Diagn��stico de qualidade ambiental em unidades de conserva����o: o caso do Parque Estadual Vit��rio Piassa

Over time, humanity began to realize the negative impact that the modern world has caused to the environment. The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest biomes in biodiversity, covering more than 60% of all species on the planet. This biome covered about 15% of the Brazilian territory, leaving currently only 7% of its fully fragmented forest remnants. This was the biome that suffered most from modernization and strong anthropogenic pressures in Brazil. For the account of environmental degradation, in the second half of the nineteenth century there was a shift in thinking, giving greater emphasis on conservation of some natural landscapes, with the intention of removing the man still preserved nature. Based on American models of conservation there were created the Nature Conservation Units. This study aimed to analyze the environmental quality of the State Park Vit��rio Piassa, a Conservation Unit located in the city of Pato Branco - PR. The environmental quality was measured by use of bio-indicators and some environmental pressures that the Park has suffered over the years also were identified. Beetles of the familiy Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were used as the bioindicators. To compare the most conserved areas and the most degraded areas of the Park, three specific sites were defined within the Atlantic Forest fragment, these insects were captured with pitfall traps and identified as to their species and genera. There were two collections in February and March 2015, which resulted in 945 individuals in 22 species and nine different genus. Then the population of beetles in each area were classified based on ecological measures such as species richness, abundance of individuals of each species through diversity index (Shannon and Simpson) to identify the differences between the sampled groups and equitability (Pielou) to measure the distribution of the total abundance of the species in each area. To meet the objective of identifying the environmental pressures that occur in PEVP, evidence were collected through photographs, watching the field, aerial images and conversations with the resident population in the park. Similarly, if made relevant to build on the project running by the municipality for the construction of infrastructure for public viewing. These data served as subsidies to confront the current situation of the park and the current Brazilian legislation for UC's of full protection, highlighting the existing socio-environmental conflicts in the park, involving political issues and the proximity of the Conservation Unit with the urban area of the city.

Tissue and cell's trafficking: a byproduct of transplant activity's trash. The future is now. A Public Health problem

Transplantation is one of the most beautiful achievements for humanity in the last century and became the last hope to many patients. As other beautiful achievements, it has been used by criminals. The future of transplantation will be focused on tissue and cells transplantation. Trafficking of human beings to organ removal and trafficking of human organs are an early stage of trafficking on tissues and cells comparable with slaves trafficking in the 17th and 18th century. As 400 years ago, the motive for the crime is development, economy and profit. Transplant surgery is the modern ���cotton gin��� to this new commerce. Poverty exploitation, unprotected people, are always the victims. Even so, there are some differences since then. The paying buyers are the patients themselves and the ���cotton��� transplanted is not so harmless. Unsafe tissues and cells inappropriately collected and allocated can be so dangerous to the recipient and his family, that the dreamed transplant/implant becomes a nightmare. Beyond the trafficking crime, there is a most dangerous associated crime that is the crime of spreading dangerous infectious diseases.

Le pilocentrisme de la France d���Ancien R��gime : ��volution des repr��sentations de la pilosit�� de Fran��ois 1er �� Louis XVI

Th��se r��alis��e en cotutelle avec la direction de Jean-Jacques Courtine �� l'Universit�� de Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle sous la discipline anthropologie et avec la direction de Dominique Deslandres �� l'Universit�� de Montr��al sous la discipline histoire

STUDY ON THE USE AND QUALITY OF INFORMATION BY INTERNET DOCUMENTARY OF STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, COSTA RICA: CASE LABORATORY LIBRARY ROOM Joaquin Garcia Monge

It is no secret that computer services came to revolutionize the world. More than a service, have since become an indispensable tool for humanity, because they simplify and make life easier in many of his orders, through its various support options. These advances are added Internet services, so that by the mid 1980's assessed the need for such a research tool in order to apply it in various fields of human knowledge.This research, based on the use and quality of documentary information from the Internet, with application to the students of the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, if the Library Board Laboratory Joaquin Garcia Monge, develops in the form of theses.

