Étude critique sur le rôle de la femme dans Les Soleils des indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma

Sur la base des travaux de Simone de Beauvoir Deuxième sexe I et Deuxième sexe II, et d’autres articles importants, une analyse sur la condition et la conception des femmes dans Les Soleils des indépendances a été effectuée dans le but d’étudier l’image de la femme postcoloniale africaine en général, et ivoirienne en particulier comparativement à celle d’avant l’indépendance. En examinant les conditions de la femme dans Les Soleils des indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma nous nous sommes retrouvés confrontés à certaines idées telles que la soumission, la société patriarcale, la femme traditionnelle, la femme moderne, la liberté, la femme comme mère mais aussi comme objet et victime des atrocités liées aux coutumes et traditions. Malgré l’accession de la Côte d’Ivoire à l’indépendance cette condition n’a pas été améliorée, et c’est ce que l’auteur dénonce indirectement et peut-être inconsciemment.

Do Editorial Policies Support Ethical Research? A Thematic Text Analysis of Author Instructions in Psychiatry Journals

Introduction: According to the Declaration of Helsinki and other guidelines, clinical studies should be approved by a research ethics committee and seek valid informed consent from the participants. Editors of medical journals are encouraged by the ICMJE and COPE to include requirements for these principles in the journal's instructions for authors. This study assessed the editorial policies of psychiatry journals regarding ethics review and informed consent. Methods and Findings: The information given on ethics review and informed consent and the mentioning of the ICMJE and COPE recommendations were assessed within author's instructions and online submission procedures of all 123 eligible psychiatry journals. While 54% and 58% of editorial policies required ethics review and informed consent, only 14% and 19% demanded the reporting of these issues in the manuscript. The TOP-10 psychiatry journals (ranked by impact factor) performed similarly in this regard. Conclusions: Only every second psychiatry journal adheres to the ICMJE's recommendation to inform authors about requirements for informed consent and ethics review. Furthermore, we argue that even the ICMJE's recommendations in this regard are insufficient, at least for ethically challenging clinical trials. At the same time, ideal scientific design sometimes even needs to be compromised for ethical reasons. We suggest that features of clinical studies that make them morally controversial, but not necessarily unethical, are analogous to methodological limitations and should thus be reported explicitly. Editorial policies as well as reporting guidelines such as CONSORT should be extended to support a meaningful reporting of ethical research.

How Psychiatry Journals Support the Unbiased Translation of Clinical Research. A Cross-Sectional Study of Editorial Policies

Introduction: Reporting guidelines (e. g. CONSORT) have been developed as tools to improve quality and reduce bias in reporting research findings. Trial registration has been recommended for countering selective publication. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) encourages the implementation of reporting guidelines and trial registration as uniform requirements (URM). For the last two decades, however, biased reporting and insufficient registration of clinical trials has been identified in several literature reviews and other investigations. No study has so far investigated the extent to which author instructions in psychiatry journals encourage following reporting guidelines and trial registration. Method: Psychiatry Journals were identified from the 2011 Journal Citation Report. Information given in the author instructions and during the submission procedure of all journals was assessed on whether major reporting guidelines, trial registration and the ICMJE's URM in general were mentioned and adherence recommended. Results: We included 123 psychiatry journals (English and German language) in our analysis. A minority recommend or require 1) following the URM (21%), 2) adherence to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT, PRISMA, STROBE (23%, 7%, 4%), or 3) registration of clinical trials (34%). The subsample of the top-10 psychiatry journals (ranked by impact factor) provided much better but still improvable rates. For example, 70% of the top-10 psychiatry journals do not ask for the specific trial registration number. Discussion: Under the assumption that better reported and better registered clinical research that does not lack substantial information will improve the understanding, credibility, and unbiased translation of clinical research findings, several stakeholders including readers (physicians, patients), authors, reviewers, and editors might benefit from improved author instructions in psychiatry journals. A first step of improvement would consist in requiring adherence to the broadly accepted reporting guidelines and to trial registration.

Characterization and Predictors of Paranoid Ideation in Youths

Paranoid ideation is a common thought process that constitutes a defense against perceived social threats. The current study aimed at the characterization of paranoid ideation in youths and to explore the possible predictors involved in the development of paranoid ideations. Paranoid ideation, shame, submission, early childhood memories and current depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology were assessed in a sample of 1516 Portuguese youths. Higher frequencies of paranoid ideation were observed, particularly in females and youths from lower socioeconomic status. The main predictors identified relates to submissive behaviors and adverse childhood experiences, and especially to shame feelings. The current study emphasizes that the predictors are similar to findings in adults and clinical populations, and future implications to research and clinical practice aiming at paranoid ideations are discussed, as well as the pertinence of the study of mediating factors that allow a wider understanding of this thought process in younger populations and the prevention of psychopathology in adulthood.

