Vivre avec un statut « dangereux » : l’expérience pénale d’hommes déclarés « délinquants dangereux » ou « délinquants à contrôler »

Cette recherche qualitative a comme objectif de comprendre et d’analyser l’expérience pénale d’individus ayant été déclarés « délinquants dangereux » ou « délinquants à contrôler », en vertu des dispositions légales prévues à la Partie XXIV (articles 752 et suivantes) du Code criminel canadien. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons voulu mettre en lumière comment se vit l’apposition de ce statut « dangereux » au plan personnel et social au moment des procédures judiciaires, lors de l’exécution de leur peine d’incarcération et dans le cadre de leur liberté surveillée, le cas échéant. Pour ce faire, nous avons rencontré dix-neuf hommes visés par ces dispositions légales afin de restituer en profondeur leur expérience pénale par rapport à ce « statut » légalement imposé, et ce, à partir de leur point de vue. Il en ressort que les individus faisant l’objet d’une déclaration spéciale traversent un grand bouleversement émotif, d’une part, en lien avec les délits qu’ils ont commis et d’autre part, relativement à la peine leur ayant été imposée. Ces sentiments complexes semblent se positionner en paradoxe entre un sentiment de culpabilité pour les gestes commis et l’impression d’avoir été traités injustement. Les hommes rencontrés partagent également un parcours pénal difficile marqué par de l’exclusion, du rejet ainsi que des mauvais traitements physiques ou psychologiques. Ils rapportent beaucoup d’impuissance à pouvoir faire évoluer leur situation, soit de se défaire de leur statut « dangereux ». Enfin, l’analyse des propos rapportés montre que l’imposition d’une déclaration spéciale ne constitue pas une « simple » peine puisqu’elle induit un processus de stigmatisation immédiat, discréditant et permanent qui a des implications importantes au niveau social et personnel. Ces implications ont de fait, engendré une transformation à l’égard de la perception qu’ils ont d’eux-mêmes ainsi que dans leurs façons de se comporter socialement.

Psychosocial, musculoskeletal and somatoform comorbidity in patients with chronic low back pain: original results from the Dutch Transition Project

International audience

BURNOUT: analisando a síndrome do ramo das indústrias alimentícias do Rio Grande do Norte

This paper aims to verify the Burnout´s possibilities of incidence, finding the creating dimensions and comparing with the socio-demographics characteristics of the researched professionals. This quantitative-descriptive search has a population of 197 workers of 23 nourishing companies in Rio Grande do Norte. This population is predominantly male, younger than 28 years old, single, relatively instructed (57,07% with complete high school) and having just started their current job since 79% of the interviewees are in the company less than six years. The AUDITORIA DO SISTEMA HUMANO (ASH) model, utilized for investigation and developed for the Spaniards Quijano and Navarro in 1999, has several dimensions about human resources management and the organizational effectiveness, but only makes part of the research in 19 questions Burnout referring. It was used factorial analyses with extraction method, varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization with the intuition to define the creating dimensions of the syndrome, they were evaluated with Cronbach Alpha coefficient after extraction. The dimensions found through the factorial analyses were: emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion and vitality. The accumulated explanation value reached 65,30% of total variation. The data socio-demographics don t justify the syndrome appearance, because the T test and ANOVA showed irrelevant values. It has been also observed that the founded dimensions were different of the Maslach sociopsychological perspective (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional realization) allowing comparison with others researches and the possibility to develop new ones with workers from different assistance areas. These new researches are important, since the syndrome refers to chronic labor stress consequences and any professional is favorable to Burnout, harmful to the company as to the collaborators

Thermal and exergy analysis for evaluation and optimization of performance of cooling towers for fresh water and seawater

In this study, thermal, exergetic analysis and performance evaluation of seawater and fresh wet cooling tower and the effect of parameters on its performance is investigated. With using of energy and mass balance equations, experimental results, a mathematical model and EES code developed. Due to lack of fresh water, seawater cooling is interesting choice for future of cooling, so the effect of seawater in the range of 1gr/kg to 60gr/kg for salinity on the performance characteristics like air efficiency, water efficiency, output water temperature of cooling tower, flow of the exergy, and the exergy efficiency with comparison with fresh water examined. Decreasing of air efficiency about 3%, increasing of water efficiency about 1.5% are some of these effects. Moreover with formation of fouling the performance of cooling tower decreased about 15% which this phenomena and its effects like increase in output water temperature and tower excess volume has been showed and also accommodate with others work. Also optimization for minimizing cost, maximizing air efficiency, and minimizing exergy destruction has been done, results showed that optimization on minimizing the exergy destruction has been satisfy both minimization of the cost and the maximization of the air efficiency, although it will not necessarily permanent for all inputs and optimizations. Validation of this work is done by comparing computational results and experimental data which showed that the model have a good accuracy.

