Manual de técnicas y procedimientos de auditoría y el seguimiento a las acciones correctivas, con base a la normativa internacional ISO 9001 para las empresas que se dedican a prestar servicios educativos.

El manual que se propone en el trabajo presentado, brinda continuidad y énfasis a la cultura organizacional de calidad que caracteriza a las empresas certificadas con Norma ISO 9001:2000, considerando la calidad como un elemento de movilidad continua, es decir, siempre requiere de monitoreo y control para brindar conformidad a la misma. Este trabajo considera la interrelación de recursos técnicos, prácticos, elementos de eficacia y de efectividad. Se pretende brindar un manual que contenga los elementos necesarios y prácticos para el desarrollo de una auditoría a los sistemas de gestión de calidad, por lo cual se incluyen los programas principales que contiene una auditoría que aplique un examen integral a los principales requisitos que exigen las ISO 9001 y que de manera continua evalúe, no solamente la conformidad con los criterios aceptados, sino también que involucre los reglamentos normativos aplicables a las empresa que brindan servicios educativos, de tal forma que se presente una razonable seguridad sobre la correcta aplicación de los mismos. Es de vital importancia considerar que el elemento calidad es un aspecto, hasta cierto punto subjetivo y no cuantitativo, pero que, sin embargo, se concretiza con los resultados al final de un proceso arduo y continuo, que brinda satisfacción tanto a los clientes de las empresas, a las empresas, así como también al personal mismo en la institución, sin el cual no se lograrían los objetivos propuestos. Para llevar a cabo el manual que se presenta, fue necesario realizar una serie de actividades, que se concretizan en cuatro capítulos que contiene este documento. En el capítulo I se presenta el marco teórico sobre auditoría, sistemas de gestión de calidad y Auditoría de calidad, los cuales resultan de suma importancia a fin de sustentar apropiadamente el manual propuesto. En cada una de éstas variables se consideran sus generalidades, la identificación de sus conceptos, su clasificación, las características, hechos históricos sobre los mismos, entre otros elementos considerados. En el capítulo II se desarrolla el contenido de la investigación de campo que sirvió de justificación para la propuesta del manual. Dicha investigación se llevó a cabo en el área metropolitana de San Salvador, y considerando una población de empresas que hasta ese momento se identificaban como certificadas por CONACYT (Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología), ente regulador de las mismas. Este capítulo incluye generalidades de la investigación, los objetivos de la investigación, la justificación, la metodología, la tabulación de la encuesta realizada y el análisis de la información recolectada. En el capítulo III se presenta, la propuesta del “MANUAL DE TÉCNICAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE AUDITORÍA Y EL SEGUIMIENTO A LAS ACCIONES CORRECTIVAS, CON BASE A LA NORMATIVA INTERNACIONAL ISO 9001 PARA LAS EMPRESAS QUE SE DEDICAN A PRESTAR SERVICIOS EDUCATIVOS”. Dicho manual constituye una herramienta que facilita la realización de la auditoría, q u e es un elemento vital para la consecución de los objetivos, pues identifica oportunidades de mejora, realiza examen oportuno y enfatiza una seguridad en la calidad de los servicios educativos brindados. En el capítulo IV se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones que surgieron como resultado de la investigación de campo realizada en las empresas que brindan servicios educativos y que se encuentran certificadas con la Norma ISO 9001. Para finalizar se detalla las fuentes bibliográficas que se consultaron para realizar la investigación.