The European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine – The First Two Years

The European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine (EJCRIM) is just over two years old. To date 400 reports have been submitted and just under half have been accepted for publication. In order to keep costs down our initial policy was to charge a small fee for all submissions, and a further small publication fee for papers that were accepted. However, we have now abolished the submission charge and replaced it with a single, slightly increased, publication charge for all accepted papers.

Contributos das estruturas de orientação educativa na gestão escolar: Estudo de caso no agrupamento de escolas nº 4 de Évora

A presente investigação iniciou-se a partir da identificação do problema/ questão de partida: Quais os contributos das estruturas de orientação educativa para a gestão e administração escolar? Esta questão foi o fio condutor da presente investigação, "Contributos das Estruturas de Orientação Educativa na Gestão e Administração Escolar - Estudo de Caso no Agrupamento de Escolas nº 4 de Évora". Neste sentido, constituíram-se como objectivos específicos da presente investigação os seguintes: • Avaliar o funcionamento das estruturas de orientação educativa do Agrupamento de Escolas n.º 4 de Évora. • Identificar os pontos fortes e fracos da intervenção das estruturas de orientação na gestão e administração do Agrupamento de Escolas n.º 4 de Évora. • Elaborar um plano de acção com vista à optimização das estruturas de orientação educativa. Em relação ao estudo empírico, e como forma de dar resposta às questões da investigação, optámos por uma metodologia mista, quantitativa e qualitativa. Após a apresentação dos dados recolhidos, da sua análise e respectiva interpretação, apurámos as seguintes conclusões: A maioria dos inquiridos, neste caso, os docentes, têm opinião favorável em relação às diferentes estruturas, ressalva-se pela negativa a Associação de Pais/Encarregados de Educação, devido a estar inactiva e, pela positiva o Conselho Executivo, consideram-no como um órgão dinamizador de todas as estruturas do Agrupamento; a maioria dos não docentes tem boa opinião sobre o desempenho das suas funções e revela a importância da sua representação no Conselho Pedagógico e na Assembleia de Escola. Os pais e encarregados de educação inquiridos, são consensuais em relação à colaboração com os professores, principalmente com o Director de Turma. Os Directores de Turma inquiridos referem a colaboração com os pais e encarregados de educação, e realçam o papel do órgão de gestão como dinamizador da Associação de Pais/Encarregados de Educação. Os membros da Assembleia de Escola inquiridos, consideram o seu desempenho como activo e dinamizador no processo de aplicação do novo regime de autonomia. No final da nossa dissertação, expressámos as recomendações, acções e sugestões que possam potenciar futuras investigações. ABSTRACT; The present investigation started from the identification of the problem/ beginning question: What are the contributions of the structures of educational guidance for the management and school administration? This question was the guide line of the research, "Contributions of the Structures of Educational Guidance for the Management and School Administration- Exploratory study in the 4th Group of Schools of Évora". ln this sense, the specific objectives of this investigation are the following: • Evaluate the function of the structures of educational guidance of the 4th Group of Évora. • ldentify the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention of structures of educational guidance in the management and administration of the 4th Group of Évora. • Elaborate an action plan to optimize the structures of educational guidance. For the empirical study and in order to address the question of the investigation, was chosen a mixed methodology, quantitative and qualitative. After submission of the collected data, of their analysis and their interpretation, we established the following conclusions: Most of the participants, in this case teachers, have favorable opinion towards the different structures, noted as a negative feature is the Parents Association, due to be inactive, and the Executive Board as positive, because it is viewed as a promoter of all the structures of the Group; most of the non-teaching staff have a good opinion about the performance of its functions and shows the importance of their representation on the Executive Board and in the School Assembly. The parents who participate in the inquiry are in agreement with the teachers regarding the corporation between them, particularly with the Class Director. The Class Directors respondents mention the cooperation with the parents and enhance the role of the Executive Board as a promoter of the Parents Association. The members of the School Assembly respondents consider their performance as active and dynamic in the application process of the new system of autonomy. In the end of this thesis we express our recommendations, actions and suggestions that may promote future research.