Online Supplement to ‘Myopic Allocation Policy with Asymptotically Optimal Sampling Rate’

This document is the Online Supplement to ‘Myopic Allocation Policy with Asymptotically Optimal Sampling Rate,’ to be published in the IEEE Transactions of Automatic Control in 2017.

Learning to construct our identities over the life course: a study with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender adults in Scotland

To date, adult educational research has had a limited focus on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) adults and the learning processes in which they engage across the life course. Adopting a biographical and life history methodology, this study aimed to critically explore the potentially distinctive nature and impact of how, when and where LGBT adults learn to construct their identities over their lives. In-depth, semi-structured interviews, dialogue and discussion with LGBT individuals and groups provided rich narratives that reflect shifting, diverse and multiple ways of identifying and living as LGBT. Participants engage in learning in unique ways that play a significant role in the construction and expression of such identities, that in turn influence how, when and where learning happens. Framed largely by complex heteronormative forces, learning can have a negative, distortive impact that deeply troubles any balanced, positive sense of being LGBT, leading to self- censoring, alienation and in some cases, hopelessness. However, learning is also more positively experiential, critically reflective, inventive and queer in nature. This can transform how participants understand their sexual identities and the lifewide spaces in which they learn, engendering agency and resilience. Intersectional perspectives reveal learning that participants struggle with, but can reconcile the disjuncture between evolving LGBT and other myriad identities as parents, Christians, teachers, nurses, academics, activists and retirees. The study’s main contributions lie in three areas. A focus on LGBT experience can contribute to the creation of new opportunities to develop intergenerational learning processes. The study also extends the possibilities for greater criticality in older adult education theory, research and practice, based on the continued, rich learning in which participants engage post-work and in later life. Combined with this, there is scope to further explore the nature of ‘life-deep learning’ for other societal groups, brought by combined religious, moral, ideological and social learning that guides action, beliefs, values, and expression of identity. The LGBT adults in this study demonstrate engagement in distinct forms of life-deep learning to navigate social and moral opprobrium. From this they gain hope, self-respect, empathy with others, and deeper self-knowledge.

Home Literacy Activities in Latino Immigrant Families: Contributions to Toddlers’ Expressive and Receptive Language Skills

The development of language is a critical component of early childhood, enabling children to communicate their wishes and desires, share thoughts, and build meaning through linguistic interactions with others. A wealth of research has highlighted the importance of children’s early home experiences in fostering language development. This literature emphasizes the importance of a stimulating and supportive home environment in which children are engaged in literacy activities such as reading, telling stories, or singing songs with their parents. This study examined the association between low-income Latino immigrant mothers’ and fathers’ home literacy activities and their children’s receptive and expressive language skills. It also examined the moderating influence of maternal (i.e., reading quality and language quality) and child (engagement during reading, interest in literacy activities) characteristics on this association. This study included observational mother-child reading interactions, child expressive and receptive language assessments, and mother- and father-reported survey data. Controlling for parental education, multiple regression analyses revealed a positive association between home literacy activities and children’s receptive and expressive language skills. The findings also revealed that mothers’ reading quality and children’s engagement during reading (for expressive language skills only) moderated this association. Findings from this study will help inform new interventions, programs, and policies that build on Latino families’ strengths.

Social dominance modulates eavesdropping in zebrafish

Group living animals may eavesdrop on signalling interactions between conspecifics and integrate it with their own past social experience in order to optimize the use of relevant information from others. However, little is known about this interplay between public (eavesdropped) and private social information. To investigate it, we first manipulated the dominance status of bystander zebrafish. Next, we either allowed or prevented bystanders from observing a fight. Finally, we assessed their behaviour towards the winners and losers of the interaction, using a custom-made video-tracking system and directional analysis. We found that only dominant bystanders who had seen the fight revealed a significant increase in directional focus (a measure of attention) towards the losers of the fights. Furthermore, our results indicate that information about the fighters' acquired status was collected from the signalling interaction itself and not from post-interaction status cues, which implies the existence of individual recognition in zebrafish. Thus, we show for the first time that zebrafish, a highly social model organism, eavesdrop on conspecific agonistic interactions and that this process is modulated by the eavesdroppers' dominance status. We suggest that this type of integration of public and private information may be ubiquitous in social learning processes.