Zertifizierung des Qualitätsmanagements im Bildungssektor nach DIN EN ISO 9001 : Die Hochschule als Dienstleistungsunternehmen

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit war es, die Anwendbarkeit der DIN EN ISO 9001 Anforderungen auf Hochschulen als Dienstleistungsunternehmen zu überprüfen. Dafür wurde das Qualitätsmanagementsystem der Hochschule Anhalt untersucht und bezüglich einer Zertifizierung kontrolliert. Zunächst erfolgte eine Recherche der theoretischen Grundlagen eines Dienstleistungsunternehmens. Hierbei wurden als erstes Begriffe und Rahmenbedingungen definiert und erklärt. Weiter wurden Dienstleistungsmerkmale einer Hochschule identifiziert. Anschließend wurde das Qualitätsmanagement an Hochschulen behandelt. Nach der grundlegenden Erläuterung verschiedener Ansätze von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen, Begriffsdefinitionen, dem Hervorheben von Zielen und positiven Effekten sowie Grundlagen und Erfolgsfaktoren, wurde speziell das Qualitätsmanagement nach DIN EN ISO 9001 betrachtet. Das Hauptaugenmerk in diesem Teil der Arbeit gilt der historischen Entwicklung und dem Darlegen der Grundsätze. Der letzte Teil beschäftigt sich mit dem Qualitätsmanagementsystem der Hochschule Anhalt und den Maßnahmen zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen der DIN EN ISO 9001. In einem abschließenden Fazit wird die Arbeit nochmal einmal kurz zusammengefasst, Verbesserungsvorschläge und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Herausforderungen gegeben.

Sustainability Evaluation of Green Building Certification Systems

The attention on green building is driven by the desire to reduce a building’s running cost over its entire life cycle. However, with the use of sustainable technologies and more environmentally friendly products in the building sector, the construction industry contributes significantly to sustainable actions of our society. Different certification systems have entered the market with the aim to measure a building’s sustainability. However, each system uses its own set of criteria for the purpose of rating. The primary goal of this study is to identify a comprehensive set of criteria for the measurement of building sustainability, and therefore to facilitate the comparison of existing rating methods. The collection and analysis of the criteria, identified through a comprehensive literature review, has led to the establishment of two additional categories besides the 3 pillars of sustainability. The comparative analyses presented in this thesis reveal strengths and weaknesses of the chosen green building certification systems - LEED, BREEAM, and DGNB.

EQUASS Assurance Certification: The View of Pioneer Adopters

Purpose – The paper examines from a practitioner’s perspective the European Quality in Social Services (EQUASS) Assurance standard, a certification programme for European social service organisations to implement a sector-specific Quality Management System. In particular, it analyses the adoption motives, the internalisation of the standard, the impacts, the satisfaction and the renew intentions. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey methodology. From the 381 organisations emailed, 196 responses coming from eight different European countries were considered valid (51.4%). Data from closed-ended questions were analysed using simple descriptive statistical techniques. Content analysis was employed to analyse practitioner’s comments to open-ended questions. Findings – It shows that social service providers typically implement the certification for internal reasons, and internalise EQUASS principles and practices in daily usage. EQUASS Assurance produces benefits mainly at the operational and customer levels, whereas its main pitfalls include increased workload and bureaucracy. The majority of respondents (85.2%) are very satisfied or satisfied with the certification, suggesting that it meets their expectations. Certification renewal intentions are also high but some respondents report that the final decision depends on several factors. The insights gained through the qualitative data are also described. Practical implications – It can be helpful to managers, consultants and Local License Holders working (or planning to work) with this standard. It can inform the work of the EQUASS Technical Working Group in the forthcoming revision of the standard. Originality/value – This is the largest survey conducted so far about EQUASS Assurance in terms of number of respondents, participating countries and topics covered.

Q certification and tourist satisfaction in the Spanish hotels

Spain has been working on improving the competitiveness of its tourist destinations, focusing on the quality of the service. This paper analyzes whether the efforts made by the tourism establishment to achieve the Q brand are perceived by their guests in a general way or in a particular dimension of the service. Statistical contrasts of mean differences are performed to evaluate if the score of a Q hotel is greater than that of a non-Q hotel. The results show that the Q brand is related to the satisfaction of the customer in a different way according the analyzed dimension.