IRANIAN EMBASSY AND AYANDEH CULTURAL CENTER ( EMBASSY OF THE FUTURE)

This thesis began with the assertion that future embassies will differ significantly from past and current embassies. Embassy of the Future is a place where people of two (or more) countries come together to learn and share their ideologies, perspectives, dictions and ultimately their humanity. Unlike the traditional embassy model where the focus is on representing the foreign country���s political and legal standing, this thesis asserts that future embassies will focus on representing cultural exchanges while promoting economic and cultural cooperation. In this new embassy model political and security matters should not dominate the cultural and humanitarian matters. This thesis is exploring a proposal for the establishment of an Iranian Embassy in Washington D.C. The goal is to promote the Embassy of the Future concept through an attempt at utilizing an architectural structure to be the convening place for reconnecting and resolving conflicts between Iran and the U.S. It has been 36 years since both countries closed their embassies in one another���s countries.

Utiliza����o de plantas medicinais no tratamento de feridas : perfil do stryphnodendron barbatiman

Introdu����o ��� O recurso �� utiliza����o de plantas com fins terap��uticos, �� uma das mais antigas formas de pr��tica medicinal da humanidade, sobretudo por parte da popula����o de pa��ses menos desenvolvidos, que ainda hoje, segundo a Organiza����o Mundial de Sa��de, recorre, em muitas situa����es, �� utiliza����o das plantas medicinais como a ��nica forma de acesso aos cuidados b��sicos de sa��de. Por��m, e apesar do advento da medicina moderna, que se correndo do avan��o da biotecnologia, por meio da qual as plantas, consideradas medicinais, podem ter seu potencial terap��utico aprovado pela ci��ncia para fins medicamentosos, uma parte significativa da comercializa����o de plantas medicinais continua a n��o ser feita em farm��cias ou lojas de produtos naturais, mas sim comercializadas em feiras livres, pelos chamados raizeiros. Partindo deste enquadramento, os objetivos centrais desta investiga����o foram: identificar quais as esp��cies de plantas medicinais mais indicadas por comerciantes, raizeiros, no tratamento de feridas e que s��o comercializadas nas mais importantes feiras livres da cidade de Macei��, e caracterizar a fonte de conhecimento desses raizeiros, em rela����o ��s mesmas. M��todos ��� Realizou-se um estudo que seguiu os pressupostos de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de matriz transversal, com recurso a uma amostra n��o probabil��stica, acidental e por conveni��ncia constitu��da por 26 raizeiros, na sua maioria pertencentes ao do grupo et��rio dos 37-52 anos (46,14%), que desenvolvem a atividade comercial de plantas medicinais como sua ��nica e/ou principal atividade produtiva (76,90%), e em que 50% s��o do sexo feminino. Como instrumento de recolha de dados recorreu-se �� entrevista, a partir de convites efectuados pela autora do estudo na sequ��ncia da realiza����o de visitas ��s principais feiras livres da cidade de Macei��-AL. Resultados ��� Os dados recolhidos pela totalidade das entrevistas permitiram constatar que o barbatim��o (Stryphnodendron barbatiman) �� a planta mais frequentemente indicada para o tratamento em feridas, logo seguida da Aroeira (MyracrodruonurundeuvaL��mina), e da Sambacait�� (Hyptis pectinata). As menos recomendadas s��o a Garra do Diabo (Harpagophytum procubens); a Jatob�� (Hymenae acourbaril L.) e a Babosa (Aloe arborescens). A maioria dos raizeiros afirmaram tamb��m que recomendavam a ���casca��� e a ���entre casca��� como a forma farmac��utica mais eficaz. Em rela����o �� aprendizagem/ conhecimento sobre a utiliza����o medicinal do barbatim��o (Stryphnodendron barbatiman): 69,3% dos raizeiros entrevistados afirmaram ter aprendido com familiares; 19,2 com amigos e 11,5% atrav��s de conversas com outros comerciantes do mesmo ramo de neg��cio. Cem por cento dos entrevistados afirmaram que o Stryphnodendron barbatiman, independetemente de ser a planta mais recomendada pelos raizeiros, �� a planta mais procurada pela popula����o e, que segundo a mesma, �� a que apresenta um melhor resultado. Apenas 50% dos entrevistados refere que o barbatim��o �� armazenado seco e ensacado, e quanto questionados sobre a validade do mesmo, 69,3% dos raizeiros afirmaram que esse prazo �� indeterminado. Quanto �� dura����o da ���terapia��� pelo barbatim��o, 100% dos raizeiros entrevistados, afirmaram que deve permanecer durante o tempo que o paciente ou o profissional de sa��de que estiver acompanhando o caso, julgar necess��rio. Conclus��es ��� Os resultados deste estudo v��m confirmar que o recurso �� utiliza����o de plantas com fins terap��uticos no tratamento de feridas, por parte da popula����o brasileira, continua sendo muito usual, sendo o barbatim��o (Stryphnodendron barbatimam) o mais indicado e conhecido pela cultura popular. Nesse sentido �� relevante que, por um lado, o profissional de enfermagem, procure entender a utiliza����o dessa planta medicinal, popularmente utilizada, com afirmativa de ��xito, no tratamento de feridas, e por outro, entendemos ser necess��ria a realiza����o de estudos multidisciplinares que permitam a amplia����o e a profundidade dos conhecimentos das plantas medicinais, como agem, quais s��o os seus efeitos t��xicos e colaterais, e quais as suas verdadeiras indica����es terap��uticas. Palavras-chave: Plantas Medicinais, Ferimentos e les��es, Tratamento, Enfermagem, Raizeiros.

