Influence des traits et troubles de personnalité sur l’intégration au travail de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave

Bien que le travail soit bénéfique et souhaité par une majorité de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave (TMG), les études réalisées auprès de cette clientèle montrent des taux d’emploi d’environ 10 à 20%. Parmi les services visant le retour au travail, les programmes de soutien à l’emploi (PSE) se sont montrés les plus efficaces avec des taux de placement en emploi standard oscillant entre 50 et 60%, sans toutefois garantir le maintien en emploi. Plusieurs études ont tenté de cerner les déterminants de l’obtention et du maintien en emploi chez cette population sans toutefois s’intéresser à la personnalité, et ce, bien qu’elle soit reconnue depuis toujours comme un déterminant important du fonctionnement des individus. De plus, peu de questionnaires d’évaluation de la personnalité selon le modèle de la personnalité en cinq facteurs (FFM) ont été utilisés auprès d’une clientèle avec un TMG et ceux-ci ont montré des propriétés psychométriques ne respectant pas des normes reconnues et acceptées. Cette thèse porte sur les liens entre la personnalité et l’intégration au travail chez les personnes avec un TMG. La première partie vise la validation d’un outil de mesure de la personnalité selon le FFM afin de répondre aux objectifs de la deuxième partie de la thèse. À cet effet, deux échantillons ont été recrutés, soit 259 étudiants universitaires et 141 personnes avec un TMG. Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont mené au développement d’un nouveau questionnaire à 15 items (NEO-15) dont les indices d’ajustement, de cohérence interne et de validité convergente respectent les normes établies, ce qui en fait un questionnaire bien adapté à la mesure de la personnalité normale dans des contextes où le temps d’évaluation est limité. La deuxième partie présente les résultats d’une étude réalisée auprès de 82 personnes aux prises avec un TMG inscrites dans un PSE et visant à identifier les facteurs d’obtention et de maintien en emploi chez cette clientèle, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la contribution des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité. Les résultats de régressions logistiques et de régressions de Cox (analyses de survie) ont démontré que l’historique d’emploi, les symptômes négatifs et le niveau de pathologie de la personnalité étaient prédictifs de l’obtention d’un emploi standard et du délai avant l’obtention d’un tel emploi. Une autre série de régressions de Cox a pour sa part démontré que l’esprit consciencieux était le seul prédicteur significatif du maintien en emploi. Malgré certaines limites, particulièrement des tailles d’échantillons restreintes, ces résultats démontrent la pertinence et l’importance de tenir compte des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité dans le cadre d’études portant sur l’intégration au travail de personnes avec un TMG. De plus, cette thèse a permis de démontrer l’adéquation d’un nouvel instrument de mesure de la personnalité auprès de cette clientèle. Des avenues futures concernant la réintégration professionnelle et le traitement des personnes avec un TMG sont discutées à la lumière de ces résultats.

Treino de visualização mental em guarda-redes de futebol: Avaliação do impacto de um programa de intervenção sobre o rendimento desportivo e sobre as competências de autoconfiança e de concentração

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.

Screening Diversity: Women & Work in Twenty-First-Century Popular Culture

Screening Diversity: Women and Work in Twenty-first Century Popular Culture explores contemporary representations of diverse professional women on screen. Audiences are offered successful women with limited concerns for feminism, anti-racism, or economic justice. I introduce the term viewsers to describe a group of movie and television viewers in the context of the online review platform Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the social media platforms Twitter and Facebook. Screening Diversity follows their engagement in a representative sample of professional women on film and television produced between 2007 and 2015. The sample includes the television shows, Scandal, Homeland, VEEP, Parks and Recreation, and The Good Wife, as well as the movies, Zero Dark Thirty, The Proposal, The Heat, The Other Woman, I Don’t Know How She Does It, and Temptation. Viewsers appreciated female characters like Olivia (Scandal), and Maya (Zero Dark Thiry) who treated their work as a quasi-religious moral imperative. Producers and viewsers shared the belief that unlimited time commitment and personal identification were vital components of professionalism. However, powerful women, like The Proposal’s Margaret and VEEP’s Selina, were often called bitches. Some viewsers embraced bitch-positive politics in recognition of the struggles of women in power. Women’s disproportionate responsibility for reproductive labor, often compromises their ability to live up to moral standards of work. Unlike producers, viewsers celebrated and valued that labor. However, texts that included serious consideration of women as workers were frequently labelled chick flicks or soap operas. The label suggested that women’s labor issues were not important enough that they could be a topic of quality television or prestigious film, which bolstered the idea that workplace equality for women is not a problem in which the general public is implicated. Emerging discussions of racial injustice on television offered hope that these formations are beginning to shift.

