Promises, Promises...Family Farms and Estoppel (Again)

Family farms are a fertile source of litigation, especially when it comes to succession planning and inter-generational transfers. The problems are obvious: large value assets, emotional ties to the land, a lack of retirement planning and the ‘older’ generation’s unwillingness to relinquish control, and managing the expectations of siblings or others who have worked on the farm. Recent years have seen a spate of estoppel cases involving farms in both Northern Ireland and England and Wales, brought by children, nephews, close friends and long-term partners who were promised or had expected to inherit farms. The recent decision of the English Court of Appeal in Davies v Davies is another example, this time involving an adult daughter who had worked on her parents’ farm for years in the belief that it would pass to her. When her parents changed their minds, this particular daughter brought a successful proprietary estoppel claim. The issue then turned to satisfying the claim, and what financial remedy the daughter was entitled to.

Perceção das Competências Parentais por Pais e Filhos: fatores determinantes

O termo parentalidade tem evoluído com os estudos que foram sendo desenvolvidos na área, na sua maioria pretendem compreender como as crianças percecionam as competências parentais dos seus progenitores e qual o comportamento da criança em função do estilo educativo exercido. Para avaliar e analisar a parentalidade é necessário conhecer a comunidade onde se insere a família, sendo já amplamente discutida a influência do meio e contexto no comportamento e na perceção que temos de nós e do outro. O presente estudo propôs-se a entender quais os fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais que podem condicionar o exercício das competências parentais. Constitui-se como um estudo descritivo-correlacional, com uma amostra não probabilística aleatória por conveniência, com 62 pais de crianças com idade compreendidas entre os 6 e os 11 anos e frequentam o 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico no Distrito de Leiria. Para responder ao objetivo inicial foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: para a perceção das competências parentais recorreu-se às escalas EMBU-P e EMBU-C, para avaliar a ansiedade nos pais foi aplicado o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (IAB) e finalmente, o questionário sociodemográfico que pretendia identificar características da amostra (residência, idades, empregabilidade, escolaridade, frequência de ATL, rotinas familiares). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os pais percecionam fornecer um elevado suporte emocional aos filhos, que é coincidente com o sentido pelas crianças. Sendo de destacar que quando os pais exercem uma tentativa de controlo ou rejeição, o seu índice de ansiedade tendem a aumentar antevendo uma relação entre ambas as variáveis. Outro resultado com relevância estatística significativa é a relação entre a perceção da sua competência parental e o número de filhos que têm. Destaca-se, ainda, que existem dados sociodemográficos que apresenta uma relação estatisticamente significativa com o exercício da competência parental, como o rendimento mensal do agregado, a existência de irmãos e a subescala de tentativa de controlo. / The term parenting has evolved along with the studies in this field, and most of them aim to understand how children perceive their parents’ parenting skills as well as the child's behaviour depending on the style of education. To evaluate and analyse parenting it is also necessary to know the community, as we are aware of the influence of the environment on the behaviour and perception of ourselves and the people next to us. This study aims to understand which sociodemographic and behavioural factors might influence the performance of parenting skills. It is a descriptive-correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample, randomly chosen, with 62 parents, whose children are not only aged 6-11 years but also attending the primary school in the District of Leiria. In order to respond to the initial goal we used the following instruments: the scales EMBU-P and EMBU-C were used to perceive parenting skills, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to assess parents’ anxiety, and finally, the sociodemographic questionnaire was used to identify the characteristics of the sample (residence, ages, employment, education, ATL (after-school activities), family routines). The results show that parents believe they provide a high emotional support to their children, which is coincident with the children’s opinion. It is also important to mention that whenever parents attempt to control or reject, their level of anxiety tends to increase, foreseeing a relationship between both variables. Another result presenting significant statistic relevance is the correlation between parents’ perception of their parental competence and the number of children they have. Finally, it is worth mentioning that there are sociodemographic data that show a statistically significant correlation with parental competence, such as the monthly income of the household, the existence of siblings and the control subscale.