Cen��rio evolutivo da educa����o ambiental para o desenvolvimento sustent��vel no mundo: etapas e promotores

Desde a publica����o do livro Silent Spring, 1962, de Rachel Carson, do livro The Limits to Growth, 1972, do Clube de Roma e do impacto provocado pelo Relat��rio Brundtland, Our Common Future, 1987, pela World Commission on Environment and Development, que os organismos internacionais se envolvem em parcerias e assinam declara����es de compromisso com a Educa����o Ambiental para o Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel ��� EADS. O objetivo do presente artigo �� realizar uma narrativa sobre os eventos dedicados �� EADS, com in��cio na Confer��ncia de Estocolmo at�� �� Confer��ncia do Rio+20. O estudo teve como base metodol��gica uma revis��o cr��tica da literatura. Concluiu-se que a sociedade tomou maior consci��ncia sobre os problemas ambientais a partir de 1970. Despontaram as primeiras respostas pol��tico-administrativas na Confer��ncia de Estocolmo e, mais tarde, publicou-se a Informa����o Brundtland pela equipa interdisciplinar de experts em meio ambiente. Daqui resultaram o Tratado de Bem-estar (garantia dos direitos m��nimos aos cidad��os pelo Estado) e o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel. Surgiu assim a solidariedade social para com o futuro da humanidade, que implicou o princ��pio de ���n��o hipotecar os recursos das gera����es futuras���. Na Confer��ncia do Rio a EADS foi plenamente aceite e divulgada pelo mundo. Todavia, com a entrada do novo mil��nio, a aten����o dada �� EADS regrediu significativamente.

El terror en los or��genes del totalitarismo y la pol��tica de la muerte

Con Los or��genes del totalitarismo Hannah Arendt propuso identificar el mal radical que los reg��menes totalitarios efectuaron durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. La pol��tica de la muerte de Hit��ler y Stalin lleg�� a ser un flagelo hacia la humanidad y caus�� una gran intimidaci��n que no escatim�� la violencia y la aniquila��ci��n total de sus opositores. La pol��tica de la muerte significa no solo exterminar la vida desde un aspecto f��sico sino tambi��n desde un aspecto pol��tico, demostrando la capacidad de aislar al ser humano de su espontaneidad en la esfera p��blica y de su innegable pluralidad en los asuntos humanos. Las ideolog��as pol��ticas que antecedieron a los reg��menes totalitarios influyeron en la constituci��n de los partidos nacionalsocialista y bolchevismo, basando su discurso y ejecuci��n mediante aconteci��mientos hist��ricos que no fueron ajenos a su erecci��n. La pol��tica de la muerte fue la determinaci��n de todo un aparato estatal para acabar con la diversidad de los hom��bres y sumergirlos en la pol��tica macabra de los reg��menes totalitarios, una pol��tica basada en la muerte.