Vagabundos e criminosos: o trabalho como mecanismo de poder e índice de criminalização no discurso jurídico-penal de reinserção social dos apenados

This study was a critical investigation of the configuration of discourse on work in the Brazilian criminal legal discourse. We problematized the discourse of an alleged reintegrative social function proposed by the criminal legal system and analyzed the role of such discourse in the core of disciplinary power strategies that impose on individuals the honest worker condition as a major criterion for their rehabilitation and return to society as citizens. This critique is our starting point to build the argument that discourse on work as it appears in current criminal legal texts operates more as a criminalization index of those who do not have a lawful occupation than a guarantee of legitimate social transit for convicts and recognition of their dignity. For this purpose, we used as corpus the main sources of Law, namely the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Penal Code, the Penal Execution Law, the Brazilian criminal doctrine and an extensive, more recent penal jurisprudence with regard to techniques of resocialization through work. This critical line enabled us to recognize complexity and plurality of discourses - antagonistic, at times - that build the world of work as portrayed in legal texts. We also sought reference in the discussion on the centrality of work as a formative category of the social being as well as theories that defend the non-centrality of work. Throughout our investigation, we sough to question the very condition of such centrality and to understand the ways in which it was possible to produce a legitimating discourse on work as a model of emancipatory social conduct defended and demanded by the Brazilian punitive system. In a context of precariousness, unemployment and flexibilization of the world of work in contemporary society, convicts hardly ever succeed to resume the identity of honest, hard-working citizens - and no longer offenders. In this context, we also questioned the formulation of a discourse that speaks about human labor as the essence of man and criticizes the Marxist vision that is based on work centrality, and we approached the concept of Michel Foucault, our theoretician of reference, who understands work more as a mechanism of power that promotes the individuals’ submission and adaptation to a goods-producing society than the natural activity of man. We ascribe our study to the field of questions that tackle the political conception of the body as subject to labor imposed as productive and political force. It is about the issue of political technology of individuals, a technology of power, as named by the French author. The intended analysis has not dismissed the material existence of labor relations but sought to discuss the validity of a discourse that considers work the main resource for convict rehabilitation and index for the recognition of dignity and honesty. The Foucauldian discourse analysis was the foundation for the investigation of our object, especially if we understand discourses as social practices with power to institute knowledge and produce truths.

Formy konsensualizmu procesowego w świetle ostatnich nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania karnego

W artykule przedstawiono istniejące w polskiej procedurze karnej formy konsensualizmu procesowego. Opisane zostały przesłanki wystąpienia z wnioskami o skazanie bez rozprawy (art. 335 § 1 i 2 Kodeksu postępowania karnego), warunki dobrowolnego poddania się odpowiedzialności karnej oraz instytucji przewidzianej w art. 338a Kodeksu postępowania karnego. Przedstawiona została również ewolucja uprawnień osoby pokrzywdzonej przestępstwem w kontekście rozwiązań konsensualnych oraz realizacja celów postępowania karnego w odniesieniu do wspomnianych trybów. Uwzględniając zmiany wprowadzone przez ostatnie nowelizacje podkreślono rolę porozumień, wskazując ich liczne zalety, zastosowanie w praktyce oraz konsekwencje, jakie wywołują w kolejnych etapach procesu. Zwrócono także uwagę na postępowanie mediacyjne, jak również na przejawy porozumień procesowych w innych aktach prawnych, do których należy zaliczyć między innymi umorzenie restytucyjne.

Aplicación de técnicas de cocina molecular en la elaboración de propuestas de repostería utilizando mora, uvilla y babaco

Lasiguiente monografíarecapitulalosconceptosy aplicaciones dela cocinamolecularintroducidoseneláreadelarepostería cuandoes utilizadamediantela ejecución dediversastécnicasy lautilizaciónde aditivosposibilitando cambiarlatexturadeunalimentosinalterarsu sabor, yasílograr la presentacióndeun postre sin ocasionar cambios en sus características organolépticas. Estamonografíatiene comoobjetivolaaplicacióndetécnicasdecocina molecularenlaelaboracióndequincepropuestasdereposteríautilizando frutascomolamora,uvillaybabaco,al mismotiempoconocerlas propiedadesdeestasfrutasysuutilizacióndentrodelareposteríaparael desarrollodequincenuevaspropuestas,querespondan alas necesidadesdeinnovaciónen larepostería,laexperimentaciónque permitiráapreciarlautilizacióndelafrutay surespuestaalsometerlasa laejecución de las distintastécnicas decocina molecular propuestas,así comola elaboracióndeuntest de aceptación desabory agradotanto visual comogustativo dentrodeun grupodepersonas. Repostería, cocina molecular, mora, uvilla, babaco.