Adultos com experiências precoces de vitimação e resiliência

A literatura tem vindo a comprovar que determinados indivíduos conseguem integrar-se ou ajustar-se de forma positiva e normativa nas sociedades em que vivem, apesar das vivências altamente adversas ocorridas, ainda numa idade precoce, poderem potenciar um percurso significativamente diferente. O presente estudo, de índole qualitativo, tem como objetivo geral analisar e caracterizar o percurso de vida de adultos, que precocemente vivenciaram formas de vitimação em contexto familiar, procurando identificar os fatores que contribuíram para o seu ajustamento psicossocial. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma entrevista semiestruturada, elaborada para o efeito, e a qual foi administrada a 10 participantes com idades entre 19 e 41 anos (M=26.1; DP=8), selecionados a partir de informantes privilegiados e que os identificaram como sendo resilientes. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado através da grounded analysis. Os resultados revelam que os participantes no decorrer do processo de vitimação desenvolveram características comportamentais semelhantes (e.g., isolamento, baixa autoestima, revolta, agressividade), identificando a retirada do meio familiar como elemento promotor da mudança ocorrida no seu percurso e autoconceito. De igual modo, identificaram a existência de sonhos, de objetivos de vida e a presença de pessoas significativas (e.g., irmãos, parceiros, amigos) como sendo determinantes na construção do seu percurso resiliente. A retirada do contexto familiar foi identificada pelos participantes como uma medida de intervenção relevante na proteção da criança e subsequente ajustamento psicossocial. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem evidenciar a importância dos fatores protetivos no ajustamento psicossocial, algo que deve ser considerado na intervenção psicoterapêutica com crianças em risco.

Early post-fledgling survival in a fragmented population of a tropical cooperative breeding passerine

During the last years tropical forest has been a target of intense study especially due to its recent big scale destruction. Although a lot still needs to be explored, we start realizing how negative can the impact of our actions be for the ecosystem. Subsequently, the living community have been developing strategies to overcome this problem avoiding bottlenecks or even extinctions. Cooperative breeding (CB) has been recently pointed out as one of those strategies. CB is a breeding system where more than two individuals raise one brood. In most of the cases, extra individuals are offspring that delay their dispersal and independent breeding what allows them to help their parents raising their siblings in the subsequent breeding season. Such behavior is believed to be due, per example, to the lack of mates or breeding territories (ecological constraints hypothesis), a consequence of habitat fragmentation and/or disturbance. From this point, CB is easily promoted by a higher reproductive success of group vs pairs or single individuals. Accordingly, during this thesis I explore the early post-fledging survival of a cooperative breeding passerine, namely the impact of individual/habitat quality in its survival probability during the dependence period of the chicks. Our study species is the Cabanis’s greenbul (Phyllastrephus cabanisi), a medium-sized, brownish passerine, classified within the Pycnonotidae family. It is found over part of Central Africa in countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique and Kenya, inhabiting primary and secondary forests, as well as woodland of various types up to 2700m of altitude. Previous studies have concluded that PC is a facultative cooperative breeder. This study was conducted in Taita Hills (TH) at the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), a chain of mountains running from Southeast Kenya to the South of Tanzania. TH comprises an area of 430 ha and has been suffering intense deforestation reflecting 98% forest reduction over the last 200 years. Nowadays its forest is divided in fragments and our study was based in 5of those fragments. We access the post-fledging survival through radio-telemetry. The juvenile survey was done through the breeding females in which transmitters were placed with a leg-loop technique. Ptilochronology is consider to be the study of feather growth bars and has been used to study the nutritional state of a bird. This technique considers that the feather growth rate is positively proportional to the individual capability of ingesting food and to the food availability. This technique is therefore used to infer for individual/habitat quality. Survival was lowest during the first 5 days post-fledging representing 53.3%. During the next 15 days, risk of predation decreased with only 14.3% more deceased individuals. This represents a total of only 33% survived individuals in the end of the 50 days. Our results showed yet a significant positive relationship between flock size and post-fledging survival as well as between ptilochronology values and post-fledgling survival. In practice, these imply that on this population, as bigger the flock, as greater the post fledging survival and that good habitat quality or good BF quality, will lead to a higher juvenile survival rate. We believe that CB is therefore an adaptive behaviour to the lack of mates/breeding territory originated from the mass forest destruction and disturbance. Such results confirms the critical importance of habitat quality in the post-fledging survival and, for the first time, demonstrates how flock size influences the living probability of the juveniles and therefore how it impacts the (local) population dynamics of this species. In my opinion, future research should be focus in disentangle individual and habitat quality from each other and verify which relationship exist between them. Such study will allow us to understand which factor has a stronger influence in the post-fledging survival and therefore redirect our studies in that direction. In order to confirm the negative impact of human disturbance and forest fragmentation, it would be of major relevance to compare the reproductive strategies and reproductive success of populations living in intact forests and disturbed patches.