CIBERESPACIO: REINVENTANDO LA MET��FORA DE LO HUMANO

La pregunta sobre el humanismo est�� ��ntimamente ligada con las met��foras que las distintas sociedades en diferentes momentos han utilizado no s��lo para comprender las relaciones con su entorno, sino tambi��n para estructurar su visi��n sobre s�� mismas.En la Edad Media, el topos del microcosmos y el macrocosmos no s��lo serv��a para reconocer en el mundo los principios de la analog��a y la similitud como articuladores de las ��realidades�� naturales y divinas, sino que permit��an una v��a de interpretaci��n de esas dos instancias en una visi��n totalizadora en la que la Trinidad se presentaba como met��fora por excelencia. Por otro lado, el humanismo renacentista aliviado ya de la met��fora anterior, y entusiasmado con una nueva -el hombre- se aventur�� a explorar y a inventar bordes y l��mites por los que transitara su renovada humanidad.

Hope for a peaceful death and organ donation

The therapeutic, social and economic benefits of organ transplantation are irrefutable; however, organ shortages contribute to avoidable patient deaths and burgeoning health care costs. This problem can be addressed by increasing family consent to deceased organ donation. There are high levels of community support for deceased organ donation in Australia and yet, almost fifty percent of families decline the request to donate. Increasing the number of families who agree to deceased organ donation is key to increasing national and international transplantation rates. The purpose of this study was to identify the major factors that influence a family to agree or decline deceased organ donation during the process of decision-making. The aims of the study were three-fold: to identify the key stages and the major influencers��� in the decisionmaking process; to determine if hope, deep hope and trust played a role in the decision, and to explore families��� perceptions of their decision-making experience. The study utilised an exploratory case study approach to examine the family decisionmaking process of deceased organ donation. Following ethics approval, recruitment was conducted utilising a qualitative purposive snowball strategy across Australia. A pilot study was conducted to test the study procedures prior to the main data collection, and 22 participants who had been involved in a deceased organ donation decision from nine families were interviewed. In five deaths family members had agreed to organ donation, and in four deaths the family declined. A theoretical framework based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model of decision-making was applied to propose trust, hope and deep hope underpin family organ donation decisions. Thematic analysis was conducted and three key themes comprising ���In the fog drowning���, ���Harvesting humanity���, and ���It���s all up to Mum��� were revealed. The study found women, and in particular mothers, played a significant role in organ donation decision-making, and that the decision-making is bounded by family needs of trust, hope and deep hope across the continuum of time. It also found families who had their trust, hope and deep hope needs met expressed satisfaction about their decision-making experience and agreed to organ donation. Some families perceived that organ donation was a sacrifice that was too great to endure, even if the deceased had previously indicated intent to donate, and therefore declined donation. This study found that families��� ideas of a peaceful death and organ donation are not mutually exclusive. It concludes that when decision-makers��� trust and deep hope needs are met they are more willing to agree to donation. This study recommends that the idea of a ���right��� to a peaceful death should be aligned with deceased organ donation practices and normalised.

Transmission electron tomography: quality assessment and enhancement for three-dimensional imaging of nanostructures

