传统中药甘遂根中二萜类化学成分的电喷雾质谱研究

应用电喷雾多级串联质谱技术对传统中药甘遂根中的弱极性部分化学成分进行了分析鉴定,根据串联质谱数据,共鉴定出39个化合物.其中包括9个新化合物:分别为3-O-(2,3-二甲基丁酰基)-13,20-O-双十二烷酰基巨大戟萜醇(1)、3-O-(2,3-二甲基丁酰基)-13-O-癸酰基-20-O-十六烷酰基巨大戟萜醇(2)、3-O-(2,3-二甲基丁酰基)-13-O-十二烷酰基-20-O-[(9Z,12Z)-十八烷-9,12-二烯酰基]巨大戟萜醇(3)、3-O-(2,3-二甲基丁酰基)-13-O-十二烷酰基-20-O-(十八烷-9Z-烯酰基)巨大戟萜醇(4)、甘遂素I(5)、甘遂素J(6)、甘遂素K(7)、甘遂素L(8)和甘遂素M(9).

Detection of specific noncovalent protein-fullerenols complexes by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is difficult for the characterization of noncovalent complexes hitherto because of the limitations in acidic matrix, sample preparation, laser-induced polymerization and adduct formation with matrix. Under our experimental conditions, sinapinic acid is used as a matrix, the specific noncovalent interactions of protein with fullerenols were observed by MALDI mass spectrometry. Some mass spectrometric features, such as mass shifts, broad adduct peaks and stoichiometries, showed that the specific non-covalent complexes between protein and fullerenols have been formed at a ratio of 1 : 4 for hemoglobin-fullerenols or 1 : 1 for myoglobin-fullerenols. The results implied that fullereneols could be used to protect partly hemoglobin from decomposition in acidic media, and therefore, it is possible to realize the molecular weight determination of a quaternary protein by MALDI mass spectrometry via the addition of specific organic compound in the matrix.

MALDI质谱检测蛋白质与富勒醇的非共价复合物

基质辅助激光解吸电离（ＭＡＬＤＩ）质谱由于受到酸性基质、样品制备、激光诱导聚合和基质加合物的形成等条件的限制而难以用于非共价复合物的检测．本文以芥子酸为基质，观察到蛋白质与富勒醇的特殊相互作用，一些质谱特征，如质量数迁移、宽的加合峰和定量结合比表明，在蛋白质和富勒醇之间形成了特殊的非共价复合物．其中，血红蛋白与富勒醇的结合比是１∶４，而肌红蛋白与富勒醇的结合比是１∶１．实验结果表明：富勒醇可用来保护血红蛋白，有在酸性介质中防止其分解的作用．因此，通过在基质组份中添加特性有机化合物保护被测样品，有可能实现用ＭＡＬＤＩ质谱测定四级结构蛋白质的分子量

An ultramicroelectrode study of ferrocene diffusion and heterogeneous electron transfer rate in polyelectrolyte

Steady-state voltammograms at a microdisk electrode are used to measure the diffusion coefficient (D) and standard heterogeneous rate constant (k(s)) of ferrocene in polyelectrolyte PEG.MClO(4). The diffusion coefficient and standard heterogeneous rate constant of ferrocene are both smaller in polymer solvents than in monomeric solvents. The D and k(s) of ferrocene have been estimated in PEG containing different concentrations and cations of supporting electrolytes, and the dependencies of D and k(s) on temperature have been observed. These results show that the D and k(s) of ferrocene increase with increasing temperature in polyelectrolyte, and with increasing cation radius of supporting electrolyte, eg D and k(s) increase in the order Bu(4)NClO(4) > NaClO4 > LiClO4. On the other hand, D and k(s) increase with decreasing concentration of supporting electrolyte. The dependence of the half-wave potential (E(1/2)) on the concentration of the supporting electrolyte is also observed. E(1/2) shifts in the negative direction as the concentration of supporting electrolyte increases. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON CRYSTALLINITY AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF ULTRAHIGH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been irradiated (0-40 Mrad) with a Co-60 source at room temperature under vacuum. The crystallinity has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The mechanical properties have been determined at room temperature. A significant increase of heat of fusion can be seen at low irradiation doses, which is attributed to crystallization, caused by chain scission during the process of irradiation. It is also observed that the thickness of the lamellae changes with irradiation dose. The Young's modulus has been improved significantly after irradiation at low doses. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Periodical mixing of MORB magmas near East Pacific Rise 13N: evidence from modeling and zoned plagioclase phenocrysts

Thirty-six basalt samples from near East Pacific Rise 13N are analyzed for major and trace elements. Different types of zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts are also backscatter imaged, and major element profiles scanned and analyzed for microprobe. Basalts dredged from a restricted area have evolved to different extents (MgO=9.38wt%-6.76wt%). High MgO basalts are modeled for crystallization to MgO of about 7wt%, and resulted in the Ni contents (28 ppm) that are generally lower than that in observed basalts (> 60 ppm). It suggests that low MgO basalts may have experienced more intensive magma mixing. High MgO (9.38wt%) basalt is modeled for self-"mixing-crystallization", and the high Ni contents in low MgO basalts can be generated in small scale and periodical self-mixing of new magma (high MgO). "Mixing-crystallization" processes that low MgO magmas experienced accord with recent 226Ra/230Th disequilibria studies for magma residence time, in which low MgO magmas have experienced more circles of "mixing-crystallization" in relatively longer residence time. Magma mixing is not homogeneous in magma chamber, however, low MgO magmas are closer to stable composition produced by periodical "mixing-crystallization", which is also an important reason for magma diversity in East Pacific Rise. Zoned plagioclase phenocrysts can be divided into two types: with and without high An# cores, both of which have multiple reversed An# zones, suggesting periodical mixing of their host magmas. Cores of zoned plagioclase in low MgO (7.45wt%) basalt differ significantly with their mantle in An#, but are similar in An# with microlite cores (products of equilibrium crystallization) in high MgO (9.38wt%) basalt, which further shows that plagioclase phenocryst cores in low MgO basalts may have formed in their parental magmas before entering into the magma chamber.