G181(P) Evaluation of a new e-health intervention in neonatal care : perspectives of parents and health professionals.

Aim This paper will report findings from the first phase of an evaluation of a new e-health intervention designed to allow mothers to ‘see’ their baby in neonatal care (NNU) when they are not able to be with them. The intervention, MyLittleOne, involves a web-camera being placed over the incubator in NNU, which transmits a real-time video wirelessly to a coupled tablet device at the mother’s bedside. Guided by the MRC Framework for the Development and Evaluation of Healthcare Interventions (MRC, 2008), the aim was to explore parent and professional views of the technology and make recommendations for its future development, use and evaluation. Methods A qualitative approach was adopted, guided by a critical realist perspective (McEvoy and Richards, 2003). The study took place in a Level 3 NNU in Scotland. Participants were recruited purposively and included parents (n = 33) and a range of health professionals working in neonatal and postnatal care (n = 21). The data were collected during semi-structured individual, paired and small group interviews and were analysed thematically using NVivo v10. Results The majority of parents and professionals spoke positively about MyLittleOne. Perceptions were that: use of the technology assisted bonding and responsiveness; it promoted the recovery process following birth; and, for mothers who wished to breast-feed, being able to see their baby on the tablet device encouraged the ‘let-down’ reflex. An additional benefit was that siblings and others who may not be able to visit the NNU were able to see the baby. In contrast, for a small number of mothers, viewing their baby remotely appeared to increase their levels of anxiety. Switching off the camera during a medical procedure and back on after the procedure was completed was found to be problematic, at times and in different ways, for both parents and professionals. Conclusions Findings from this preliminary evaluation will guide future developments of the technology, including its use in family homes following the mother’s discharge. The findings will also inform the design of a feasibility study and subsequent RCT to assess the impact of MyLittleOne on a range of psychological indicators of postnatal adjustment.

Heritage Language Maintenance and Biliteracy Development for Immigrants' Children: A Study of Chinese Immigrants' Family Language Policy and Biliteracy Practices

This study reports on research that examines the family language policy (FLP) and biliteracy practices of middle-class Chinese immigrant families in a metropolitan area in the southwest of the U.S. by exploring language practices pattern among family members, language and literacy environment at home, parents’ language management, parents’ language attitudes and ideologies, and biliteracy practices. In this study, I employed mixed methods, including survey and interviews, to investigate Chinese immigrant parents’ FLP, biliteracy practices, their life stories, and their experience of raising and nurturing children in an English-dominant society. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 55 Chinese immigrant parents and interviews were conducted with five families, including mothers and children. One finding from this study is that the language practices pattern at home shows the trend of language shift among the Chinese immigrants’ children. Children prefer speaking English with parents, siblings, and peers, and home literacy environment for children manifests an English-dominant trend. Chinese immigrant parents’ language attitudes and ideologies are largely influenced by English-only ideology. The priority for learning English surpasses the importance of Chinese learning, which is demonstrated by the English-dominant home literacy practices and an English-dominant language policy. Parents invest more in English literacy activities and materials for children, and very few parents implement Chinese-only policy for their children. A second finding from this study is that a multitude of factors from different sources shape and influence Chinese immigrants’ FLP and biliteracy practices. The factors consist of family-related factors, social factors, linguistic factors, and individual factors. A third finding from this study is that a wide variety of strategies are adopted by Chinese immigrant families, which have raised quite balanced bilingual children, to help children maintain Chinese heritage language (HL) and develop both English and Chinese literacy. The close examination and comparison of different families with English monolingual children, with children who have limited knowledge of HL, and with quite balanced bilingual children, this study discovers that immigrant parents, especially mothers, play a fundamental and irreplaceable role in their children’s HL maintenance and biliteracy development and it recommends to immigrant parents in how to implement the findings of this study to nurture their children to become bilingual and biliterate. Due to the limited number and restricted area and group of participant sampling, the results of this study may not be generalized to other groups in different contexts.

ASSOCIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE ADOLESCENTES, FAMILIARES E PARES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a atividade física (AF) de pais, irmãos e pares à AF de adolescentes brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática em duas etapas, em junho de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO e LILACS, utilizando-se quatro grupos de descritores, sendo estes “influência de pais e irmãos”, “atividade física”, “tipo de amostra” e “nacionalidade”, nos idiomas inglês e português, que atendesse aos seguintes critérios: (i) indivíduos saudáveis; (ii) adolescentes brasileiros; (iii) estudos abordando a AF; e (iv) estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2014. Resultados: A busca nas bases de dados resultou em 2.094 títulos de artigos potencialmente relevantes, mas apenas 7 atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão. Há uma associação positiva entre a AF de pais e filhos, porém, ao estratificar por sexo, esta é encontrada apenas no feminino, tanto para a inatividade quanto para estar fisicamente ativo. O apoio social possui grande influência na AF de crianças e adolescentes, no entanto, tal associação não foi encontrada em estudos longitudinais. Conclusão: Existe uma associação positiva entre a atividade física do pai e da mãe com suas filhas, tanto para a inatividade quanto para serem ativos, mas não foram encontradas associações entre os pais e os filhos, fato também observado para com irmãos inativos. O apoio social mostrou-se eficaz para aumentar o nível de atividade física de adolescentes.

The interpersonal and mental health implications of the coherence of coming out narratives for a sample of gay men in committed romantic relationships

The coming out process has been conceptualized as a developmental imperative for those who will eventually accept their same-sex attractions. It is widely accepted that homophobia, heterosexism, and homonegativity are cultural realities that may complicate this developmental process for gay men. The current study views coming out as an extra-developmental life task that is at best a stressful event, and at worst traumatic when coming out results in the rupture of salient relationships with parents, siblings, and/or close friends. To date, the minority stress model (Meyer, 1995; 2003) has been utilized as an organizing framework for how to empirically examine external stressors and mental health disparities for lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals in the United States. The current study builds on this literature by focusing on the influence of how gay men make sense of and represent the coming out process in a semi-structured interview, more specifically, by examining the legacy of the coming out process on indicators of wellness. In a two-part process, this study first employs the framework well articulated in the adult attachment literature of coherence of narratives to explore both variation and implications of the coming out experience for a sample of gay men (n = 60) in romantic relationships (n = 30). In particular, this study employed constructs identified in the adult attachment literature, namely Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind, to code a Coming Out Interview (COI). In the present study current state of mind refers to the degree of coherent discourse produced about coming out experiences as relayed during the COI. Multilevel analyses tested the extent to which these COI dimensions, as revealed through an analysis of coming out narratives in the COI, were associated with relationship quality, including self-reported satisfaction and observed emotional tone in a standard laboratory interaction task and self-reported symptoms of psychopathology. In addition, multilevel analyses also assessed the Acceptance by primary relationship figures at the time of disclosure, as well as the degree of Outness at the time of the study. Results revealed that participant’s narratives on the COI varied with regard to Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind, suggesting that the AAI coding system provides a viable organizing framework for extracting meaning from coming out narratives as related to attachment relevant constructs. Multilevel modeling revealed construct validity of the attachment dimensions assessed via the COI; attachment (i.e., Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind) as assessed via the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was significantly correlated with the corresponding COI variables. These finding suggest both methodological and conceptual convergence between these two measures. However, with one exception, COI Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind did not predict relationship outcomes or self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, further analyses revealed that the degree to which one is out to others moderated the relationship between COI Preoccupied and internalizing. Specifically, for those who were less out to others, there was a significant and positive relationship between Preoccupied current state of mind towards coming out and internalizing symptoms. In addition, the degree of perceived acceptance of sexual orientation by salient relationship figures at the time of disclosure emerged as a predictor of mental health. In particular, Acceptance was significantly negatively related to internalizing symptoms. Overall, the results offer preliminary support that gay men’s narratives do reflect variation as assessed by attachment dimensions and highlights the role of Acceptance by salient relationship figures at the time of disclosure. Still, for the most part, current state of mind towards coming out in this study was not associated with relationship quality and self-reported indicators of mental health. This finding may be a function of low statistical power given the modest sample size. However, the relationship between Preoccupied current state of mind and mental health (i.e., internalizing) appears to depend on degree of Outness. In addition, the response of primary relationships figures to coming out may be a relevant factor in shaping mental health outcomes for gay men. Limitations and suggestions for future research and clinical intervention are offered.