Aspectos do gerenciamento de riscos de tecnologia da informação nas empresas: um estudo de caso múltiplos

The information technology - IT- benefits have been more perceived during the last decades. Both IT and business managers are dealing with subjects like governance, IT-Business alignment, information security and others on their top priorities. Talking about governance, specifically, managers are facing it with a technical approach, that gives emphasis on protection against invasions, antivirus systems, access controls and others technical issues. The IT risk management, commonly, is faced under this approach, that means, has its importance reduced and delegated to IT Departments. On the last two decades, a new IT risk management perspective raised, bringing an holistic view of IT risk to the organization. According to this new perspective, the strategies formulation process should take into account the IT risks. With the growing of IT dependence on most of organizations, the necessity of a better comprehension about the subject becomes more clear. This work shows a study in three public organizations of the Pernambuco State that investigates how those organizations manage their IT risks. Structured interviews were made with IT managers, and later, analyzed and compared with conceptual categories found in the literature. The results shows that the IT risks culture and IT governance are weakly understood and implemented on those organizations, where there are not such an IT risk methodology formally defined, neither executed. In addition, most of practices suggested in the literature were found, even without an alignment with an IT risks management process

O fim sob o olhar da inocência : Representações da morte na infância

A morte suscita-nos grande inquietação (e.g., Oliveira, 2008). Especialmente entre as crianças, perdidas na incompreensão, silêncio e repressão psicológica por parte dos adultos. Nesta investigação averiguamos as representações sociais, da morte e da vida, entre crianças dos 8 aos 11 anos, escolarizadas de ambos os sexos. As meninas representam a morte pelo medo que suscita, e pela sua dimensão ritualista, enquanto que os meninos a percecionam sobretudo por sentimento de mal-estar e impotência. Sobre a vida, os meninos evidenciam uma visão mais hedonista do que elas, que salientam a interação com o outro e as questões afetivo-emocionais. As representações das raparigas aproximam-se mais das dos sujeitos de 10-11 anos, enquanto que as dos rapazes se aproximam das dos participantes de 8-9 anos. Esperamos contribuir para o modo como as crianças representam a morte e, para uma educação para a morte e para a vida. ABSTRACT; Death rouses great uneasiness (e.g., Oliveira, 2008). Especially among children who are lost amid the incomprehension, silence and psychological repression of adults. This research examines social representations of life and death among school attending children of both sexes, between the ages of 8 and 11 years old. Girls represent death for both the fear it rouses and its ritualistic dimension, while boys mostly perceive it as a feeling of uneasiness and impotence. Regarding life, boys show a more hedonistic vision than girls, who give relevance to interacting with. others, and to affective and emotional issues. The representations of girls are closer to those of the 10-11-year-old subjects, while the representations of boys are closer to those of the 8-9-year-old participants. We hope to contribute to the way children represent death, and to an education on death and life.

Vigilância eletrônica no trabalho bancário: do controle consentido ao totalitarismo corporativo

This dissertation addresses the electronic surveillance theme in the banking context. The research that originated it, which was held in an organization called for the fiction name Banco Total, started from the following driving question: How do workers at a bank perceive electronic surveillance at their process of work? The research s main objective was to comprehend how workers perceive electronic surveillance at their process of work. The study adopted an interdisciplinary perspective, having Management as the original field, establishing a dialogue with others disciplines, like Philosophy and Sociology. About its methodology, it s a qualitative research that addressed its object in oral (interviews with live history elements) way. . Ten individuals were interviewed. The analytical process utilized the hermeneutical-dialectics technique.. From the analyses (hermeneutics) of the data, the following themes have emerged: (i) Acquiescence ; (ii) Monitoring; (iii) Time and Motion; (iv) Fear; (v) Interdiction; and (vi) Resistance . From the discussion (dialectic) of the results, this work presents three synthetic propositions that culminate in the following dimensions (i) control; (ii) acquiescence; (iii) corporative totalitarianism. It can be concluded that electronic surveillance is one mechanism of control emerged from the apply of technology at Total Bank; that information technology has been improving the control mechanisms of management theories; and that the imbrications between management and material technology control mechanisms at a context where there is acquiescence by workers contribute for the emergency of corporative totalitarianism components

Invisible, therefore isolated: comparative effects of team virtuality with task virtuality on workplace isolation and work outcomes