A Importância da Certificação na melhoria contínua da gestão municipal: o caso da ISO 9001

A adoção de ferramentas de gestão na Administração Pública é, hoje em dia, um procedimento comum da nova gestão pública, em particular na gestão autárquica. A mudança organizacional que se tem assistido no setor público e a aproximação da sua gestão a modelos de gestão comummente usados no setor privado, têm permitido uma mudança de paradigma do “serviço público” para que a mesma se encontre “ao serviço do público”. Tal mudança, tem-se traduzido numa maior e efetiva procura da melhoria contínua dos serviços prestados e da satisfação dos cidadãos. O trabalho apresentado pretende realçar o potencial da norma NP1 EN2 ISO 9001:2008 – Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ), adiante designada por ISO 9001, na melhoria contínua dos municípios Portugueses que a ela recorrem para a implementação e certificação de SGQ. Esta norma tem sido adotada por alguns municípios Portugueses como ferramenta de gestão válida na indução de melhoria no seu desempenho, sendo objetivo desta dissertação identificar quais as principais áreas que poderão ser alvo de melhoria, em resultado deste processo, numa amostra de municípios certificados. A identificação destas áreas, mediante a construção de uma tipologia que agrupa situações identificadas em auditoria que carecem de melhoria, permitirá tornar visível algumas das principais fragilidades do desempenho destes municípios, traduzindo-se numa mais-valia para a elaboração de estudos futuros que visem o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de trabalho que possam colmatar estas mesmas fragilidades. Os resultados desta dissertação apontam para uma maior fragilidade em áreas como a gestão das infraestruturas municipais, a gestão das atividades municipais, e a gestão da informação gerada que suporte a decisão, o que importará uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre as práticas de gestão adotadas na Administração Pública Local.

Factores de éxito en el programa de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) para el sector salud, aplicación de la norma ISO 26000 en la IPS Fundación Cardio Infantil

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar los factores de éxito del programa de Responsabilidad Social de la Fundación Cardioinfantil, teniendo en cuenta que esta institución se ha convertido en un referente de compromiso social y sostenibilidad en el sector salud y en las instituciones de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Para alcanzar este objetivo se realizaron visitas y se aplicó un instrumento en la Fundación Cardioinfantil y en cuatro instituciones más del mismo nivel de atención en las ciudades de Bogotá, Cali y Medellín, donde generosamente aportaron información acerca del desarrollo de sus programas de Responsabilidad Social y de la aplicación de los tópicos contenidos en la ISO 26000 dentro de sus instituciones. Así mismo dentro de la Fundación Cardioinfantil se realizó una entrevista con la persona encargada de desarrollar el programa, quien manifestó los detalles del funcionamiento de este y los esfuerzos realizados para lograr la diferenciación en el sector salud. A través de este recorrido por las diferentes instituciones de salud consultadas y de la investigación realizada en la fundación Cardioinfantil se realizó una matriz DOFA que nos reveló la falta de comunicación en las mejoras realizadas en las diferentes organizaciones de salud, una vez han detectado las fallas en inherentes a su actuación con los grupos de interés. La adopción de estándares internacionales para la gobernanza y aplicación de los programas de RSE aún es incipiente en el sector salud en general. También es posible resaltar el hecho de que programas de RSE desarrollados a nivel de la fundación Cardioinfantil evolucionan hacia la innovación en la calidad de la atención y la trasformación de sus organizaciones hacia la mejora continua.

Acreditação de ensaios do laboratório de análises de sementes da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo pelo ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

2008

Acreditação de ensaios do laboratório de análises de sementes da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo pelo ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

2008

A Preliminary Assessment of Aqueous Ethanol Pulping of Bagasse: the Ecopulp Process

SRI has examined the organosolv (organic solvation) pulping of Australian bagasse using technology supplied by Ecopulp. In the process, bagasse is reacted with aqueous ethanol in a digester at elevated temperatures (between 150ºC and 200ºC). The products from the digester are separated using proprietary technology before further processing into a range of saleable products. Test trials were undertaken using two batch digesters; the first capable of pulping about 25 g of wet depithed bagasse and the second, larger samples of about 1.5 kg of wet depithed bagasse. From this study, the unbleached pulp produced from fresh bagasse did not have very good strength properties for the production of corrugated medium for cartons and bleached pulp. In particular, the lignin contents as indicated by the Kappa number for the unbleached pulps are high for making bleached pulp. However, in spite of the high lignin content, it is possible to bleach the pulp to acceptable levels of brightness up to 86.6% ISO. The economics were assessed for three tier pricing (namely low, medium and high price). The economic return for a plant that produces 100 air dry t/d of brownstock pulp is satisfactory for both high and medium pricing levels of pricing. The outcomes from the project justify that work should continue through to either pilot plant or upgraded laboratory facility.

That's how it was, this is how it is

Research Background : Young people with negative experiences of mainstream education often display low levels of traditional literacy. These young people tend to display considerable cultural and social resources developed through their repeated experiences of adversity. Education research has a duty to provide these young people with opportunities to showcase, assess and translate their social and cultural resources into symbolic forms of capital. This creative work addresses the following research question. How can educators encourage disengaged youth to showcase their social and cultural capital through non-traditional literacy practices?----- Research Contribution : This DVD production of a music video affords the young participants opportunities to display their artistic, technical, social and cultural resources through a popular cultural format. In doing so it requires education institutions to assess alternative student outputs that demonstrate the skills these young people acquire as they re-engage in flexible learning environments. The new knowledge derived from this research centres on the retention and certification benefits for disengaged young people using popular culture and social enterprise as authentic learning activities.----- Research Significance : This research is significant because it aims to maximise the number of tangible outcomes related to a school-based arts project. The young participants gained technical, artistic, social and commercial skills during this project. The video sold at numerous youth festivals in SE QLD. It was distributed and downloaded via creative commons licences at the Australian Creative Resource Archive. It also contributed to their certified qualifications and acted as pilot research data for two competitively funded ARC grants (DP0209421 & LP0883643)

Interoperable Standards Development : Final Report

Since 1995 the buildingSMART International Alliance for Interoperability (buildingSMART)has developed a robust standard called the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). IFC is an object oriented data model with related file format that has facilitated the efficient exchange of data in the development of building information models (BIM). The Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation has contributed to the international effort in the development of the IFC standard and specifically the reinforced concrete part of the latest IFC 2x3 release. Industry Foundation Classes have been endorsed by the International Standards Organisation as a Publicly Available Specification (PAS) under the ISO label ISO/PAS 16739. For more details, go to http://www.tc184- sc4.org/About_TC184-SC4/About_SC4_Standards/ The current IFC model covers the building itself to a useful level of detail. The next stage of development for the IFC standard is where the building meets the ground (terrain) and with civil and external works like pavements, retaining walls, bridges, tunnels etc. With the current focus in Australia on infrastructure projects over the next 20 years a logical extension to this standard was in the area of site and civil works. This proposal recognises that there is an existing body of work on the specification of road representation data. In particular, LandXML is recognised as also is TransXML in the broader context of transportation and CityGML in the common interfacing of city maps, buildings and roads. Examination of interfaces between IFC and these specifications is therefore within the scope of this project. That such interfaces can be developed has already been demonstrated in principle within the IFC for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) project. National road standards that are already in use should be carefully analysed and contacts established in order to gain from this knowledge. The Object Catalogue for the Road Transport Sector (OKSTRA) should be noted as an example. It is also noted that buildingSMART Norway has submitted a proposal