O outro como espelho de si: Desempenho académico e vinculação entre gémeos adolescentes e os seus irmãos

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

INTERGENERATIONAL SUPPORT AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN CHANGING FAMILY CONTEXTS

This dissertation consists of three papers that examine the complexities in upward intergenerational support and adult children’s influence on older adults’ health in changing family contexts of America and China. The prevalence of “gray divorce/repartnering ” in later life after age 55 is on the rise in the United States, yet little is known about its effect on intergenerational support. The first paper uses the life course perspective to examine whether gray divorce and repartnering affect support from biological and stepchildren differently than early divorce and repartnering, and how patterns differ by parents’ gender. Massive internal migration in China has led to increased geographic distance between adult children and aging parents, which may have consequences for old age support received by parents. This topic has yet to be thoroughly explored in China, as most studies of intergenerational support to older parents have focused on the role of coresident children or have not considered the interdependence of multiple parent-child dyads in the family. The second paper adopts the within-family differences approach to assess the influence of non-coresident children’s relative living proximity to parents compared to that of their siblings on their provision of support to parents in rural and urban Chinese families. The study also examines how patterns of the impact are moderated by parents’ living arrangement, non-coresident children’s gender, and parents’ provision of support to children. Taking a multigenerational network perspective, the third paper questions if and how adult children’s socioeconomic status (SES) influences older parents’ health in China. It further examines whether health benefits brought by adult children’s socioeconomic attainment are larger for older adults with lower SES and whether one of the mechanisms through which adult children’s SES affects older parents’ health is by changing their health behaviors. These questions are highly relevant in contemporary China, where adult children have experienced substantial gains in SES and play a central role in old age support for parents. In sum, these three papers take the life course, the within-family differences, and the multigenerational network perspective to address the complexities in intergenerational support and older adults’ health in diverse family contexts.

Hyperlinks in e-books : expanding the functionality of end-notes

With its powerful search engines and billions of published pages, the Worldwide Web has become the ultimate tool to explore the human experience. But, despite the advent of the digital revolution, e-books, at their core, have remained remarkably similar to their printed siblings. This has resulted in a clear dichotomy between two ways of reading: on one side, the multi-dimensional world of the Web; on the other, the linearity of books and e-books. My investigation of the literature indicates that the focus of attempts to merge these two modes of production, and hence of reading, has been the insertion of interactivity into fiction. As I will show in the Literature Review, a clear thrust of research since the early 1990s, and in my opinion the most significant, has concentrated on presenting the reader with choices that affect the plot. This has resulted in interactive stories in which the structure of the narrative can be altered by the reader of experimental fiction. The interest in this area of research is not surprising, as the interaction of readers with the fabric of the narrative provides a fertile ground for exploring, analysing, and discussing issues of plot consistency and continuity. I found in the literature several papers concerned with the effects of hyperlinking on literature, but none about how hyperlinked material and narrative could be integrated without compromising the narrative flow as designed by the author. It led me to think that the researchers had accepted hypertextuality and the linear organisation of fiction as being antithetical, thereby ignoring the possibility of exploiting the first while preserving the second. All the works I consulted were focussed on exploring the possibilities provided to authors (and readers) by hypertext or how hypertext literature affects literary criticism. This was true in earlier works by Landow and Harpold and remained true in later works by Bolter and Grusin. To quote another example, in his book Hypertext 3.0, Landow states: “Most who have speculated on the relation between hypertextuality and fiction concentrate [...] on the effects it will have on linear narrative”, and “hypertext opens major questions about story and plot by apparently doing away with linear organization” (Landow, 2006, pp. 220, 221). In other words, the authors have added narrative elements to Web pages, effectively placing their stories in a subordinate role. By focussing on “opening up” the plots, the researchers have missed the opportunity to maintain the integrity of their stories and use hyperlinked information to provide interactive access to backstory and factual bases. This would represent a missing link between the traditional way of reading, in which the readers have no influence on the path the author has laid out for them, and interactive narrative, in which the readers choose their way across alternatives, thereby, at least to a certain extent, creating their own path. It would be, to continue the metaphor, as if the readers could follow the main path created by the author while being able to get “sidetracked” into exploring hyperlinked material. In Hypertext 3.0, Landow refers to an “Axial structure [of hypertext] characteristic of electronic books and scholarly books with foot-and endnotes” versus a “Network structure of hypertext” (Landow, 2006, p. 70). My research aims at generalising the axial structure and extending it to fiction without losing the linearity at its core. In creative nonfiction, the introduction of places, scenes, and settings, together with characterisation, brings to life the facts without altering them; while much fiction draws on facts to provide a foundation, or narrative elements, for the work. But how can the reader distinguish between facts and representations? For example, to what extent do dialogues and perceptions present what was actually said and thought? Some authors of creative nonfiction use end-notes to provide comments and citations while minimising disruption the flow of the main text, but they are limited in scope and constrained in space. Each reader should be able to enjoy the narrative as if it were a novel but also to explore the facts at the level of detail s/he needs. For this to be possible, end-notes should provide a Web-like way of exploring in more detail what the author has already researched. My research aims to develop ways of integrating narrative prose and hyperlinked documents into a Hyperbook. Its goal is to create a new writing paradigm in which a story incorporates a gateway to detailed information. While creative nonfiction uses the techniques of fictional writing to provide reportage of actual events and fact-based fiction illuminates the affectual dimensions of what happened (e.g., Kate Grenville’s The Secret River and Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall), Hyperbooks go one step further and link narrative prose to the details of the events on which the narrative is based or, more in general, to information the reader might find of interest. My dissertation introduces and utilises Hyperbooks to engage in two parallel types of investigation Build knowledge about Italian WWII POWs held in Australia and present it as part of a novella in Hyperbook format. Develop a new piece of technology capable of extending the writing and reading process.

