Visual surveillance for moving vehicles

An overview is given of a novel vision system for locating, recognising and tracking multiple vehicles.

Performance evaluation of crowd image analysis using the PETS2009 dataset

This paper presents the PETS2009 outdoor crowd image analysis surveillance dataset and the performance evaluation of people counting, detection and tracking results using the dataset submitted to five IEEE Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS) workshops. The evaluation was carried out using well established metrics developed in the Video Analysis and Content Extraction (VACE) programme and the CLassification of Events, Activities, and Relationships (CLEAR) consortium. The comparative evaluation highlights the detection and tracking performance of the authors’ systems in areas such as precision, accuracy and robustness and provides a brief analysis of the metrics themselves to provide further insights into the performance of the authors’ systems.

Characteristics of tropical cyclones in high-resolution models in the present climate

The global characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated by several climate models are analyzed and compared with observations. The global climate models were forced by the same sea surface temperature (SST) fields in two types of experiments, using climatological SST and interannually varying SST. TC tracks and intensities are derived from each model's output fields by the group who ran that model, using their own preferred tracking scheme; the study considers the combination of model and tracking scheme as a single modeling system, and compares the properties derived from the different systems. Overall, the observed geographic distribution of global TC frequency was reasonably well reproduced. As expected, with the exception of one model, intensities of the simulated TC were lower than in observations, to a degree that varies considerably across models.

Predicting solar disturbance effects on navigation systems

A variety of operational systems are vulnerable to disruption by solar disturbances brought to the Earth by the solar wind. Of particular importance to navigation systems are energetic charged particles which can generate temporary malfunctions and permanent damage in satellites. Modern spacecraft technology may prove to be particularly at risk during the next maximum of the solar cycle. In addition, the associated ionospheric disturbances cause phase shifts of transionospheric and ionosphere-reflected signals, giving positioning errors and loss of signal for GPS and Loran-C positioning systems and for over-the-horizon radars. We now have sufficient understanding of the solar wind, and how it interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, to predict statistically the likely effects on operational systems over the next solar cycle. We also have a number of advanced ways of detecting and tracking these disturbances through space but we cannot, as yet, provide accurate forecasts of individual disturbances that could be used to protect satellites and to correct errors. In addition, we have recently discovered long-term changes in the Sun, which mean that the number and severity of the disturbances to operational systems are increasing.

A Floating-point Extended Kalman Filter Implementation for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Localization and Mapping are two of the most important capabilities for autonomous mobile robots and have been receiving considerable attention from the scientific computing community over the last 10 years. One of the most efficient methods to address these problems is based on the use of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The EKF simultaneously estimates a model of the environment (map) and the position of the robot based on odometric and exteroceptive sensor information. As this algorithm demands a considerable amount of computation, it is usually executed on high end PCs coupled to the robot. In this work we present an FPGA-based architecture for the EKF algorithm that is capable of processing two-dimensional maps containing up to 1.8 k features at real time (14 Hz), a three-fold improvement over a Pentium M 1.6 GHz, and a 13-fold improvement over an ARM920T 200 MHz. The proposed architecture also consumes only 1.3% of the Pentium and 12.3% of the ARM energy per feature.

Motion Detection for Video Surveillance

This thesis is related to the broad subject of automatic motion detection and analysis in videosurveillance image sequence. Besides, proposing the new unique solution, some of the previousalgorithms are evaluated, where some of the approaches are noticeably complementary sometimes.In real time surveillance, detecting and tracking multiple objects and monitoring their activities inboth outdoor and indoor environment are challenging task for the video surveillance system. Inpresence of a good number of real time problems limits scope for this work since the beginning. Theproblems are namely, illumination changes, moving background and shadow detection.An improved background subtraction method has been followed by foreground segmentation, dataevaluation, shadow detection in the scene and finally the motion detection method. The algorithm isapplied on to a number of practical problems to observe whether it leads us to the expected solution.Several experiments are done under different challenging problem environment. Test result showsthat under most of the problematic environment, the proposed algorithm shows the better qualityresult.