X-ray vision: mental representation of the human body’s inner morphology

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Saúde mental e gênero em um CAPS II de Brasília : condições sociais, sintomas, diagnósticos e sofrimento psíquico

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2016.

A psicomotridade em saúde mental de adultos no Fórum Sócio-Ocupacional de Lisboa, ARIA

O presente relatório de estágio descreve de forma detalhada as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do Fórum Sócio-Ocupacional de Lisboa (FsoLis) na instituição ARIA (Associação de Reabilitação Integração e Ajuda), que foram desenvolvidas no âmbito do Mestrado de Reabilitação Psicomotora, da Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa. Em primeiro lugar haverá um enquadramento teórico que suporta a Psicomotricidade em Saúde Mental de adultos, mais especificamente ao nível da esquizofrenia e da perturbação bipolar. Em segundo lugar serão apresentados os dois estudos de caso que dizem respeito à intervenção neste contexto. O primeiro estudo-caso diz respeito a um jovem adulto com perturbação bipolar em que as dificuldades centravam-se ao nível do corpo, da sua autodeterminação e autonomia desta forma as intervenções tiveram por base sessões individuais. O segundo estudo-caso foi com um grupo fechado de três elementos que apresentavam dificuldades de compreensão e retenção de informação e assim houve a necessidade de se trabalhar em grupo a fim de criar estratégias e facilitadores para o seu contexto. Para cada caso encontra-se descrito o processo de observação, avaliação, plano terapêutico e programa de intervenção, bem como uma análise global. No final é realizada uma análise e reflexão de todo este processo em que se conclui que o trabalho psicomotor é muitas vezes fundamental para se trabalhar ao nível da saúde mental.

The effect of pre- and postharvest calcium applications on 'Hayward' kiwifruit storage ability

The benefits of calcium applications pre and postharvest on fruit storage ability have been mentioned in the bibliography. It was objective of this work to study the effect of calcium preharvest application in two different forms and calcium chloride application postharvest on 'Hayward' kiwifruit storage ability. Kiwifruit vines were sprayed with 0.03% CaCl2 or 0.03% CaO at one, three and four months before harvest. The control did not have any treatment. After harvest, half fruits were dipped for 2 min in a solution of 1% CaCl2, left to dry and stored at 0 degrees C. The other half was stored at the same temperature without any treatment. The commercial yield was not affected by treatments. During storage, fruits dipped in 1% CaCl2 softened slower and than fruits not treated. Weight loss was higher in fruits treated with CaO preharvest. SSC showed a significant decrease in fruits sprayed with CaO from 4 to 6 months storage. This work suggests that immersion of kiwifruit in 1% CaCl2 postharvest benefits storage life capacity; preharvest spraying with CaCl2 seems to be better than with CaO. However, we have to try higher calcium concentrations in order to get better results in storage ability but, without causing toxicity on the vines.

Intervenção psicomotora em saúde mental em contexto sócio ocupacional : intervenção com adultos com perturbações da saúde mental no Fórum Sócio Ocupacional do Grupo de Ação Comunitária

O presente relatório apresenta e descreve o percurso efetuado nas atividades de estágio no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora na Faculdade de Motricidade Humana – Universidade de Lisboa. O relatório de estágio que se apresenta envolve uma contextualização das perturbações observadas bem como a descrição da intervenção psicomotora efetuada no Fórum Sócio Ocupacional do Grupo de Ação Comunitária, no âmbito da Saúde Mental Comunitária. As atividades desenvolvidas visaram estimular as capacidades de planeamento, avaliação e intervenção psicomotoras por parte da aluna, no contexto de intervenção onde se inseria, visando também a coordenação do seu trabalho com outros profissionais e com a comunidade. Ao longo do estágio foram desenvolvidas sessões de Psicomotricidade em grupo e individuais, bem como outras atividades relacionadas com a psicomotricidade fora das sessões. Durante o estágio foram ainda realizados dois estudos de caso e elaboradas sessões tendo em vista avaliações inicial e final efetuadas. Conclui-se no final deste relatório que a intervenção em Psicomotricidade em saúde mental em contexto comunitário é pertinente tendo em conta os resultados da avaliação efetuada.

