Do ���Quarto de Casa��� ao Bairro [Re]qualifica����o dos Bairros Prec��rios da Cidade da Praia

A presente disserta����o aborda um dos maiores desafios que os pa��ses em desenvolvimento enfrentam actualmente: o r��pido crescimento dos bairros prec��rios sem um planeamento pr��vio, que chegam a representar nestes pa��ses, de um ter��o a mais de metade do ambiente constru��do destas cidades. Considerando um territ��rio espec��fico ��� a cidade da Praia, Cabo Verde ��� a investiga����o desenvolvida procura contribuir para a compreens��o dos processos de forma����o e transforma����o dos assentamentos prec��rios e ainda para o debate de solu����es de reurbaniza����o. A investiga����o procurou sistematizar um conjunto de conceitos e metodologias discutidos, actualmente, por diversos autores complementado com a experi��ncia pr��tica da cidade de Valpara��so, Chile, uma cidade constru��da praticamente sem um planeamento pr��vio. Estas duas vertentes contribu��ram para a constru����o de um ponto de vista pr��prio que sustenta a cr��tica, a reflex��o e as op����es tomadas. Procura-se compreender e reflectir, atrav��s de um olhar cr��tico, sobre a situa����o urbana e arquitect��nica da cidade da Praia actual, a sua origem e a expans��o desde a funda����o, a legisla����o e os instrumentos legais de planeamento. Pretende-se ainda, analisar as solu����es propostas pelas entidades que interv��m nos assentamentos prec��rios da cidade frente ��s tipologias de ocupa����o adoptadas pela popula����o que n��o consegue aceder �� oferta formal dispon��vel. Priviligiase nesta an��lise o quarto de casa, a solu����o mais recorrente, que constitui a unidade m��nima a partir da qual a habita����o se expande. Estes factores contribu��ram para a constru����o de uma metodologia de interven����o nos bairros prec��rios da cidade da Praia, que se espera que possa ser mais um contributo que poder�� complementar as solu����es existentes e preencher algumas das lacunas identificadas. Com efeito esta tem como intuito favorecer uma maior aproxima����o das solu����es �� identidade, ��s expectativas e ��s necessidades da popula����o envolvida. Esta metodologia procura identificar as oportunidades e lacunas, discutir os princ��pios conceptuais considerados mais pertinentes e reflectir a sua operacionaliza����o a v��rias escalas e nas diferentes fases do processo.

Reconstruction fronto-orbitaire complexe avec proth��se en PEEK et expansion cutan��e��: �� propos d'un cas [Complex fronto-orbital reconstruction with a PEEK prosthesis and skin expansion: about a case].

INTRODUCTION: Reconstructions of the fronto-orbital area remain a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon, due to the functional and esthetic impact. OBSERVATION: The authors present a case of a complex fronto-orbital reconstruction with a PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone) implant, associated with a skin expansion. DISCUSSION: With a follow-up of over three years, the cosmetic result is excellent. The authors believe that this technique is reliable, fast with long-term good results.

HIV-1 co/super-infection in intravenous drug users.

BACKGROUND: The frequency of HIV-1 co/super-infection is unknown despite their implications for public health and vaccine development. This issue was addressed during an epidemic of both CRF11 and B subtype among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). METHODS: Bulk sequencing of reverse transcriptase, protease and C2V3 regions and subtype-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in plasma and proviral DNA were performed using baseline and follow-up samples collected in recently infected IVDUs between 1998-2002 and in IVDUs with chronic infection living in the same area and presenting an unexpected rise of viremia (> 1 log10). RESULTS: In 58 recently infected patients, three B/CRF-11 co-infections, 25 B, 28 CRF-11 and two other subtypes were detected at baseline. In the three co-infected patients, both CRF-11 and B were detected in plasma and proviral DNA and persisted during follow-up. B- and CFR-11-specific PCR performed on follow-up samples of 40 of 58 recently infected patients (median follow-up, 14.5 months) revealed a transient B super-infection in a patient initially infected by CRF-11. Five of 156 chronic IVDUs (total follow-up: 346 years) had an unexpected rise of viremia. In two of them, aviremic without treatment for years after an initial B infection, a symptomatic CRF-11 super-infection occurred and was associated with high viral load and a fall of CD4 cell count. CONCLUSIONS: In recently infected IVDUs, co-infection B/CRF-11 is relatively frequent (5%). In chronically infected IVDUs super-infection may be transient and may occur in patients controlling efficiently HIV infection by the initial strain.