The new standards of technological and flexible arrangements have made virtual work prevalent for almost everyone in all levels of an organization. Whether in a virtual or traditional setting, current working conditions allow anyone to collaborate, work and interact with others through electronic means of communication, thereby creating a lack of face-to-face contact. Even though the dynamics of virtuality have been widely elaborated at the team level, there are still many unknowns about the impacts of virtuality experienced at an individual level. This paper aims to shed light on the relationship between workplace social isolation, job satisfaction, perceived performance and turnover intention comparing individual responses to team virtuality and task virtuality. Our findings propose that there are statistically significant relations between individual task virtuality, workplace social isolation, satisfaction, perceived performance and turnover intention in organizations. The results also reveal that task virtuality is a better predictor than team virtuality in estimating workplace social isolation and turnover intention.

A piada e a narrativa conversacional de cariz humorístico : um breve estudo comparativo

O Humor é uma das bases da interação social humana e, por conseguinte, uma parte importante das relações que os indivíduos de uma sociedade estabelecem uns com os outros, utilizando-o com as mais variadas intenções. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar nos dois subgéneros narrativos humorísticos - a Piada e a Narrativa Conversacional de Cariz Humorístico - as semelhanças e as diferenças na construção das suas estruturas, na utilização das estratégias interacionais usadas pelos interlocutores durante as interações, bem como alguns elementos avaliativos que traduzem as reações dos intervenientes perante as narrativas ouvidas. Na primeira parte, procedemos à referência das principais linhas teóricas que norteiam o tema do presente trabalho. Neste âmbito, referenciamos os quadros teóricos como o de Raskin (1985) e o de Morais (2010), tendo este último sido utilizado como ferramenta base nas nossas análises. Na segunda parte, analisámos Piadas e Narrativas Conversacionais de Cariz Humorístico, uns retirados do Corpus Morais (2010), outros de um Corpus por nós criado (Furtado (2014)). A partir desta análise constatou-se que (i) a estrutura tanto da Piada como da Narrativa Conversacional de Cariz Humorístico se constrói de forma muito semelhante; (ii) o Ataque na Narrativa Conversacional de Cariz Humorístico se assemelha em muito ao Ataque da Piada; (iii) que o modo como o locutor constrói a Orientação e a Ação na Piada é, de um modo geral, fixo; (iv) que ambos os géneros narrativos contêm formas de qualificação dos enunciados muito semelhantes; (v) que o trigger das Piadas opõe sempre duas ideias distintas, conforme o preconizado por Raskin; (vi) que tanto nas Piadas como nas Narrativas Conversacionais de Cariz Humorístico os interlocutores necessitam de partilhar os mesmos conhecimentos prévios para que o objetivo final do locutor seja alcançado, isto é, o riso.

Functional Neuroimaging of the Social Regulation of Emotion in Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are characterized by deficits in normative experiences and expression of emotion. Social anhedonia (diminished pleasure from social experiences) is one negative symptom that may impact patients’ motivation to engage in meaningful social relationships. Past research has begun to examine the mechanisms that underlie social anhedonia, but it is unclear how this lack of social interest may impact the typically positive effects of social buffering and social baseline theory whereby social support attenuates stress. The present pilot study examines how social affiliation through hand holding is related to subjective and neural threat processing, negative symptoms, and social functioning. Twenty-one participants (14 controls; 7 schizophrenia) developed social affiliation with a member of the research staff who served as the supportive partner during the threat task. Participants displayed greater subjective benefit to holding the hand of their partner during times of stress relative to being alone or with an anonymous experimenter, as indicated by self-reported increased positive valence and decreased arousal ratings. When examining the effects of group, hand holding, and their interaction on the neurological experience of threat during the fMRI task, the results were not significant. However, exploratory analyses identified preliminary data suggesting that controls experienced small relative increases in BOLD signal to threat when alone compared to being with the anonymous experimenter or their partner, whereas the schizophrenia group results indicated subtle relative decreases in BOLD signal to threat when alone compared to either of the hand holding conditions. Additionally, within the schizophrenia group, more positive valence in the partner condition was associated with less severe negative symptoms, better social functioning, and more social affiliation, whereas less arousal was correlated with more social affiliation. Our pilot study offers initial insights about the difficulties of building and using social affiliation and support through hand holding with individuals with schizophrenia during times of stress. Further research is necessary to clarify which types of support may be more or less beneficial to individuals with schizophrenia who may experience social anhedonia or paranoia with others that may challenge the otherwise positive effects of social buffering and maintaining a social baseline.

Depressão na Adolescência: Um Estudo de Caso

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.