Vulnerabilidades de gênero, práticas culturais e infecção pelo HIV em Maputo

A construção social do gênero feminino em Moçambique está baseada na submissão ao homem, influenciando a vulnerabilidade de gênero à infecção pelo HIV. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) e de profissionais de saúde (PS), da cidade de Maputo, em relação à vulnerabilidade de gênero e infecção pelo HIV. Participaram 33 PVHA e 15 PS, selecionados por conveniência, mediante a realização de grupos focais e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Dois eixos temáticos nortearam a análise: vulnerabilidade de gênero e práticas culturais tradicionais. A análise de conteúdo dos relatos verbais permitiu concluir que a vulnerabilidade feminina é maior, segundo a quase totalidade dos participantes, delineando categorias como submissão da mulher, dificuldade para negociar o uso do preservativo e influência das práticas culturais. O estudo possibilitou compreender melhor o contexto de vulnerabilidades que afetam cidadãos de Maputo, em especial as mulheres, em um país de prevalência elevada da epidemia. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

OriDB: a DNA replication origin database

Replication of eukaryotic chromosomes initiates at multiple sites called replication origins. Replication origins are best understood in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where several complementary studies have mapped their locations genome-wide. We have collated these datasets, taking account of the resolution of each study, to generate a single list of distinct origin sites. OriDB provides a web-based catalogue of these confirmed and predicted S.cerevisiae DNA replication origin sites. Each proposed or confirmed origin site appears as a record in OriDB, with each record comprising seven pages. These pages provide, in text and graphical formats, the following information: genomic location and chromosome context of the origin site; time of origin replication; DNA sequence of proposed or experimentally confirmed origin elements; free energy required to open the DNA duplex (stress-induced DNA duplex destabilization or SIDD); and phylogenetic conservation of sequence elements. In addition, OriDB encourages community submission of additional information for each origin site through a User Notes facility. Origin sites are linked to several external resources, including the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) and relevant publications at PubMed. Finally, a Chromosome Viewer utility allows users to interactively generate graphical representations of DNA replication data genome-wide. OriDB is available at www.oridb.org.

O acesso, posse e controle da terra das mulheres rurais nas comunidades do distrito de Inharrime

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2016.

The role of science and technology management companies in the set-up and coordination of multi-partners scientific alliances

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação

Fundos de investimento : um tipo societário autônomo e suas principais características

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2016.

Entre contestation et résignation : l’expérience de profilage racial de jeunes racisés ayant reçu des constats d’infraction dans le cadre du contrôle de l’occupation de l’espace public montréalais

Ce mémoire explore le vécu et la construction de l’expérience de jeunes racisés ayant reçu des constats d’infraction dans le cadre de leur occupation de l’espace public montréalais. Il s’agit spécifiquement d’appréhender, à partir de la sociologie de l’expérience de Dubet (1994), le profil et les conditions de vie, la présence dans l’espace public, les raisons et la nature des constats d’infraction, les stratégies mises en œuvre face au profilage racial ainsi que les conséquences du profilage racial sur les jeunes racisés. Se situant dans une perspective qualitative, la méthodologie de recherche a reposé sur le recueil de dix entrevues semi-dirigées, soit neuf jeunes hommes et une jeune fille entre 18 et 30 ans ayant eu des contacts avec la police dans le cadre du contrôle de l’espace public à Montréal. Basée essentiellement sur l’approche mixte de Miles et Huberman (2003), l’analyse du corpus a permis de rendre compte de l’hétérogénéité de l’expérience des jeunes racisés et profilés interrogés et de dégager deux types d’expérience de profilage racial : les contestataires et les résignés. Si les interactions avec les forces de l’ordre engendrent des traitements perçus comme discriminatoires, l’expérience se construit en fonction de la nature des interactions, du niveau de maturité et de la tranche d’âge des jeunes et elle se décline en une logique de soumission et une logique de lutte pour la contestation des constats d’infraction. Les résultats de la recherche démontrent par ailleurs la pertinence de l’accompagnement du jeune au niveau de la prise de conscience de ses droits et de la contestation des tickets reçus.