Caracterização de casos de lesão medular e a sua relação com a independência funcional e qualidade de vida

Introdução: As lesões medulares acarretam consigo a problemática da deficiência, as suas respectivas sequelas interferem na qualidade de vida bem como na independência funcional destas pessoas, sendo habitual a existência de limitações que se prolongam ao longo a vida. O presente estudo visa a caracterização de sujeitos com lesão medular há mais de um ano, no que diz respeito à sua qualidade de vida e independência funcional, assim como, a relação entre as variáveis sóciodemográficas (género, idade, estado civil, escolaridade e profissão) e clínicas em estudo (nível, tipo, etiologia e data da lesão). Materiais e Métodos: O presente trabalho apresenta-se como um estudo observacional exploratório descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi formada por indivíduos adultos com lesão medular recrutados através da Associação Salvador e Associação Vida Independente. As medidas instrumentais utilizadas pelo estudo são o questionário sóciodemográfico e clínico, bem com a escala MIF (Granger, Hamilton, Keith, Zielezny, & Sherwins, 1986) e a escala SF-36 (Ware % Sherbourne, 1992). Resultados e Discussão: As análises demonstraram valores satisfatórios. A independência funcional e sua respectiva dimensão física e sóciocognitiva revelam resultados estatisticamente significativos com a variável nível neurológico. No que diz respeito à qualidade de vida esta demonstrou resultados estatisticamente significativos entre a dimensão desempenho emocional e a escolaridade entre o desempenho físico e a profissão e vitalidade e idade. Revelou igualmente valores satisfatórios entre todas as dimensões e o nível neurológico, entre a função social e data da lesão e por último entre a etiologia e função social, vitalidade, dor, saúde geral e mental. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos com este estudo vêm reforçar a visão de que apesar dos indivíduos experienciarem um evento traumático e aspetos negativos após a lesão medular, há diferentes níveis de percepção de QoL e IF e que estas variam em função de algumas variáveis sóciodemográficas e clínicas. Neste ponto são ainda apresentadas as limitações do estudo e discutidas propostas de trabalhos futuros.

Intervenção psicomotora em saúde mental em contexto hospitalar : Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, EPE

O presente relatório descreve as atividades de estágio desenvolvidas no âmbito do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora, Ramo de Aprofundamento de Competências Profissionais, da Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, realizado no Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, EPE. O estágio profissionalizante desenvolveu-se em 3 áreas, o Internamento de Agudos, a Psiquiatria e a Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência existindo avaliações psicomotoras, bem como intervenções com crianças, adolescentes e adultos, na área da saúde mental. O relatório expõe dois estudos-caso, demonstrando o trabalho desenvolvido, somando um enquadramento teórico, legal e institucional atual, bem como uma reflexão acerca da experiência de estágio. O primeiro estudo-caso remete para uma utente com Doença de Coreia de Huntington e o segundo estudo-caso refere-se a uma criança com atraso global do desenvolvimento psicomotor. Para cada estudo-caso é descrito todo o processo de avaliação, objetivos, programa terapêutico, resultados e conclusões. Da mencionada intervenção foi possível verificar melhorias, tanto a nível psicomotor, como cognitivo e sócio-emocional, demonstrando a importância da terapia psicomotora no contexto de saúde mental. As intervenções delineadas são elaboradas em equipa multidisciplinar para uma melhor compreensão do indivíduo. No final é realizado uma crítica a todos os níveis.

Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in Children and Its Associated Socio-Familial Factors in Urban Population of Semnan, Iran (2012)

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as “a state of well-being in which every individual realizes own potential, can cope with the normal pressures of life, is able to work effectively, and can make a contribution to community”. Objectives: Mental Health Problems (MHP) is a great concern for all societies in terms of its burden and impact. This survey screened MHP and its impact in an Iranian urban population aged 6 - 12 years old, and explored its associated socio-familial factors. Patients and Methods: The survey was conducted in the elementary schools of Semnan, using random cluster sampling. Collection and analysis of data was performed using the parent version of the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)” and survey commands of Stata-nine, taking into account cluster effect and population weights. Associations were assessed by fitting simple and multiple logistic regression models. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: With regard to the SDQ total score, 19.3% (95% CI: 8.6, 30.1) scored above the normal threshold (9.6% abnormal, 9.7% borderline). The frequency of problems ranged between 16.1% (peer problems) and 8.4% (emotional symptoms), and in all subscales boys were affected more than girls. The impact score was abnormal in 68.4% of all children, and was greater in girls than in boys. “A previously diagnosed mental health disorder” (OR = 11.11, 95% CI: 5.55, 25.00), “male gender” (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.87 and “less time spent with the child by father” (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.17) were significantly associated with an abnormal SDQ. Conclusions: The high rate of MHP in 6 - 12 year-old children and the lack of any significant correlation with their age, underpins the importance of early screening for MHP in schools, with particular focus on high risk groups.

The effect of pre- and postharvest calcium applications on 'Hayward' kiwifruit storage ability

The benefits of calcium applications pre and postharvest on fruit storage ability have been mentioned in the bibliography. It was objective of this work to study the effect of calcium preharvest application in two different forms and calcium chloride application postharvest on 'Hayward' kiwifruit storage ability. Kiwifruit vines were sprayed with 0.03% CaCl2 or 0.03% CaO at one, three and four months before harvest. The control did not have any treatment. After harvest, half fruits were dipped for 2 min in a solution of 1% CaCl2, left to dry and stored at 0 degrees C. The other half was stored at the same temperature without any treatment. The commercial yield was not affected by treatments. During storage, fruits dipped in 1% CaCl2 softened slower and than fruits not treated. Weight loss was higher in fruits treated with CaO preharvest. SSC showed a significant decrease in fruits sprayed with CaO from 4 to 6 months storage. This work suggests that immersion of kiwifruit in 1% CaCl2 postharvest benefits storage life capacity; preharvest spraying with CaCl2 seems to be better than with CaO. However, we have to try higher calcium concentrations in order to get better results in storage ability but, without causing toxicity on the vines.

Galanin and galanin fragment 1-15 modulate antidepressant responses by targeting 5-HT1AR-GALR heteroreceptor complexes of the ascending midbrain serotonin pathways.

Mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, are among the most prevalent mental illnesses with high socioeconomic impact. Although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined in the last decade the importance of the role of neuropeptides, including Galanin (GAL), and/or their receptors in the treatment of stress-related mood disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. GAL is involved in mood regulation, including depression-related and anxiety-like behaviors. Activation of GALR1 and GALR3 receptors results in a depression like behavior while stimulation of GALR2 receptor leads to anti-depressant-like effects. Moreover, GAL modulates 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR), a key receptor in depression at autoreceptor and postsynaptic level in the brain. This interaction can in part be due to the existence of GALR1-5-HT1AR heteroreceptor complexes in discrete brain regions [1]. Not only GAL but also the N-terminal fragments like GAL(1-15) are active in the Central Nervous System [2, 3]. Recently, we described that GAL(1-15) induces strong depression-related and anxiogenic-like effects in rats, and these effects were significantly stronger than the ones induced by GAL [4]. The GALR1-GALR2 heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal hippocampus and especially in the dorsal raphe (DR), areas rich in GAL(1-15) binding sites [5] were involved in these effects [4, 6] and demonstrated also in cellular models. In the present study, we have analyzed the ability of GAL(1-15) to modulate 5-HT1AR located at postjunctional sites and at the soma-dendritic level in rats. We have analyzed the effect of GAL(1-15) on the 5-HT1AR-mediated response in a behavioral test of depression and the involvement of the GALR2 in these effects. GAL(1-15) enhanced the antidepressant effects induced by the 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT in the forced swimming test [7]. These effects were stronger than the ones induced by GAL. The mechanism of this action involved interactions at the receptor level in the plasma membrane with changes also at the transcriptional level. Thus, GAL(1-15) affected the binding characteristics as well as the mRNA level of 5-HT1AR in the dorsal hippocampus and DR. GALR2 was involved in these effects, since the specific GALR2 antagonist M871 blocked GAL(1-15) mediated actions at the behavioral and receptor level [7]. Furthermore, the results on the proximity ligation assay (PLA) in this work suggest the existence of GALR1-GALR2-5-HT1AR heteroreceptor complexes since positive PLA were obtained for both GALR1-5-HT1AR and GALR2-5-HT1AR complexes in the DR and hippocampus. Moreover the studies on RN33B cells, where GALR1, GALR2 and 5-HT1AR exist [4], also showed PLA-positive clusters indicating the existence of GALR1-5-HT1AR and GALR2-5-HT1AR complexes in these cells [7]. In conclusion, our results indicate that GAL(1–15) enhances the antidepressant effects induced by the 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT probably acting on GALR1-GALR2-5-HT1AR heteroreceptor located at postjunctional sites and at the soma-dendritic level. The development of new drugs specifically targeting these heteroreceptor complexes may offer a novel strategy for treatment of depression. This work has been supported by Junta de Andalucia CVI646 1. Borroto-Escuela, D.O., et al., Galanin receptor-1 modulates 5-hydroxtryptamine-1A signaling via heterodimerization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2010. 393(4): p. 767-72. 2. Hedlund, P.B. and K. Fuxe, Galanin and 5-HT1A receptor interactions as an integrative mechanism in 5-HT neurotransmission in the brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1996. 780: p. 193-212. 3. Diaz-Cabiale, Z., et al., Neurochemical modulation of central cardiovascular control: the integrative role of galanin. EXS, 2010. 102: p. 113-31. 4. Millon, C., et al., A role for galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2015. 18(3). 5. Hedlund, P.B., N. Yanaihara, and K. Fuxe, Evidence for specific N-terminal galanin fragment binding sites in the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol, 1992. 224(2-3): p. 203-5. 6. Borroto-Escuela, D.O., et al., Preferential activation by galanin 1-15 fragment of the GalR1 protomer of a GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014. 452(3): p. 347-53. 7. Millon, C., et al., Galanin (1-15) enhances the antidepressant effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT: involvement of the raphe-hippocampal 5-HT neuron system. Brain Struct Funct, 2016.

Interventions pour soutenir les infirmières dans l'appropriation de l'évaluation de la condition mentale des adultes avec trouble mental hospitalisés en soins physiques

Travail dirigé présenté en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en sciences infirmières, option expertise-conseil

Exploring Calling Work Orientation: Construct Clarity and Organizational Implications

Employees maintain a personal view toward their work, which can be referred to as their work orientation. Some employees view their work as their life’s purpose (i.e., calling work orientation) and they tend to be 1) prosocially motivated, 2) derive meaning from work, and 3) feel that their purpose is from beyond the self. The purpose of the current dissertation was to differentiate calling work orientation from other similar workplace constructs, to investigate the most common covariates of calling work orientation, and to empirically test two possible moderators of the relationship between calling work orientation and work-related outcomes of job satisfaction, job performance, and work engagement. Two independent samples were collected for the purpose of testing hypotheses: data were collected from 520 working students and from 520 non-student employees. Participants from the student sample were recruited at Florida International University, and participants from the employee sample were recruited via the Amazon Mechanical Turk website. Participants from the student sample answered demographic questions and responded to self-report measures of job satisfaction, job performance, work engagement, spirituality, meaningful work, prosocial motivation, and work orientation. The procedure was similar for the employee sample, but their survey also included measures of counterproductive work behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, conscientiousness, and numerical ability. Additionally, employees were asked whether they would be willing to have a direct supervisor, peer, co-worker, client, or subordinate rate their job performance. Hierarchical regression findings suggest calling work orientation was predictive of overall job performance above and beyond two common predictors of performance, conscientiousness and numerical ability. The results for the covariate analyses provided evidence that prosocial motivation, meaningful work, and spirituality do play a significant role in the development of an employees’ work orientation. Perceived career opportunities moderated the relationship between calling work orientation and job performance for the employee sample. Core self-evaluations moderated the relationship between calling work orientation and job performance, and core self-evaluations moderated the relationship between calling work orientation and work engagement. Collectively, findings from the current study highlight the benefits of examining work orientation in the prediction of workplace outcomes.