Australian nursing informatics competency project

A study of Australian nurses on their use of information technology in the workplace was undertaken by the Australian Nursing Federation (ANF) in 2007. This study of over 4000 nurses highlighted that nurses recognise benefits to adopting more information technology in the workplace although there are significant barriers to their use. It also identified gross deficits in the capacity of the nursing workforce to engage in the digital processing of information. Following the release of the study last year, the ANF commenced work on a number of key recommendations from the report in order to overcome identified barriers and provide opportunities for nurses to better utilise information technology and information management systems. One of these recommendations was to seek research funding to develop national information technology and information management competency standards for nurses. This project has now received Federal Government funding to undertake this development. This project is being developed in collaboration with the ANF and the Queensland University of Technology. This paper will discuss the methodology, development and publication of the Australian Nursing Informatics Competency Standards Project which is currently underway and due for completion in May 2009. The Australian Nursing Informatics Competencies will be presented at the conference.

Definition of airworthiness categories for civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

This paper introduces a novel strategy for the specification of airworthiness certification categories for civil unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The risk-based approach acknowledges the fundamental differences between the risk paradigms of manned and unmanned aviation. The proposed airworthiness certification matrix provides a systematic and objective structure for regulating the airworthiness of a diverse range of UAS types and operations. An approach for specifying UAS type categories is then discussed. An example of the approach, which includes the novel application of data-clustering algorithms, is presented to illustrate the discussion.

Chemical functionalities of high and low sulfur Australian coals : a case study using micro attenuated total reflectance–fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectrometry

The macerals in bituminous coals with varying organic sulfur content from the Early Permian Greta Coal Measures at three locations (Southland Colliery, Drayton Colliery and the Cranky Corner Basin), in and around the Sydney Basin (Australia), have been studied using light-element electron microprobe (EMP) analysis and micro-ATR–FTIR. Electron microprobe analysis of individual macerals reveals that the vitrinite in both the Cranky Corner Basin and Drayton Colliery (Puxtrees seam) samples have similar carbon contents (ca. 78% C in telocollinite), suggesting that they are of equivalent rank. However, the Cranky Corner coals have anomalously low vitrinite reflectance (down to 0.45%) vs. the Drayton materials (ca. 0.7%). They also have very high organic S content (3–6.5%) and lower O content (ca. 10%) than the equivalent macerals in the Drayton sample (0.7% S and 15.6% O). A study was carried out to investigate the impacts of the high organic S on the functional groups of the macerals in these two otherwise iso-rank, stratigraphically-equivalent seams. An iso-rank low-S coal from the overlying Wittingham Coal Measures near Muswellbrook and coals of slightly higher rank from the Greta Coal Measures at Southland Colliery near Cessnock were also evaluated using the same techniques to extend the data set. Although the telocollinite in the Drayton and Cranky Corner coals have very similar carbon content (ca.78% C), the ATR–FTIR spectra of the vitrinite and inertinite macerals in these respectively low S and high S coals show some distinct differences in IR absorbance from various aliphatic and aromatic functional groups. The differences in absorbance of the aliphatic stretching bands (2800–3000 cm−1) and the aromatic carbon (CC) peak at 1606 cm−1 are very obvious. Compared to that of the Drayton sample (0.7% S and 15% O), the telocollinite of the Cranky Corner coal (6% S and 10% O) clearly shows: (i) less absorbance from OH groups, represented by a broad region around 3553 cm−1, (ii) much stronger aliphatic C–H absorbance (stretching modes around 3000–2800 cm−1 and bending modes around 1442 cm−1) and (iii) less absorbance from aromatic carbon functional groups (peaking at 1606 cm−1). Evaluation of the iso-rank Drayton and Cranky Corner coals shows that: (i) the aliphatic C–H absorbances decrease with increasing oxygen content but increase with increasing organic S content and (ii) the aromatic H to aliphatic H ratio (Har/Hali) for the telocollinite increases with (organic) O%, but decreases progressively with increasing organic S. The high organic S content in the maceral appears to be accompanied by a greater proportion of aliphatic functional groups, possibly as a result of some of the O within maceral ring structures in the high S coal samples being replaced.