Denúncia e dependência socioespacial: uma análise dos elementos da mobilização na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por meio do disque-denúncia, a partir de um modelo de regressão espacial

The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the socio-spatial distribution of the of denunciation rate. For this, it is studied association between the denunciations to Disque-Denúncia with the space position of the neighborhoods and the social characteristics in terms of the social context which can take to a greater or minor participation. The analysis will be centered in the relation between the socio-spatial variability of denunciations for 100.000 inhabitants and differences by the models of space regression and geographical representation highlighting the importance of the characteristics of the neighborhoods that generate the social context. The social configuration of a neighborhood, its space localization and its violence rate are the factors associates to the denunciation variability, which can modify its level. In relation to the space dependence of the neighborhoods, it is inferred that they are not independent. The denunciation rate of the neighborhoods is interdependent with close neighborhoods, because of the space externality. In relation to the social index of the neighborhoods, the result that we find is that the association of the denunciation rate with the percentage of elderly, the density and the average of studies of the neighborhoods exists, in other words, the levels of those are related with the levels of the denunciation rate.

Mercado secundário de títulos públicos: microestrutura, liquidez e spread de compra e venda para o mercado de LTNs no Brasil

Este trabalho está dividido em dois ensaios. O primeiro ensaio examina aspectos da liquidez do mercado secundário de títulos públicos no Brasil no período 2003 a 2006 e os determinantes do spread de compra e venda no mercado secundário de LTN - Letra do Tesouro Nacional no período 2005 a 2006. Os spreads foram calculados com base em dados diários de alta freqüência, para períodos de 30 minutos e de um dia. Em linhas gerais, a liquidez é um determinante importante no cálculo do spread. Especificamente os spreads diminuem quando os volumes ofertados aumentam. No caso dos prazos de vencimento, os spreads aumentam quando os prazos se ampliam. LTNs com prazos de vencimentos até 30 dias apresentaram spreads de 1 centavo de reais (1.89 bp) enquanto que LTNs com prazos acima de dois anos apresentaram spreads médios em torno de 54 centavos de reais (3.84 bp) para intervalos de 30 minutos e 81 centavos de reais (5.72 bp) para intervalos de um dia. Os testes econométricos foram realizados com base em um modelo apresentado por Chakravarty e Sarkar (1999) e aplicado ao mercado americano de bonds no período de 1995 e 1997. Os testes foram feitos utilizando-se a técnica do Método dos Momentos Generalizados (GMM). Os resultados confirmam o spread de compra e venda como medida importante no acompanhamento da liquidez. O segundo ensaio compara aspectos da liquidez e da microestrutura do mercado de títulos públicos em alguns paises como Brasil, Chile, México, Coréia, Singapura, Polônia e Estados Unidos. A análise utiliza algumas dimensões da microestrutura como a liquidez do mercado secundário (spread de compra e venda, giro do estoque de títulos e vencimentos mais negociados), os custos de eficiência, a estrutura e transparência do mercado primário e secundário e, por último, a segurança do mercado. O objetivo é comparar as características e o funcionamento dos mercados secundários desses paises e, confrontar com a realidade do mercado brasileiro face ao desenvolvimento da microestrutura. Apesar da falta de alongamento dos prazos dos títulos públicos, o mercado secundário no Brasil apresenta aspectos da microestrutura semelhantes aos paises em consideração o que sugere a existência de outros fatores fora a microestrutura que limitam o aumento dos prazos. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio ajudam nas comparações dos demais paises. Como resultado, encontramos que embora a liquidez do mercado secundário de títulos públicos no Brasil concentra-se em papéis de prazo menor, este fato provavelmente não se deve a questões de microestrutura do mercado.

