984 resultados para Laitinen, Kai: Aino Kallaksen mestarivuodet


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Digitoitu 23. 5. 2008.

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Äänitetty radiosta.

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Digitoitu 23. 5. 2008.

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Digitoitu 11. 10. 2007.

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Äänitetty radiosta.

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Äänitetty radiosta.

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The purpose of the thesis is to analyze whether the returns of general stock market indices of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania follow the random walk hypothesis (RWH), and in addition, whether they are consistent with the weak-form efficiency criterion. Also the existence of the day-of-the-week anomaly is examined in the same regional markets. The data consists of daily closing quotes of the OMX Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius total return indices for the sample period from January 3, 2000 to August 28, 2009. Moreover, the full sample period is also divided into two sub-periods. The RWH is tested by applying three quantitative methods (i.e. the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, serial correlation test and non-parametric runs test). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with dummy variables is employed to detect the day-of-the-week anomalies. The random walk hypothesis (RWH) is rejected in the Estonian and Lithuanian stock markets. The Latvian stock market exhibits more efficient behaviour, although some evidence of inefficiency is also found, mostly during the first sub-period from 2000 to 2004. Day-of-the-week anomalies are detected on every stock market examined, though no longer during the later sub-period.

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Atherosclerosis is a vascular inflammatory disease causing coronary artery disease, myocardial infarct and stroke, the leading causes of death in Finland and in many other countries. The development of atherosclerotic plaques starts already in childhood and is an ongoing process throughout life. Rupture of a plaque and the following occlusion of the vessel is the main reason for myocardial infarct and stroke, but despite extensive research, the prediction of rupture remains a major clinical problem. Inflammation is considered a key factor in the vulnerability of plaques to rupture. Measuring the inflammation in plaques non-invasively is one potential approach for identification of vulnerable plaques. The aim of this study was to evaluate tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of vascular inflammation. The studies were performed with a mouse model of atherosclerosis by using ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography and in vivo PET and computed tomography (CT). Several tracers for inflammation activity were tested and compared with the morphology of the plaques. Inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated as expression of active macrophages. Systematic analysis revealed that the uptake of 18F-FDG and 11C-choline, tracers for metabolic activity in inflammatory cells, was more prominent in the atherosclerotic plaques than in the surrounding healthy vessel wall. The tracer for αvβ3 integrin, 18Fgalacto- RGD, was also found to have high potential for imaging inflammation in the plaques. While 11C-PK11195, a tracer targeted to receptors in active macrophages, was shown to accumulate in active plaques, the target-to-background ratio was not found to be ideal for in vivo imaging purposes. In conclusion, tracers for the imaging of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques can be tested in experimental pre-clinical settings to select potential imaging agents for further clinical testing. 18F-FDG, 18F-galacto-RGD and 11C-choline choline have good properties, and further studies to clarify their applicability for atherosclerosis imaging in humans are warranted.

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Invocatio: [Alpha kai Omega].

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Invocatio: [Alpha kai Omega].

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Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

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Invocatio: [Alpha kai Omega].

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Asiakaskannattavuusanalyysi on johdon laskentatoimen menetelmä, jonka avulla voidaan selvittää asiakkaan todelliset kustannukset yritykselle. Analyysi toteutetaan usein toimintolaskennan avulla, jolloin laskennassa käytettävä tieto on rahamääräistä ja menneisyyteen pohjaavaa. Laskennan toteuttamisen tuloksena saadaan yksityiskohtaista tietoa kannattavuuden jakautumisesta yksittäisten asiakkaiden ja asiakassegmenttien kesken, mutta pelkän laskennan toteuttamisen lisäksi asiakaskannattavuusanalyysiin tuloksia pitää pystyä myös käsittelemään ja analysoimaan. Tätä kautta yrityksessä voidaan jäljittää kannattavuuden ja kannattamattomuuden lähteitä, sekä taustalla olevia tekijöitä. Asiakaskannattavuusanalyysin pohjalta saatuja tietoja hyödynnetään usein muun muassa hinnoittelussa, asiakkaiden segmentoinnissa, sekä palvelu- ja markkinointiresurssien allokoinnissa. Analyysin tulokset voivat vaikuttaa myös yrityksen strategiaan, sillä saatujen tulosten valossa kaikkien nykyisten asiakkaiden säilyttäminen ei välttämättä ole yritykselle kannattavaa. Asiakaskannattavuusanalyysistä saadaan siis yritykselle paljon uutta ja arvokasta tietoa, mutta menetelmällä on myös heikkoutensa: laskennalla saadut tulokset ovat menneisyyden tietoa, kun taas kaikki laskennan pohjalta tehtävä päätöksenteko on tulevaisuuteen suuntautuvaa. Pelkkä asiakaskannattavuusanalyysistä saatu tieto ei näin ollen yleensä riitä päätöksenteon pohjaksi esimerkiksi asiakkaiden liittyvässä strategisessa päätöksenteossa.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu