of Responsibility Cultural enterprises arising from the Cultural Organizations. Therefore, in the face of this discourse, this study ascertains the process of encouraging the Culture in Rio Grande do Norte from the Deviant Case Analysis at the Casa da Ribeira, the main Cultural Organization that operates, focused action in Natal in order to assess the relationships established between the same entity and the institutions which are entitled to maintain the process of encouraging treated in this study - Enterprise, from the viewpoint of corporate sponsorship and Cultural Responsibility and State in the form of the Laws Incentive Funds and Public Culture Incentive

Efeitos biológicos in vitro de agentes físicos utilizados em fisioterapia

The uses of radiobiocomplexes labeled with technetium-99m contributed to health science advances. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) has been used as a reducing agent for the labeling process. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the SnCl2 have been described in several studies and with this experimental models alterations in molecular and cellular level can be evaluated. In the last years the physicals therapists acquired new devices which emits electromagnetic radiation such us Extremely Low Frequency Pulsated Electromagnetic Fields (E.L.F. P.E.M.F.), radiofrequency, Intense Pulsed Light (I.P.L.) and others which emits sonic waves such us Biorresonance. Scientific evidence of the effects and dosage is important to protect public health and to reach exposition levels that result in significant biological effects. The aim of this project is to verify the effects of these physical agents in plasmid DNA and E. coli AB1157 cultures in presence or absence of SnCl2 and the effects in blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m. Wistar rats blood was exposed to the cited sources and the labelling of blood constituents with 99mTc was carried through. Cultures of E. coli AB1157 and plasmidial samples DNA had been also exposed the physical agents. The results suggest that these agents are capable of altering neither the survival of E. coli cells or plasmid DNA electrophoresis mobility. The multidiscipline character was clearly in this study due the interaction between Nuclear Medicine department of the UERJ and the Laboratory of Physical Agents of the Maimonides University in Argentina until the union between the teacher (biomedical and physiotherapist) and student (physiotherapist), besides collaborators of the area of Physics and Biology, promoting new ideas and perspectives and also adding the knowledge of different areas and origins

As ações político-pedagógicas do Serviço de Assistência Rural-SAR

This program resumes the history of the political-pedagogic actions on the Serviço de Assistência Rural SAR, of Natal archdiocese, and analyses the contributions of this actions on the process of rural workers organization in the social movements on the countryside. The educative actions of the RAS are happening in a permanent tension between the pedagogic project of a church in change and, a pedagogy of the groups, communities and social movements, that is centered in the cultural action, in the culture lived from its condition of citizens. This research reveals that this entity fulfilled a strategic attribution for the Natal s church on the formation of the community leaderships, at a first moment and leaderships for social movements. Before the military dictatorship, the work methodology of this entity had as priority, begin from the reality leaved by the rural workers in the expectation that these became to qualify themselves for a more citizen participation in the call development. During the military regime, the entity goes measuring theirs activities in the new context, until the moment that redefines the work line. Goes then defining regions and thematic of operation supporting the fights for land, salary campaigns, women agricultural workers organizations. The pedagogy of work has as one of its supporters the Paulo Freire s pedagogy, privileging the dialog as a source of production of knowledge from the reality leaved in a permanent transformation. The actions of this entity, with the groups and social movements, produces the necessary knowledge for the organization of the rural workers while individual and social subjects of a changing world. The process of action-reflection of the activities intended, by a creative form, a permanent production of strategies of fight of the workers. Research ever, not to make accommodate itself to the new knowledge acquired in the action-reflection it is part of the pedagogical idea of this Institution. One searched in this process of formation of the man and the woman to question the reality, to create actionreflection-action spaces on the fights for a possible transition of an ingenuous conscience for a critical conscience, in view of the transformation of the structures that oppresses them

DNA bar-coding reveals source and patterns of Thaumastocoris peregrinus invasions in South Africa and South America

Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a recently introduced invertebrate pest of non-native Eucalyptus plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. It was first reported from South Africa in 2003 and in Argentina in 2005. Since then, populations have grown explosively and it has attained an almost ubiquitous distribution over several regions in South Africa on 26 Eucalyptus species. Here we address three key questions regarding this invasion, namely whether only one species has been introduced, whether there were single or multiple introductions into South Africa and South America and what the source of the introduction might have been. To answer these questions, bar-coding using mitochondrial DNA (COI) sequence diversity was used to characterise the populations of this insect from Australia, Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and Uruguay. Analyses revealed three cryptic species in Australia, of which only T. peregrinus is represented in South Africa and South America. Thaumastocoris peregrinus populations contained eight haplotypes, with a pairwise nucleotide distance of 0.2-0.9% from seventeen locations in Australia. Three of these haplotypes are shared with populations in South America and South Africa, but the latter regions do not share haplotypes. These data, together with the current distribution of the haplotypes and the known direction of original spread in these regions, suggest that at least three distinct introductions of the insect occurred in South Africa and South America before 2005. The two most common haplotypes in Sydney, one of which was also found in Brisbane, are shared with the non-native regions. Sydney populations of T. peregrinus, which have regularly reached outbreak levels in recent years, might thus have served as source of these three distinct introductions into other regions of the Southern Hemisphere.