Does social vulnerability for caries predict caries status of children in sub-urban Nigeria?

It is important to identify groups of people vulnerable to a disease condition. Aim: To determine the association between social vulnerability to caries and caries status of children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: A composite vulnerability index for caries was developed using data generated for 992 children. Wilks’ Lambda test to verify relationship between vulnerability and its variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine if the social vulnerability for caries index was a good predictor for caries status. Results: The social vulnerability to caries index could not predict caries status. The study found that sex, age and number of siblings were the significant predictors of caries status in the study population. Females (AOR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.08 – 2.46; p=0.02) and children with more than two siblings had higher odds of having caries (AOR: 2.61; 95%CI: 1.61 – 4.24; p<0.001) while children below 5 years had lower odds of having caries (AOR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.39 – 1.00; p=0.05) Conclusions: The social vulnerability index for caries could not predict the caries status of children in the study population. Sensitive tools to identify children with caries in the study population should be developed.

Estudo exploratório das percepções de irmãos e figuras parentais sobre o comportamento lúdico de pessoas com perturbação do espectro do autismo

Artigo 1: As pessoas com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) têm dificuldades sociais que impactam o desenvolvimento do comportamento lúdico (Naber et al., 2008). Os profissionais atentam pouco ao papel dos irmãos na família mas esta realidade pode influenciar a relação fraterna e carece de investigação. Este estudo analisou as percepções de 11 irmãos (5-12 anos) com desenvolvimento típico de pessoas com PEA (≥3 anos) sobre a interacção lúdica e identificou as suas necessidades a respeito da mesma. Foram conduzidas duas entrevistas: a Entrevista da Percepção dos Irmãos Acerca da Interacção Lúdica (EPI) junto dos irmãos para obter as percepções e a Entrevista para Recolha de Dados dos Participantes (ERDP) junto de uma figura parental para recolher dados sociodemográficos; os instrumentos foram elaborados pela equipa de investigação e submetidos a um estudo-piloto e validação por peritagem. Os dados sociodemográficos foram tratados no SPSS® 22 e as percepções foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo no MAXqda® 10 e sujeitas a validação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as percepções sobre a interacção lúdica são predominantemente positivas e parecem conduzir ao interesse em aprender para satisfazer as necessidades existentes. As expectativas dos irmãos e a funcionalidade da comunicação constituem factores emergentes, bem como a ligação entre figuras e conteúdos de interesse na aprendizagem. Artigo 2: A relação fraterna exerce influência no sistema familiar e por isso deve ser feito um investimento no seu estudo. Entre pessoas com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) e os seus irmãos com desenvolvimento típico a interacção social pode apresentar desafios acrescidos e causar impacto na interacção lúdica. Este trabalho objectivou comparar as percepções de 11 irmãos e pais de pessoas com PEA (≥3 anos) acerca da interacção lúdica e eventuais necessidades para a melhorar, procurando diferenças e explorando factores emergentes. Foram elaboradas três entrevistas semi-estruturadas, testadas num estudo-piloto e submetidas à validação por expertise. Os irmãos responderam a uma entrevista de 31 questões referente às suas percepções acerca de tópicos relevantes na literatura. Os pais participaram numa entrevista com 35 questões com o mesmo objectivo e uma entrevista de 39 questões para recolher dados sociodemográficos. Os dados sociodemográficos foram analisados descritivamente e as percepções foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados foram interpretados em função da convergência e divergência dos relatos dos dois grupos de participantes e reforçam que existe uma tendência de divergência nas percepções dos dois grupos. As diferenças encontradas entre os grupos apontam para vários aspectos que devem ser tidos em conta na intervenção psicomotora junto das famílias de pessoas com PEA.

