999 resultados para Doenças cardiovasculares Fatores de risco - Teses
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Preeclampsia is a spectral disease, with different clinical forms which can evolve with severe multisystemic complications. This present study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia (PE); to validate the existence of aggregation of hypertensive disease in families of women with preeclampsia and verify the existence of association between polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and level of VEGF and its soluble receptor (sFlt1). A case-control study was performed (n = 851). Genotyping of VEGF was performed and serum levels of VEGF and sFlt1 were measured by ELISA. It was observed that 38% of mothers (173, 455) of a case of preeclampsia and 30.8% (78 of 361) of controls had history of hypertension (p <0.0001). Similarly, when examining the history of maternal preeclampsia, we observed that 14.6% (48 of 328) of mothers of women with preeclampsia and 9.6% (12 of 294) of mothers of controls had a history of preeclampsia (p = 0.0001). As for maternal history of preeclampsia, we found that 5.1% (15 of 295) of cases and 3.6% (7 of 314) of controls had a history of preeclampsia (p = 0.0568). Sisters of women with preeclampsia also had a history of hypertensive disease in 9% (41 of 455) versus 6.6% (13 of 361), p = 0.002. Similarly when examining the history of preeclampsia in sisters, it was observed that 22.7% (57 of 251) of a sister of case versus 11.4% (26 of 228) of controls had a history of preeclampsia (P = 0.0011). We observed a decrease in free VEGF in the serum of patients (P <0.05) and increased soluble VEGF receptor. There was no association between polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and preeclampsia. The data obtained in this work validate that hypertensive disease in mothers and sisters with preeclampsia are risk factors for preeclampsia. The risk of illness in the family is higher according to disease severity. High incidence of preeclampsia can be assumed by the high incidence of this disease among the controls. Significant differences between the frequency of preeclampsia in mothers of cases and controls indicate familial factors. Work is being conducted with the to eventually perform genome wide association studies to identify susceptibility loci
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A sndrome dos ovrios policsticos (SOP) a desordem endcrina mais comum em mulheres com idade reprodutiva. Seu diagnstico firmado atravs do consenso de Rotterdam na presena de dois dos seguintes critrios: anovulao crnica, sinais clnicos e/ou bioqumicos de hiperandrogenismo e presena de micropolicistos nos ovrios. Na SOP, alm das caractersticas especficas da sndrome comum a presena de marcadores de risco cardiovascular aumentado como dislipidemia, hipertenso arterial, resistncia insulina e obesidade central Objetivos: Analisar a acurcia diagnstica da circunferncia da cintura (CC), relao cintura-estatura (RCEst), razo cintura-quadril (RCQ) e ndice de conicidade (ndice C) para deteco de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) e sndrome metablica (SM) em mulheres com sndrome dos ovrios policsticos (SOP). Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal envolvendo 108 mulheres na faixa etria de 20-34 anos, com diagnstico de SOP de acordo com o consenso de Rotterdam. Foram considerados parmetros clnicos, antropomtricos e bioqumicos de avaliao do risco cardiovascular. A anlise dos dados foi desenvolvida em duas etapas, conforme descrito a seguir. Fase 1: anlise da acurcia dos pontos de corte previamente determinados na literatura nacional para CC, RCEst, RCQ e ndice C, para predio de FRCV; Fase 2: determinao de pontos de corte dos ndices antropomtricos supracitados, especficos para mulheres com SOP, para discriminao de SM, atravs da anlise da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Resultados: Com base nos achados da fase 1 do estudo, a RCEst foi o marcador que apresentou correlaes positivas significativas com o xi maior nmero de FRCV (presso arterial, triglicerdeos e glicemia aps teste oral de tolerncia glicose), alm de correlao negativa com HDL-colesterol. Os demais marcadores antropomtricos se correlacionaram positivamente com presso arterial, enquanto CC e RCQ apresentaram correlao positiva tambm com triglicerdeos. Todos os indicadores antropomtricos apresentaram taxas de sensibilidade superiores a 60%, com destaque para a RCEst que apresentou sensibilidade superior a 70%. Na fase 2 da pesquisa observamos que a CC, RCEst e RCQ apresentaram desempenho semelhante na predio de SM, sendo superiores ao ndice C. Os valores de ponto de corte dos ndices antropomtricos para discriminar SM foram: CC = 95 cm; RCEst = 0,59; RCQ = 0,88; e ndice C = 1,25. Utilizando esses pontos de corte as taxas de sensibilidade e especificidade da CC e RCEst foram superiores s observadas para RCQ e ndice C. Concluses: Nossos dados enfatizam a importncia da avaliao antropomtrica no rastreamento do risco cardiovascular em mulheres com SOP, destacando-se a relevncia da RCEst na predio de FRCV clssicos e a necessidade de considerar pontos de corte especficos para mulheres com SOP para discriminao de SM
