Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent falls in older people: a systematic overview. The SENATOR Project ONTOP Series

Background: Falls are common events in older people, which cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Non-pharmacological interventions are an important approach to prevent falls. There are a large number of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions, whose evidence needs to be synthesized in order to facilitate evidence-based clinical decision making. Objectives: To systematically examine reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated non-pharmacological interventions to prevent falls in older adults in the community, care facilities and hospitals. Methods: We searched the electronic databases Pubmed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDRO and TRIP from January 2009 to March 2015, for systematic reviews that included at least one comparative study, evaluating any non-pharmacological intervention, to prevent falls amongst older adults. The quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR and ProFaNE taxonomy was used to organize the interventions. Results: Fifty-nine systematic reviews were identified which consisted of single, multiple and multi-factorial non-pharmacological interventions to prevent falls in older people. The most frequent ProFaNE defined interventions were exercises either alone or combined with other interventions, followed by environment/assistive technology interventions comprising environmental modifications, assistive and protective aids, staff education and vision assessment/correction. Knowledge was the third principle class of interventions as patient education. Exercise and multifactorial interventions were the most effective treatments to reduce falls in older adults, although not all types of exercise were equally effective in all subjects and in all settings. Effective exercise programs combined balance and strength training. Reviews with a higher AMSTAR score were more likely to contain more primary studies, to be updated and to perform meta-analysis. Conclusions: The aim of this overview of reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent falls in older people in different settings, is to support clinicians and other healthcare workers with clinical decision-making by providing a comprehensive perspective of findings.

Mcardle disease: Update of reported mutations and polymorphisms in the Pygm gene

McArdle disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by inherited deficiency of the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (or ‘myophosphorylase´), which catalyzes the first step of glycogen catabolism, releasing glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen deposits. As a result, muscle metabolism is impaired, leading to different degrees of exercise intolerance. Patients range from asymptomatic to severely affected, including in some cases limitations in activities of daily living. The PYGM gene codifies myophosphoylase and to date 147 pathogenic mutations and 39 polymorphisms have been reported. Exon 1 and 17 are mutational hot-spots in PYGM and 50% of the described mutations are missense.

Validity of the physical activity questionnaires IPAQ-SF and GPAQ for Cancer Survivors: Insights from a Spanish cohort

Regular physical activity (PA) decreases mortality risk in survivors of breast and colorectal cancer. Such impacts of exercise have prompted initiatives designed both to promote and adequately monitor PA in cancer survivors. This study examines the validity of 2 widely used self-report methods for PA determination, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version (IPAQ-SF) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Both instruments were compared with the triaxial accelerometry (Actigraph) method as an objective reference standard. Study participants were 204 cancer survivors (both sexes, aged 18-79 years). Compared with accelerometry, both questionnaires significantly overestimated PA levels (across all intensities) and underestimated physical inactivity levels. No differences were detected between the 2 questionnaires except for a shorter inactivity time estimated by GPAQ (p=0.001). The Bland and Altman method confirmed that both questionnaires overestimated all PA levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis classified IPAQ and GPAQ as fair and poor predictors, respectively, of the proportions of survivors fulfilling international PA recommendations (≥150 min·week-1 of moderate-vigorous PA). IPAQ-SF showed a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than GPAQ. Our data do not support the use of IPAQ-SF or GPAQ to determine PA or inactivity levels in cancer survivors.

Influence of the natural environment on health: evaluation of different environmental contexts (urban, green spaces) and intervention proposals

Urbanization has grown during the last decades, with an increase in population concentrated in cities. Cities are usually relatively nature-poor, and the loss of green urban space likely leads to less contact with the natural world for urban dwellers. It is known that the natural environment could provide important advantages, and the loss of contact with this type of environment has potential negative impacts on the quality of life. The use of green urban space demonstrated stronger benefits for mental health and stress reduction. In general, exposure to green urban space is linked to a reduction in mortality rates, due to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Green urban space could be an optimal environment in which to perform physical activity. Undertaking regular physical activity is one of the major determinants of health. The benefits of exercise have been widely demonstrated through a wide range of studies. Benefits are linked to the treatment and prevention of most chronic and non-communicable diseases, that are not contagious, but they are usually long-lasting. Regular physical activity could reduce mental health problems, such as anxiety. The World Health Organization proposed to improve physical activity programs through the implementation of interventions in green urban spaces. Green urban space provides a safe, accessible, and attractive place to perform physical activity. All the interventions aimed to promote the practice of physical activity and to reduce sedentary behavior are important. It is well known that physical activity has several positive effects, a great amount of the population remains inactive. A good strategy could be to show people how integrated physical activity into their all-day life, for example through the use of green urban space or active commuting. The results in the present thesis showed the effectiveness of performing physical activity in a natural environment and of active commuting.

Correlação entre o ponto de compensação respiratoria e desempenho em corredores de rua

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Comparação dos indicadores funcionais e bioquimicos em homens de meia-idade submetidos a treinamento aerobio e corredores de longa distancia

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Estudo comparativo das respostas autonomicas cardiovasculares entre corredores de provas de fundo, halterofilistas e sedentarios

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Análise de biomarcadores sanguíneos em estímulos anaeróbios máximos no nado crawl

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Trabalho, tempo livre e emancipação humana : os determinantes ontologicos das politicas sociais de lazer

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Efeito da ingestão de cafeina sobre o deficit acumulado de oxigenio, sinal eletromiografico dos musculos superficiais do quadriceps e desempenho fisico de ciclistas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Treinamento fisico militar e aptidão fisica relacionada a saude : estudo a partir de conscritos do Tiro-de-Guerra 02-40 Sorocaba, S.P

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

A pratica de exercicios resistidos por pessoas com esclerose multipla

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Futebol : as cargas concentradas de força e a dinamica da alteração das capacidades biomotoras no macrociclo anual de treinamento

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Estudo dos ajustes cardiorrespiratorios ao exercicio fisico dinamico em adolescentes

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Hormônio do crescimento e exercício físico: considerações atuais

Embora o hormônio do crescimento (GH) seja um dos hormônios mais estudados, vários de seus aspectos fisiológicos ainda não estão integralmente esclarecidos, incluindo sua relação com o exercício físico. Estudos mais recentes têm aumentado o conhecimento a respeito dos mecanismos de ação do GH, podendo ser divididos em: 1) ações diretas, mediadas pela rede de sinalizações intracelulares, desencadeadas pela ligação do GH ao seu receptor na membrana plasmática; e 2) ações indiretas, mediadas principalmente pela regulação da síntese dos fatores de crescimento semelhantes à insulina (IGF). Tem sido demonstrado que o exercício físico é um potente estimulador da liberação do GH. A magnitude deste aumento sofre influência de diversos fatores, em especial, da intensidade e do volume do exercício, além do estado de treinamento. Atletas, normalmente, apresentam menor liberação de GH induzida pelo exercício que indivíduos sedentários ou pouco treinados. Evidências experimentais demonstram que o GH: 1) favorece a mobilização de ácidos graxos livres do tecido adiposo para geração de energia; 2) aumenta a capacidade de oxidação de gordura e 3) aumenta o gasto energético.