Gestão de projetos em uma empresa pública: uma prática rumo à flexibilização : discurso ou realidade?

o presente trabalho é um estudo de caso que tem por objetivo avaliar se a implementação da prática empresarial Gestão de Projetos na empresa pública Dataprev - Empresa de Tecnologia e Informações da Previdência Social, avançou rumo à flexibilização organizacional. Demandas do contexto governamental e previdenciário na direção da adoção de modelo de gestão que viesse a privilegiar a flexibilidade organizacional na administração pública contribuíram para que, em junho de 2000, a Dataprev desse início à implementação da prática Gestão de Projetos, visando alavancar e sedimentar gestão orientada a resultados voltados, principalmente, à qualidade e prontidão dos serviços/produtos. o estudo em questão foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento documental e aplicação de questionário em gerentes patrocinadores e líderes dos projetos cadastrados no Sistema Gestão de Projetos da Empresa, no período de junho de 2000 a julho de 2003. o questionário aplicado abordou seis aspectos considerados críticos para avaliação do nível de maturidade da Gestão de Projetos segundo adaptação ao modelo de maturidade de Harold Kerzner, na direção de uma prática bem sucedida que considera como resultados competitivos prazo, custo e qualidade. Os fatores abordados e que dão sustentação a essa prática são apoio gerencial, cultura, metodologia/processos, tecnologia/ferramenta e capacitação. Considerando que o desempenho dos projetos na Dataprev, no que diz respeito ao cumprimento de prazos, não atingiu patamares elevados, impactando tanto na qualidade, quanto nos custos, e tendo em vista a ocorrência de situações próprias da gestão pública, na qual prevaleceu a descontinuidade administrativa, devido a sucessivas mudanças na direção da Empresa, limitações orçamentárias prejudicando os investimentos necessários, a cultura com predominância de relações hierárquicas e departamentalizadas e a pouca visão estratégica com foco em resultados e alinhamento às necessidades do cliente, pode-se dizer que a Dataprev avançou pouco rumo à flexibilização. Na percepção dos respondentes ao questionário há. evidências de que, quanto ao nível de maturidade, a empresa está saindo da fase embrionária para, agora, iniciar o seu processo de crescimento. Apesar de ter sido inovadora ao elaborar uma metodologia e construir uma ferramenta própria de planejamento, acompanhamento e avaliação dos projetos, não foi suficiente para garantir resultados mais exitosos. Na ausência das condições necessárias para dar sustentação à gestão tais como o necessário comprometimento por parte dos patrocinadores, de cultura voltada para a responsabilização e compartilhamento e investimento na capacitação de seus profissionais, prevaleceu por meio do controle na execução dos projetos, a cultura da nonna e do poder, reforçando posturas próprias do modelo tecnoburocrático. Hoje percebe-se na empresa que essas condições facilitadoras estão mais asseguradas, o que já torna possível a transformação do discurso em realidade e remete a uma reflexão de que Gestão de Projetos e Flexibilização Organizacional são interdependentes e, portanto, devem caminhar juntas para o alcance da eficácia organizacional. Do discurso à realidade. Atualmente a Dataprev encontra-se em processo de mudança implantando escritório de projetos, estrutura horizontalizada em uma das diretorias e construindo o seu Planejamento Estratégico Participativo 2004/2007.

Understanding e-government technology transfer: evidence from the transfer of a patent management system from EPO to INPI