The re-introduction of oral entrance examinations at a translation studies department

Abstract

Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3)-mediated Ca2+ Entry by A1 Adenosine Receptor in Cardiomyocytes Disturbs Atrioventricular Conduction.

Although the activation of the A(1)-subtype of the adenosine receptors (A(1)AR) is arrhythmogenic in the developing heart, little is known about the underlying downstream mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel 3, functioning as receptor-operated channel (ROC), contributes to the A(1)AR-induced conduction disturbances. Using embryonic atrial and ventricular myocytes obtained from 4-day-old chick embryos, we found that the specific activation of A(1)AR by CCPA induced sarcolemmal Ca(2+) entry. However, A(1)AR stimulation did not induce Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Specific blockade of TRPC3 activity by Pyr3, by a dominant negative of TRPC3 construct, or inhibition of phospholipase Cs and PKCs strongly inhibited the A(1)AR-enhanced Ca(2+) entry. Ca(2+) entry through TRPC3 was activated by the 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) analog OAG via PKC-independent and -dependent mechanisms in atrial and ventricular myocytes, respectively. In parallel, inhibition of the atypical PKCζ by myristoylated PKCζ pseudosubstrate inhibitor significantly decreased the A(1)AR-enhanced Ca(2+) entry in both types of myocytes. Additionally, electrocardiography showed that inhibition of TRPC3 channel suppressed transient A(1)AR-induced conduction disturbances in the embryonic heart. Our data showing that A(1)AR activation subtly mediates a proarrhythmic Ca(2+) entry through TRPC3-encoded ROC by stimulating the phospholipase C/DAG/PKC cascade provide evidence for a novel pathway whereby Ca(2+) entry and cardiac function are altered. Thus, the A(1)AR-TRPC3 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target.

Transformations et influences dans ��l'historiographie�� juive de la fin du VIIe s. av. notre ��re jusqu'�� l'��poque perse

The origins of biblical historiography may be dated to the end of the VIIth c. and linked to those of the deuteronomic school itself. In order to justify Josiah's politics, his scribes elaborated a collection of texts (Deut, Josh, Kings, a vita Mosis in Gen-Nb) which were widely inspired by Assyrian ideology. During the Babylonian exile, this literature underwent a transformation: the new created �� Deuteronomistic History, (Deut-2 Kings) converted propaganda into theodicee. The Deuteronomists were still at work in the Persian period as can be seen in numerous texts in Deut-2 Kings, as well as in the edition of the prophetic corpus. From now on, dtr ideology was centered on three points: the restauration by law, the end of prophecy and the need to separate Israel from the �� others �� (cf. EsdNeh). But the Persian period was also the, time of compromise. The Pentateuch was made by putting together dtr and priestly ideologies, �� autochtonous �� and �� exodic �� views about the origins of Israel.

Historia de Altobello e di Re Troiano suo fratelo

[Altobello (italien). 1476]

La th��rapie actuelle du rhabdomyosarcome orbitaire de l'enfant [Update of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma therapy in children]

INTRODUCTION: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent primitive orbital malignant tumor in children. If the treatment is started as soon as possible after discovery of the disease, the vital prognosis is considerably better than otherwise. The goal of this paper is to present the new therapeutic protocol and to report our experience in this field. MATERIAL AND METHOD: During the past 35 years, 102 cases of orbital tumors were collected in children under 15 years of age: 5 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma were cared for in our department. At the time of tumor diagnosis, the age of our patients ranged from 3 weeks to 13 years. After a biopsy or excision biopsy, all our cases were treated by chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Medication was mostly vincristine, ifosfamide and actinomycine D. When the result of the treatment was not satisfactory, carboplatine and epirubicine, vincristine as well as ifosfamide were given. Radiotherapy was performed only in particular cases or in recurrences. CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor. Although rare, it is the most frequent of malignant tumors in children. It is important to keep it in mind in order to perform a biopsy enabling quick diagnosis and treatment following the modern protocol giving the highest chances of survival to these patients: about 98% in 3 years.