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Resilience consists of a capacity to adapt and overcome situations of risk, from the aid of protective factors. This construct constitutes a process of preventive and multidimensional present in all stages of human development. During this development, it has been immersed in the elderly biopsychosocial changes resulting from the aging process. In this sense, there was a need for a multidisciplinary study, combining psychology, medicine, nursing, social work and gerontology in order to check the resilience, its risk factors, such as life events and health, and protection, such as self-esteem and social support. For this, we performed a descriptive exploratory study of cross-sectional nature, along with a convenience sample consisting of 65 elderly users of the public health of the district east of the city of Natal/RN, Brazil. This research allowed the collection of socio-demographic, economic, relational, physical, biological and psychological in understanding the aging process. It is observed that the studied sample socio-economic status and chronic health conditions in their own lives and their families, that demand for care and attention every day, are resilient, have faced significant losses, have positive self-esteem and social support perceived as external satisfactory. Given this multidimensional nature, the aging process deserves the attention of many professionals and health policies, seeking provide to the elderly a better living conditions and mechanisms that promote well-being and health
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Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant with favourable anti-inflammatory, metabolic and endothelial effects, and has been widely investigated due to its potential against cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral ALA supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension. This is a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, where the intervention was evaluated prospectively comparing results in both groups. The sample consisted of 64 hypertensive patients who were randomly distributed into ALA group (n = 32), receiving 600 mg / day ALA for twelve weeks and control group (n = 32), receiving placebo for the same period. The following parameters were evaluated before and after intervention: lipid peroxidation, content of reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismustase, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, fasting glucose and anthropometric indicators. There was a statistically significant reduction (p <0.05) in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and blood glucose. There was a reduction in body weight and waist, abdominal and hip circumferences in the group that received ALA. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase (p <0.05) in the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the group receiving ALA. Oral administration of ALA appears to be a valuable adjuvant therapy, which may contribute to decrease the damage caused by oxidative stress and other risk factors associated with the atherosclerotic process
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Foram investigados a prevalncia e os fatores de risco da leptospirose bovina no Estado do Maranho. O Estado foi dividido em quatro circuitos amostrais com base em parmetros de produo distintos que variam conforme os diferentes sistemas de produo, as prticas de manejo, a finalidade de explorao, o tamanho mdio dos rebanhos e os sistemas de comercializao. Objetivou-se estudar as caractersticas epidemiolgicas da leptospirose bovina no Estado do Maranho, de modo a determinar a prevalncia em bovinos e em rebanhos, detectar as sorovariedades de Leptospira spp. presentes, identificar os fatores de risco eventualmente associados leptospirose em bovinos e diferenciar os circuitos pecurios entre si no que se refere prevalncia de leptospirose. A pesquisa foi realizada em 136 propriedades rurais pertencentes ao circuito I, no qual 841 fmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses foram analisadas; 238 do circuito II, com 2.582 fmeas analisadas; 122 do circuito III, com 869 fmeas analisadas; e 77 do circuito IV, com 540 fmeas analisadas; no total, 573 propriedades e 4.832 fmeas foram estudadas. A presena de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. foi verificada pela tcnica de soroaglutinao microscpica (SAM). Das 4.832 fmeas bovinas analisadas, 1.904 (35,94%; IC 95% = 33,01% - 38,98%) foram reagentes. Das 573 propriedades analisadas, 380 (64,81%; IC 95% = 61,10% - 68,35%) foram consideradas positivas. As sorovariedades Hardjo e Wolffi foram as mais frequentes em todo o Estado. O circuito III foi o que apresentou menor prevalncia de leptospirose em todas as comparaes. As variveis identificadas como fatores de risco de leptospirose foram: presena de equinos (p = 0,000), presena de capivaras (p = 0,034) e rebanhos bovinos com 32 ou mais fmeas adultas (p = 0,002).