Drawing upon Brazilian experience, this research explores some of the key issues to be addressed in using e-government technical cooperation designed to enhance service provision of Patent Offices in developing countries. While the development of software applications is often seen merely as a technical engineering exercise, localization and adaptation are context bounded matters that are characterized by many entanglements of human and non-humans. In this work, technical, legal and policy implications of technical cooperation are also discussed in a complex and dynamic implementation environment characterized by the influence of powerful hidden agendas associated with the arena of intellectual property (IP), which are shaped by recent technological, economic and social developments in our current knowledge-based economy. This research employs two different theoretical lenses to examine the same case, which consists of transfer of a Patent Management System (PMS) from the European Patent Office (EPO) to the Brazilian Patent Office that is locally named ‘Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial’ (INPI). Fundamentally, we have opted for a multi-paper thesis comprising an introduction, three scientific articles and a concluding chapter that discusses and compares the insights obtained from each article. The first article is dedicated to present an extensive literature review on e-government and technology transfer. This review allowed the proposition on an integrative meta-model of e-government technology transfer, which is named E-government Transfer Model (ETM). Subsequently, in the second article, we present Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a framework for understanding the processes of transferring e-government technologies from Patent Offices in developed countries to Patent Offices in developing countries. Overall, ANT is seen as having a potentially wide area of application and being a promising theoretical vehicle in IS research to carry out a social analysis of messy and heterogeneous processes that drive technical change. Drawing particularly on the works of Bruno Latour, Michel Callon and John Law, this work applies this theory to a longitudinal study of the management information systems supporting the Brazilian Patent Office restructuration plan that involved the implementation of a European Patent Management System in Brazil. Based upon the ANT elements, we follow the actors to identify and understand patterns of group formation associated with the technical cooperation between the Brazilian Patent Office (INPI) and the European Patent Office (EPO). Therefore, this research explores the intricate relationships and interactions between human and non-human actors in their attempts to construct various network alliances, thereby demonstrating that technologies embodies compromise. Finally, the third article applies ETM model as a heuristic frame to examine the same case previously studied from an ANT perspective. We have found evidence that ETM has strong heuristic qualities that can guide practitioners who are engaged in the transfer of e-government systems from developed to developing countries. The successful implementation of e-government projects in developing countries is important to stimulate economic growth and, as a result, we need to understand the processes through which such projects are being implemented and succeed. Here, we attempt to improve understanding on the development and stabilization of a complex social-technical system in the arena of intellectual property. Our preliminary findings suggest that e-government technology transfer is an inherently political process and that successful outcomes require continuous incremental actions and improvisations to address the ongoing issues as they emerge.

Publicidade em celulares utilizando o sistema de busca de perfil

ARAÚJO, B. G. ; VALENTIM, R. A. M. . Publicidade em celulares utilizando o sistema de busca de perfil. Holos, Natal,v. 1, p. 109-118, 2010. Disponível em:

Caminhos que estruturam cidades: redes técnicas de transporte sobre trilhos e a conformação intra-urbana de Natal

The railroad, from 1870 and on, becomes an usual complaining in the press s and politician elite s speeches, especially because of Natal s geographic isolation. The implantation of two railroads in the capital territory Estrada de Ferro de Natal a Nova Cruz, afterwards part of Great Western Railway Company network, and Estrada de Ferro Central do Rio Grande do Norte had serious implications in the urban environment. While railroad s structures were already consolidated, other transportation mechanisms were being implanted in the first decades of the 20th century, such as trams lines, which, by the way, was a transport modal that also used rails as a dislocation meaning. Considering these questions, we may ask: how come railroads and tramways demands, roads and buildings had influenced the internal organization of Natal? We work with the general hypothesis that the influence of technical networks, composed by tramways and railroads, over Natal s urban space happened in a diversified way, sometimes consolidating social aspects in certain areas, sometimes improving the occupation of others. The impact over the city s territory also happens in a diversified way between the buildings/railroad s complexes and the pathways. The different scale of the train in comparison to the trams velocity, size, noise level, flow, among others is also a cause to the different consequences in urban environment. The main objective of this work is to understand the role of circulation technical networks in the construction process of urban space in Natal, as a way to contribute to the urban historiography about the subject. The time frame adopted, between 1881 and 1937, marks the time path of railroads and tramways in Rio Grande do Norte: 1881 is the year of railroad s first section inauguration from Natal to São José do Mipibu as well of the railroad complex in the Republic Square in Natal; the year of 1937 marks the beginning of tramways declination process in the city. At this time railroads and tramways had to face more intensively the competition of motor vehicles. The theory reference adopted is based on concepts and analysis of authors, such as Flávio Villaça and Roberto Lobato Corrêa references to the concepts of urban structure , localization and accessibility and Gabriel Dupuy to explain the concept of urban technical networks . These references reveal the conflict of different realities in the urban universe interests and values which is an important factor about the construction of urban space. The information sources used were from two distinctive natures: primary, journals of the time studied and official government reports, and secondary, based on other works about the subject. It was also used by this study iconographic source, especially images from the data base of the research group História da Cidade, do Território e do Urbanismo .