Characterization of a homogeneous taxonomic group of marine magnetotactic cocci within a low tide zone in the China Sea

Magnetotactic bacteria are a heterologous group of motile prokaryotes, ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. Here, we studied the diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in a seawater pond within an intertidal zone at Huiquan Bay in the China Sea. The pond is composed of a permanently submerged part and a low tide subregion. The magnetotactic bacteria collected from the permanently submerged part display diversity in morphology and taxonomy. In contrast, we found a virtually homogenous population of ovoid-coccoid magnetotactic bacteria in the low tide subregion of the pond. They were bilophotrichously flagellated and exhibited polar magnetotactic behaviour. Almost all cells contained two chains of magnetosomes composed of magnetite crystals. Intriguingly, the combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing of cloned 16S rDNA genes from the low tide subregion samples as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the presence of a homogenous population. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Qingdao Huiquan low tide magnetotactic bacteria belong to a new genus affiliated with the alpha-subclass of Proteobacteria. This finding suggests the adaptation of the magnetotactic bacterial population to the marine tide.

机器人运动学逆的数值迭代法

本文针对一类无封闭解的机器人运动学逆问题构造了一个一维非线性方程。从而将机器人运动学逆问题对6个关节变量的数值迭代求解转化为一维非线性方程求根的问题。从而提高了计算速度。经对JRS—80点焊机器人的应用,证明了该方法的可靠性与实用性。

烟厂MIS中成本核算子系统实现时的几个重要问题

针对工厂企业中用微机实现管理信息系统(MIS)时,数据量大与数据处理速度慢、存储空间小之间的矛盾,本文论述了在不更新设备和不增加投资的条件下如何用软件方法来解决问题.在延吉卷烟厂成本核算子系统中的实践结果是:数据处理速度可提高到原来的2.24倍,所节省的存储空间相当于目前实际占用数的56%.

岩溶生态系统脆弱性研究

生态系统的脆弱性评价对于生态系统管理具有重要作用。在分析岩溶生态系统脆弱性特征和影响因素的基础上, 构建了针对岩溶自然系统的脆弱性评价指标体系, 涵盖了岩溶生态系统的结构脆弱性、生态过程脆弱性、生态功能脆弱性和人为胁迫脆弱性4 个方面, 评价指标分别是结构稳定性、多样性生境、能量利用和积累、直接使用价值、石漠化程度和速率等。以不同类型的原生岩溶生态系统的生态基准值作为比较基础, 评价系统将现有的退化岩溶生态系统的脆弱性划分为轻微脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱以及系统崩溃4 级。

不可提取态有机质对菲和萘的吸附过程的影响

土壤对疏水性有机污染物的吸附实际上是土壤中矿物和有机质两部分共同作用的结果。土壤有机质的作用相当重要，因为与矿物相比，它通常对疏水性有机污染物具有较大的热力学亲合力。因此，土壤吸附有机污染物机理的研究主要是从土壤有机质的角度进行的。土壤有机质组成复杂，主要包括非特异性有机质和腐殖质，其中腐殖质约占有机质总量的50％-80％，包括胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素。早期的实验研究认为疏水性有机污染物在土壤有机质相中表现为线性分配，可以用平衡分配系数来描述。但是，随着实验研究的深入，平衡分配模型不能合理解释疏水性有机污染物的一些吸附特征，如非线性吸附、溶质竞争吸附以及解吸过程的滞后现象等。后来，Weber和Huang提出土壤吸附有机污染物的三端元模型。同时Pignatello和Xing提出双模式吸附模型。都认为土壤有机质存在明显的不均匀性，并且提出了“软碳”与“硬碳”的概念.

Analysis of the elements of catabolite repression in Clostridium acetobutylicum.

The ptsH gene, encoding the phosphotransferase protein HPr, from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was identified from the genome sequence, cloned and shown to complement a ptsH mutant of Escherichia coli. The deduced protein sequence shares significant homology with HPr proteins from other low-GC gram-positive bacteria, although the highly conserved sequence surrounding the Ser-46 phosphorylation site is not well preserved in the clostridial protein. Nevertheless, the HPr was phosphorylated in an ATP-dependent manner in cell-free extracts of C. acetobutylicum. Furthermore, purified His-tagged HPr from Bacillus subtilis was also a substrate for the clostridial HPr kinase/phosphorylase. This phosphorylation reaction is a key step in the mechanism of carbon catabolite repression proposed to operate in B. subtilis and other low-GC gram-positive bacteria. Putative genes encoding the HPr kinase/phosphorylase and the other element of this model, namely the catabolite control protein CcpA, were identified from the C. acetobutylicum genome sequence, suggesting that a similar mechanism of carbon catabolite repression may operate in this industrially important organism.