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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The pressure ulcers (PU), also known as decubitus ulcers, are defined as injuries caused by the constant pressure exerted on a particular point of the body, causing impairment of blood supply with a decrease or interruption of tissue irrigation, causing occlusion of blood vessels and capillaries, ischemia and cell death. This is a descriptive study with longitudinal design, and panel type, with quantitative approach that aimed to examine the association between predisposing conditions (PC), intrinsic factors (IF) and extrinsic factors (EF) with the occurrence of PU, in hospitalized patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), pain clinical, surgical clinical and neurology wards of a university hospital. The study population was composed of all patients who were restricted to bed during the period from December 2007 to February 2008. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of HUOL / UFRN (No 135/07). The data-collection took place through a structured formulary of observation, data from medical records and physical examination of patients skins. The results were organized in SPSS 15.0 software, tabulated, categorized and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Of the 30 patients studied, 43.3% had been hospitalized in the pain clinical and surgical clinic wards, 20.0% in the ICU, 20.0% in the ICU / ward and 16.7% in neurology, being the length of hospitalization in those units of 7 to 18 days (63.3%) and from 19 to 30 days (36.7%), predominantly female and aged ≥ 60 years (60.0%). 19 PU were diagnosed in 43.3% of patients monitored, being 38.5% with one PU between 7 to 18 days and 46.2% with two or more between 19 to 30 days of hospitalization, showing significant relationship (ρ-value = 0029) between length of hospital stay and the number of PU. Was found an association of 35.7% of the PC (cardio-respiratory, hematological, metabolic and psychogenic), IF (age group, oedema, skin changes in humidity and change of body temperature) and EF (type of mattress and strength of body pressure) for all patients studied, statistically significant (ρ-value = 0001), between the average scores in patients with and without PU, with reason chance to 12.0 for the development of PU and there was moderate correlation ( r = 0618) in the presence of this association. Results show the influence of the multiplicity of factors and conditions on the occurrence of PU, which brings us to reflect on the assistance focused on prevention and reduction of these injuries which will encourage the reduction of hospitalization length, physical and psychological suffering, and the possibility of improving the clinical condition of the patient.
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Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that contributes to the countrys high cardiovascular morbi-mortality rates. Considering that hypertension affects individuals in their most productive age while facing work and living risk factors, it is important to investigate its occurrence and predisposing factors in different occupational segments. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension among workers attended to in a medical service of a public university, their hypertension levels, the risk factors present, and their knowledge of the factors that influence the arterial pressure. The epidemiologic study was conducted in the Health Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with 102 workers that sought care in the medical clinic during the months of March to May 2009. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and measurements of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP) that were classified in stages according to the Brazilian Society of Hypertension and the degree of risk for cardiovascular events according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society for Cardiology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The workers were, on average, 54 years of age; the majority (67%) was male and had primary or middle educational level; they worked mainly in supplemental units and deanship offices conducting different functions such as security guards, administrative assistants, health auxiliaries and constructions workers; 48 (47%) of the workers identified themselves as hypertensive for 8 years on average, with the majority executing hard labor and administrative functions. Among the workers with hypertension, the number of the pressure levels classified as pre-hypertensive, stage I and II were: (12% in the SAP and 20% in the DAP); (16% in the SAP and 9% in the DAP); and (15% in the SAP and 5% in the DAP), respectively. The workers that did not identify themselves as hypertensive presented classifications with greater frequencies were: normal (16% in the SAP and 30% in the DAP); and pre-hypertensive (21% in the SAP and 16% in the DAP). The risk factors identified in more than 50% of the workers were: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and indices of being overweight, although physical activities are also present. Of the 48 workers diagnosed as hypertensive, those that had 5 risk factors present and limitrophic pressure levels (12%), in stage I hypertension (16%) and stage II hypertension (15%) were categorized as being in high risk for vascular events. The number of workers that indicated they had knowledge of the factors that influence their hypertension was less than 39% for each factor. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the university workers, even amongst those already under treatment. They constitute a population at risk considering their age group, their work functions, and their inadequate life habits. Health care of these hypertensive workers that seek attention in the Health Department is an important aspect of the internal workers health policy in the institution. Educational interventions are recommended for the improvement of quality of life and of work in these workers