Nanotechnology has revolutionised humanity's capability in building microscopic systems by manipulating materials on a molecular and atomic scale. Nan-osystems are becoming increasingly smaller and more complex from the chemical perspective which increases the demand for microscopic characterisation techniques. Among others, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an indispensable tool that is increasingly used to study the structures of nanosystems down to the molecular and atomic scale. However, despite the effectivity of this tool, it can only provide 2-dimensional projection (shadow) images of the 3D structure, leaving the 3-dimensional information hidden which can lead to incomplete or erroneous characterization. One very promising inspection method is Electron Tomography (ET), which is rapidly becoming an important tool to explore the 3D nano-world. ET provides (sub-)nanometer resolution in all three dimensions of the sample under investigation. However, the fidelity of the ET tomogram that is achieved by current ET reconstruction procedures remains a major challenge. This thesis addresses the assessment and advancement of electron tomographic methods to enable high-fidelity three-dimensional investigations. A quality assessment investigation was conducted to provide a quality quantitative analysis of the main established ET reconstruction algorithms and to study the influence of the experimental conditions on the quality of the reconstructed ET tomogram. Regular shaped nanoparticles were used as a ground-truth for this study. It is concluded that the fidelity of the post-reconstruction quantitative analysis and segmentation is limited, mainly by the fidelity of the reconstructed ET tomogram. This motivates the development of an improved tomographic reconstruction process. In this thesis, a novel ET method was proposed, named dictionary learning electron tomography (DLET). DLET is based on the recent mathematical theorem of compressed sensing (CS) which employs the sparsity of ET tomograms to enable accurate reconstruction from undersampled (S)TEM tilt series. DLET learns the sparsifying transform (dictionary) in an adaptive way and reconstructs the tomogram simultaneously from highly undersampled tilt series. In this method, the sparsity is applied on overlapping image patches favouring local structures. Furthermore, the dictionary is adapted to the specific tomogram instance, thereby favouring better sparsity and consequently higher quality reconstructions. The reconstruction algorithm is based on an alternating procedure that learns the sparsifying dictionary and employs it to remove artifacts and noise in one step, and then restores the tomogram data in the other step. Simulation and real ET experiments of several morphologies are performed with a variety of setups. Reconstruction results validate its efficiency in both noiseless and noisy cases and show that it yields an improved reconstruction quality with fast convergence. The proposed method enables the recovery of high-fidelity information without the need to worry about what sparsifying transform to select or whether the images used strictly follow the pre-conditions of a certain transform (e.g. strictly piecewise constant for Total Variation minimisation). This can also avoid artifacts that can be introduced by specific sparsifying transforms (e.g. the staircase artifacts the may result when using Total Variation minimisation). Moreover, this thesis shows how reliable elementally sensitive tomography using EELS is possible with the aid of both appropriate use of Dual electron energy loss spectroscopy (DualEELS) and the DLET compressed sensing algorithm to make the best use of the limited data volume and signal to noise inherent in core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) from nanoparticles of an industrially important material. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis demonstrates how high-fidelity ET reconstructions can be achieved using a compressed sensing approach.

Gest��o florestal e propriedade: A floresta, a (sua) propriedade e o alcance das pol��ticas p��blicas

O trabalho pretende questionar se as necessidades da gest��o da floresta e as interac����es com o ambiente, justificam o repensar do conceito de propriedade privada, na defini����o de pol��ticas florestais concretizadoras duma ��mundivid��ncia ambiental��. Estrutura-se em quatro partes: primeiro, procura-se dar uma perspectiva do direito de propriedade privada, a sua perenidade na nossa cultura, sobretudo na cultura jur��dica; segundo, analisa-se a din��mica da propriedade privada da floresta nos ��ltimos s��culos, e as solu����es de pol��ticas florestais- destacando-se a cria����o das zonas de interven����o florestal (ZIF); terceiro, estuda-se em concreto o regime de certifica����o florestal, como forma espec��fica de gest��o florestal; quarto, sublinham-se novos desafios ambientais �� gest��o das florestas, designadamente a identifica����o dos problemas que emergem em resultado das altera����es clim��ticas, destacando-se o sequestro de carbono e a cria����o do mercado de carbono. Este estudo n��o �� estanque, faz parte de um mesmo questionamento: �� o ambiente um valor para a humanidade ou �� um valor em si mesmo? ABSTRACT: The work intends to question if the private property of the forest, toward the necessities of management and interactions with the environment, justifies the rethink of the concept, in forest politics definition, producer of an interactive view of the environment. lt is structured in four parts: first, it intends to give a perspective of the right of private property, its longevity in our culture, the importance of legal quarrel; second, the dynamics of the private property of the forest, in the latest centuries, and the solutions of the implemented forest politics - being distinguished the creation of zones of forest intervention, the ZIF; third, the forest management �� forest certification; fourth, the environmental source, the identification of problems that emerge in result of climatic alterations, being distinguished the kidnap of carbon and the creation of the carbon market. This study is not tight; it is part of the same reflection: of being the environment a value for the humanity or a value in itself exactly.

Po��tica da transgress��o o imagin��rio da circula����o em Estamira e Taxidermia

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Faculdade de Comunica����o, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Comunica����o, 2016.

Po��tica da transgress��o o imagin��rio da circula����o em Estamira e Taxidermia

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Faculdade de Comunica����o, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Comunica����o, 2016.

Po��tica da transgress��o o imagin��rio da circula����o em Estamira e Taxidermia

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Faculdade de Comunica����o, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Comunica����o, 2016.