Características del Ciberbullying en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade. Cuenca. Ecuador. 2013

Antecedentes: En la actualidad los adolescentes se desenvuelven a la perfección en el uso de la tecnología de la información y comunicación. El internet y la telefonía móvil se han constituido en instrumentos de primer orden para su formación, desarrollo, socialización y diversión; sin embargo, en ocasiones puede que no hagan un buen uso de la tecnología y más bien algunos adolescentes, con una personalidad agresora, se valen de estos medios para perturbar a sus compañeros y realizar nuevas modalidades de acoso escolar. Objetivo: Determinar las características de ciberbullying en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa “César Dávila Andrade”. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, el universo estuvo conformado por todos los estudiantes del ciclo básico, a quiénes se les aplicó un formulario modificado del Protocolo de Actuación Escolar ante Ciberbullying de EMICI (Equipo Multidisciplinar de Investigación sobre Ciberbullying); para la tabulación y procesamiento de la información se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 15; como medidas estadísticas se emplearon: frecuencias, medias, porcentajes; para la presentación de los datos se elaboraron tablas de acuerdo a los objetivos y, para el análisis de la información se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El ciberbullying se presenta en el 11% de los alumnos: 9.5% en el sexo masculino y 15% en el sexo femenino; el medio más utilizado para acosar son las redes sociales 52%, seguido de mensajes por celular 21.7%; dentro de las consecuencias académicas el 34.2% tiene deseos de no ir al colegio, el 47.4% ha bajado sus calificaciones; en relación a problemas familiares el 42% tiene problemas con sus padres y hermanos y dentro de los problemas psicológicos cerca del 40% se siente deprimido y, la tercera parte de las víctimas de ciberbullying declaran que “creen que es mejor desaparecer”. Conclusiones: Se detectaron casos de ciberbullying con predominio en el sexo femenino evidenciándose un componente de género

Características de las conductas agresivas de los estudiantes de primero, segundo y tercero de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade. Cuenca 2016

Antecedentes: La agresividad es parte de la una reacción fisiológica en los humanos, se liga en la mayoría de los casos a factores del ambiente y familiares que si existe un adecuado diagnóstico podrían ser controlados. Objetivo: Describir las características de las conductas agresivas de los estudiantes de primero, segundo y tercero de Bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa “César Dávila Andrade”. Cuenca 2016. Metodología: La presente investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo descriptiva de corte transversal, el universo fue de 216 estudiantes de primero, segundo y tercero de bachillerato. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Agresión, seguido por una encuesta sociodemográfica. Los datos fueron tabulados por medio del programa estadístico de SPSS 21. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 16,22 años con el 66,7% de adolescentes de sexo masculino y el 98,1% de adolescentes presentaron un estado civil soltero; el 30,6% de los adolescentes vivían con sus padres y sus hermanos, el 56,9% de las familias fueron nucleares y en el 65,7% de las familias el número de integrantes fue 5 o menos. Según los puntajes generales del cuestionario Agresión RPQ la agresividad reactiva fue más elevada que la agresividad proactiva con 19,16 y 15,82 puntos, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La agresividad presenta indicadores elevados en los adolescentes del Unidad Educativa “Cesar Dávila Andrade” siendo mayor en el sexo masculino y en adolescentes con familias con regulares relaciones y de características extendidas