Homoafetividade e abertura política em contos de Caio Fernando Abreu

This text aims to study the literary representation of homoaffectivity in short stories of Caio Fernando Abreu in the context of brazilian redemocratization, specifically in the narratives published between 1982 and 1988. To understand the relation between literature and historical context in the tales, we betake, principally, to a notion of Literature and Society, as proposed for Antonio Candido. Relating the narratives of Caio Fernando Abreu with the military dictatorship and the redemocratization processes, as well as a generational project named contraculture, we aim to verify as the search for affection for men that desire others men may be conditioned for specific socio-hystorical conditions, understanding the literary work as a privileged field of representation and comprehension of reality

Serviço Social e Política: uma análise da participação dos assistentes sociais no Conselho Regional de Serviço Social 14ª região

This paper analyzes the political participation of Social Workers at the Social Service Regional Council Region 14th. The theoretical and methodological framework of this investigation has as its perspective the totality of social life and its determining relations within the object of study. To the production, analysis and collecting of data it was used a qualitative approach considering a bibliographical and documental research as well as a series of twelve interviews with 2005-2008 and 2008-2011 managing counselors of CRESS/RN. It was also used the data obtained from other special interviews held with the social workers in the period between 2007 and 2008. The results of this study allow and affirm the political dimension of Caseworkers and the CRESS/RN as a space of political activity with opportunities for effective and collective elaboration of strategies in order to reach the fulfillment of the ethical and professional policy of the Social Work. From a historical viewpoint, the beginning of this process is marked by the struggle for democracy, the end of military dictatorship, the establishment of the State of Human Rights. The Democratization of the so called Federal Council of Social Workers and its Regional Councils of Social Workers, CFAS / CRAS, respectively, area a result of the participation of the category in an effort to fight for democratization in Brazil. The objective of this research, so, is to understand which the socio-historical determinants are, that focus objectively and subjectively in the demobilization of social workers in CRESS Region 14th - in the contemporary and historical context. Among the results obtained we identified the ignorance of some professional workers and also of some advisors, regarding the existence and the role of the Council, as well as the commercialization of Education that compromises the quality of the professional training in its theoretical and methodological, ethical and political dimensions. According to our understanding, this shows a the presence of a non-critical professional profile based on a false reality, on the precariousness of employment contracts which undermine the political organization and submit the worker to various social exploring mechanisms such as double shift and ultimately the fragility of the management of the Regional Council -, as a consequence of the offensive capitalist system that ideologically invests to stop the political organization founded in a critical and democratic perspective. The low participation of some advisors and, in general, the category in CRESS / RN, despite its objective conditions, is a reality and it is presented to us as a challenge to future managements and policy consolidation to society. Inasmuch as the category intends to guarantee the high quality of its social workers, the demands of future counselors, their skills and abilities in dealing with regulatory issues, administrative policies that pervade the everyday life of CRESS / RN are necessary

Latitudinal variation in population structure and reproductive pattern of the endemic south american shrimp Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda : Penaeoidea)

Population Structure and reproductive Maturity of females were investigated in the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888 from coastal waters of northern São Paulo State (Brazil. 23 degrees S) and Mar del Plata (Argentina, 38 degrees S) from June 2001 to May 2002. Monthly collections were taken by, commercial shrimp fishing boats equipped with bottom trawl nets. Population parameters from size frequency distributions and size (carapace length = CL) of female reproductive maturity were analyzed and compared front the two sampling areas. Latitudinal trends in reproductive parameters of A. longinaris were shown in overall body size and size of reproductive maturity, both of which were smaller in females from the tropical location than those front the cold-temperate sampling area. Largest females (> 30 turn CL) were collected in Argentina, while Brazilian specimens reached maximum size at 27 nun CL. The smallest Size of female sexual maturity was estimated at 13.6 nun CL in Brazilian samples compared to 22.1 mm CL calculated for those from Argentina. Populations from both regions exhibited a bimodal size distribution in the spring, with the peak at small body size probably corresponding to recent recruits and the peak at larger body, size to reproductive females or shrimps migrating in from deeper waters or other latitudinal regions. In late spring and summer. an intrusion of the cold South Atlantic Coastal Water mass was observed which lowered water temperature and stimulated plankton production. The primary food source for the larvae of a typically cold-temperate species such as A. longinaris. The trend of increasing body size and delay of sexual maturity with increasing latitude appears to be correlated with the decreasing water temperature and increasing plankton productivity at higher latitudes.

Composição e abundância da ictiofauna de duas lagunas costeiras da América do Sul Austral: lagoa do Peixe (31ºS; 51ºW), Brasil e laguna Mar Chiquita (37ºS; 57ºW), Argentina

This article describes and compares the shallow water fish-fauna from two coastal lagoons (Peixe Lagoon, in Brazil, and Mar Chiquita Lagoon, in Argentina). Peixe Lagoon was sampled between 2000 and 2001 using a 9 m beach seine net (12 mm bar mesh in the wings and 5 mm in the centre 3 m section) totalizing 125 samples, which yielded 33,848 individuals and 32 species. Mar Chiquita Lagoon was sampled from 1995 to 1998 using a 21) m beach seine net (12 mm bar mesh) totalizing 232 samples resulting in 31,097 individuals of 28 species. A total of 47 species were observed in both lagoons and 13 were shared. The "marine-estuarine-related" species were similar and dominate the fish assemblages in both lagoons. The remaining species were similar to the species collected along the southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina estuaries. The number of species observed in Peixe Lagoon (S = 32) was higher than in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (S = 28) and is probably associated with a strong latitudinal gradient of species richness increasing from north to south. Considering that the Peixe Lagoon and Mar Chiquita Lagoon are isolated by the large estuaries of Patos Lagoon and Prata River, the composition of the species with low abundance and occasional occurrence were different for each local studied. These results expand the knowledge for the fauna of both sites and help conservation and management from both lagoons.