Análise filogenética e funcional de dois genes de reparo homólogos a AP endonuclease em cana-de-açúcar: ScARP1 e ScARP3

The genome of all organisms constantly suffers the influence of mutagenic factors from endogenous and/or exogenous origin, which may result in damage for the genome. In order to keep the genome integrity there are different DNA repair pathway to detect and correct these lesions. In relation to the plants as being sessile organisms, they are exposed to this damage frequently. The Base Excision DNA Repair (BER) is responsible to detect and repair oxidative lesions. Previous work in sugarcane identified two sequences that were homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana: ScARP1 ScARP3. These two sequences were homologous to AP endonuclease from BER pathway. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize these two sequence using different approaches: phylogenetic analysis, in silico protein organelle localization and by Nicotiana tabacum transgenic plants with overexpression cassette. The in silico data obtained showed a duplication of this sequence in sugarcane and Poaceae probably by a WGD event. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed a new localization in nuclei for ScARP1 protein. The data obtained with transgenic plants showed a change in development and morphology. Transgenic plants had slow development when compared to plants not transformed. Then, these results allowed us to understand better the potential role of this sequence in sugarcane and in plants in general. More work is important to be done in order to confirm the protein localization and protein characterization for ScARP1 and ScARP3

Estudo epidemiológico das parasitoses oculares na população de escolares da cidade de Natal-RN, Brasil

The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Ocular Toxocariasis, Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN), Toxoplasma gondii infection and Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a student population in Natal-RN/Brazil and relate it to demographic, epidemiologic and socio-economic risk factors. The incidence of DUSN was observed in patients at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Ophthalmology Service and the Prontoclinica de Olhos Ophthalmology clinic in Natal. In cases where a worm was found in the subretinal space, the result of treatment with photocoagulation using Green Laser (Eye Light ALCON) was evaluated in relation to final visual result. The sample was randomly selected among the schools of the four districts of Natal, according to the type of institution (public or private), its level (elementary or secondary), and study period (morning, afternoon or evening). The school population was studied from March to May, 2001. Initially, the students answered a questionnaire to evaluate demographic, epidemiologic and socio-economic risk factors. Afterwards, the following procedures were carried out: blood samples were taken for Toxoplasmosis (IgG, IgM) serology, hemogram, ophthalmological examination, consisting of clinical history, measurement of visual acuity, refraction under cycloplegia, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and annexa, funduscopy and examination of extrinsic motility. The prevalence of Toxocariasis was 0.2% or 2 per one thousand students. The sample was insufficient to estimate the prevalence of DUSN. Seventy patients with DUSN diagnosis were examined from January, 2001 to January, 2003. A live worm was found in the subretinal space of all four patients in the acute phase, and these were treated with laser photocoagulation. After follow-up (average = 11.5 months), visual acuity improved in three eyes and remained unaltered in one eye. Worms were found in 22 of the 66 patients in the chronic phase, and these also were treated with laser photocoagulation. After a follow-up period of 13.1 months, on average, visual acuity improved in two of the patients, remained unchanged in 19 and worsened in one. The comparison of visual result before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p = 0.302). The diagnosis of DUSN in the acute phase, followed by prompt localization and destruction of the worm by photocoagulation, can improve the patient s vision. However, destruction of the worm by laser photocoagulation in eyes with DUSN in the chronic phase does not improve visual acuity. Seroprevalence for IgG was 46% (Confidence Interval CI 95%-42.9-49.2%) and for IgM it was 1.4% (CI 95% = 0.8-2.4%). The prevalence of ocular lesion was 1.15% (CI 95% = 0.6 - 2.0%). Socio-economic conditions were determinants in the prevalence of Systemic and Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the bivaried analysis and confirmed in the multivaried analysis (mother s scholarity illiterate/ OR = 2.9 and p < 0.001). The T. gondii infection prevalence, although high, was less than that found in studies performed in the South and Southeast of Brazil and that of Ocular Toxoplasmosis was completely discrepant, varying from 5 to 17 times less. Although important epidemiological variables such as owning a cat, drinking unfiltered water, and coming into contact with rivers or lakes showed an association in the preliminary analysis, they lost their influence when included in the logistic model. Future studies are scheduled to begin in March, 2004, in collaboration with other Brazilian and American universities in an attempt to discover the reason for these findings, as well as identifying the different strains of Toxoplasma gondii, and studying the sources of water utilized by the population of Natal Brazil