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Os fatores de risco para instalao de leses do esporte tm sido pesquisados no sentido de facilitar o entendimento sobre o assunto. Contudo, para altos nveis de performance, nos eventos de pista e campo do atletismo, so escassos os documentos que abordam o tema. Assim, a partir da possibilidade de reunir informaes sobre a condio descrita, objetivou-se com o presente estudo a explorao de fatores de risco para leses desportivas no atletismo, a partir de inqurito aplicado a atletas da elite mundial da modalidade. A populao foi composta por 60 homens e 60 mulheres alocados em grupos conforme a especificidade de sua modalidade (velocidade, resistncia, arremessos e saltos). Realizou-se entrevista utilizando-se de inqurito de morbidade referida, abordando questes sobre variveis antropomtricas e de treinamento, assim como leses. Utilizou-se a tcnica da anlise de varincia paramtrica para as variveis antropomtricas (idade, peso, estatura) e da tcnica da anlise de varincia no paramtrica em relao s variveis de treinamento (anos de treinamento e horas semanais). Para associao entre momento de leso e especialidades, utilizou-se do teste de Goodman em nvel de 5% de significncia. Os resultados mostraram que houve elevada freqncia de leses na modalidade em ambos os sexos. As taxas de leso por atleta entrevistado foram de 0,92 (velocidade), 1,08 (resistncia), 1,22 (saltos) e 1,20 (arremessos). No houve diferena estatisticamente significante para as variveis antropomtricas e de treinamento em relao s provas, com exceo dos saltadores, que apresentaram diferenas para estatura e tempo de treinamento; nesse caso, os acometidos so mais altos ou praticam atletismo h menos tempo (P < 0,05). Concluiu-se que, para populao estudada, o risco de leso acentuado, mas sem relao entre variveis e presena de agravos, salvo para especialistas em provas de saltos, que apresentaram estatura e tempo de treinamento como fatores predisponentes leso.
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A agregao plaquetria avalia a funo das plaquetas atravs de diferentes vias de ativao plaquetria in vitro, fornecendo traados de ondas equivalentes propriedade fsica dessa agregao. Sabendo-se que a aspirina acetila irreversivelmente a enzima cicloxigenase prevenindo a gerao de tromboxana A2, potente ativador da agregao plaquetria, esta droga tem sido analisada h mais de trinta anos na clnica mdica em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares como uma potente droga antitrombtica. Foram nossos objetivos obter traados de ondas correspondentes s fases da agregao plaquetria para nossa padronizao utilizando nosso grupo controle de doadores de sangue e compar-las com nosso grupo estudo, frente a diferentes agentes agonistas em diferentes concentraes: ADP 1M e 3M; AA, 0,5mM; ADR, 0,05 mg/mL, 0,025 mg/mL e 0,010 mg/mL. Os grupos analisados foram constitudos por 41 cardacos e 40 doadores de sangue considerados controle. Dos cardacos, 33 faziam uso regular do AAS na concentrao de 200 mg/dia e oito na concentrao de 100 mg/dia, sendo todos considerados hipertensos. A padronizao da agregometria estava na dependncia do encontro de traados correspondentes a ondas de agregao, sendo esses obtidos em porcentagem no tempo de cinco minutos estandartizados pelo aparelho utilizado. Comparando os resultados entre os pacientes e o grupo controle, foi possvel observar que, na presena dos agentes agregantes ADP 1M e ADP 3 M, ADR 0,05 mg/mL, 0,025mg/mL e 0,010 mg/mL, os pacientes apresentaram 1 onda, mas no 2 onda. Por sua vez, no caso do AA 0,5 mM no houve o encontro de traados de ondas.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors to the functional edentulism in adults aged 35 a 44 years old of Natal-RN, 278 adults took part in the study. They were all selected from a previous dental loss prevalence study thus being complemented by an active research. The study was a case-control based and data collection was made though a survey as well as with a clinical examination. The cases were identified through individuals with 20 or more teeth. Age and gender were used as variables of pairing off. The data was analyzed through chi-square, significant level of 95% to the checking of its force associations. The independent variables were grouped in three levels. The first one, more macro, is related to the region where the individual lives, which was also related to the second level, the family-based one, linked with a third level, at this low socio-economical level, where the domiciliary density was favorable, living in capital cities, regions with prime sanitary condicitions, with predominant possibility of accessing the public dental service, but in despite of this, only looking for this service when tooth ache is felt, where preferentially an aid dressing treatment is executed in detriment of preventive procedures. From all the samples, less than 25% of the individuals make use of tobacco and alcoholic beverages for quite a number of years. There was an association of functional edentulism with all the studied variables in a regional method. In the family-based with Critrio Brasil (OR=4,45) and monthly wages (OR=9,62) and to an to an individual level, the associations took place with the current use of kind of attendance (OR=1,78), looks for dressing treatment (OR=2,51), does not look for preventive treatment (OR=3,31), pain as the main cause of demand (OR=1,92), previous treatment as the demanding reason for dental service (OR+0,28), interval of the last visit to the dental service (OR=1,35) and when advise was received (OR=1,66). It was noticed from the results that the functional edentulism is much more expressive in those families which live in environments with precarious social economical sanitary conditions. Such conditions seem to have a direct influence upon the family social economical conditions which are also shown in detriment to functional edentulism. In the same way, the collection of variants influence the social economical conditions of the individual, as well as the kind of dental service searched by them, the reason of the search and the interval of the last visit to the dental service were strong determiners to the functional edentulism. Beyond that, individual habits like the use of tobacco and its frequency on its previous use influenced in a significant way the existence of functional edentulism in the studied population
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior
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Literature has demonstrated to the narrow relation between deleterious habits and the occurrence of malocclusion in minors of 5 years. The existence of these habits, however, already considered as risk factors, having also, its determinative ones, which present cultural dimensions and economic social, many of them related to the parents of the child, having in account that such habits if develop in phases in which the child establish a narrow relation of dependence. This study it had an objective to investigate the prevalence of deleterious buccal habits in children and its relation with the economic social and characteristics of the parents. It was developed an epidemiologist study of transversal character with interview, through daily pay-tested form, with 218 parents in the day of the National Campaign of Vaccination. In the cast of the variable that had composed the study, they had been used, as changeable dependents, the use of the baby's bottle, bottle and the digital suction, being considered as outcomes of the research. Amongst the independent variable, the economic social factors (type of occupation, number of children, civil state, sort, schooling and age) and staffs of the parents (self perception in oral health) had entered as the variable to be analyzed in the problems of the infantile odontology. The collected data had been submitted to the analysis descriptive and inferential statistics, being used the test qui-square and the analysis of the possibility reasons. As main results, it was found that breast feeding before the six months if presents as one of the main factors of risk for the use of baby's bottle (p< 0.001, OR= 2.8, I.C= 1.589 4.906), bottle (p< 0.001, OR= 3.7, I.C.= 2.076 6.624) and digital suction (p< 0.014, OR= 3.5, I.C.= 1.225 10.181). From the data found, one concludes that breast-feeding is considered a primordial factor for not the installation of deleterious oral habits and that the economic social and cultural factors can reflect in central way in the performance of this act
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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OBJETIVO: investigar e comparar os achados dos fatores de risco para a cronicidade da gagueira em crianas com gagueira desenvolvimental familial e isolada. MTODOS: participaram 60 crianas de ambos os gneros, divididas em dois grupos: GI - 30 crianas com gagueira desenvolvimental familial; GII - 30 crianas com gagueira desenvolvimental isolada. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do Protocolo de Risco para a Gagueira do Desenvolvimento - PRGD (Andrade, 2006), que considera os seguintes fatores de risco: idade, gnero, tipo de surgimento e tempo de durao das disfluncias, tipologia das disfluncias, fatores comunicativos e qualitativos associados, histrico mrbido pr, peri e ps natal, fatores estressantes que ocorreram prximo ao surgimento do distrbio, histrico familial, reao pessoal, familiar e social e atitudes familiares. RESULTADOS: quando o grupo I (GI) foi comparado com o grupo II (GII), a nica diferena estatisticamente significante foi com relao aos fatores estressantes que ocorreram prximo ao surgimento do distrbio. CONCLUSO: os resultados confirmam a natureza complexa da gagueira, bem como a necessidade de se investigar os vrios fatores considerados como de risco para o distrbio, com intuito de melhorar a compreenso de suas possveis etiologias.
