A reason to believe : beliefs as an influence on students task solving

Upper secondary students’ task solving reasoning was analysed, with a focus on what grounds they had for different strategy choices and conclusions. Beliefs were identified and connected with the reasoning that took place. The results indicate that beliefs have an impact on the central decisions made during task solving. Three themes stand out: safety, expectation and motivation.

Barriers and facilitators in the provision of post-abortion care at district level in central Uganda : a qualitative study focusing on task sharing between physicians and midwives

Background: Abortion is restricted in Uganda, and poor access to contraceptive methods result in unwanted pregnancies. This leaves women no other choice than unsafe abortion, thus placing a great burden on the Ugandan health system and making unsafe abortion one of the major contributors to maternal mortality and morbidity in Uganda. The existing sexual and reproductive health policy in Uganda supports the sharing of tasks in post-abortion care. This task sharing is taking place as a pragmatic response to the increased workload. This study aims to explore physicians' and midwives' perception of post-abortion care with regard to professional competences, methods, contraceptive counselling and task shifting/sharing in post-abortion care. Methods: In-depth interviews (n = 27) with health care providers of post-abortion care were conducted in seven health facilities in the Central Region of Uganda. The data were organized using thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Post-abortion care was perceived as necessary, albeit controversial and sometimes difficult to provide. Together with poor conditions post-abortion care provoked frustration especially among midwives. Task sharing was generally taking place and midwives were identified as the main providers, although they would rarely have the proper training in post-abortion care. Additionally, midwives were sometimes forced to provide services outside their defined task area, due to the absence of doctors. Different uterine evacuation skills were recognized although few providers knew of misoprostol as a method for post-abortion care. An overall need for further training in post-abortion care was identified. Conclusions: Task sharing is taking place, but providers lack the relevant skills for the provision of quality care. For post-abortion care to improve, task sharing needs to be scaled up and in-service training for both doctors and midwives needs to be provided. Post-abortion care should further be included in the educational curricula of nurses and midwives. Scaled-up task sharing in post-abortion care, along with misoprostol use for uterine evacuation would provide a systematic approach to improving the quality of care and accessibility of services, with the aim of reducing abortion-related mortality and morbidity in Uganda.

Manager's task to support integrated autonomy at the workplace : Results from an intervention

A new managerial task arises in today’s working life: to provide conditions for and influence interaction between actors and thus to enable the emergence of organizing structure in tune with a changing environment. We call this the enabling managerial task. The goal of this paper is to study whether training first line managers in the enabling managerial task could lead to changes in the work for the subordinates. This paper presents results from questionnaires answered by the subordinates of the managers before and after the training. The training was organized as a learning network and consisted of eight workshops carried out over a period of one year (September 2009–June 2010), where the managers met with each other and the researchers once a month. Each workshop consisted of three parts, during three and a half hours. The first hour was devoted to joint reflection on a task that had been undertaken since the last workshop; some results were presented from the employee pre-assessments, followed by relevant theory and illuminating practices, finally the managers created new tasks for themselves to undertake during the following month. The subordinates’ answers show positive change in all of the seventeen scales used to assess it. The improvements are significant in scales measuring the relationship between the manager and the employees, as well as in those measuring interaction between employees. It is concluded that the result was a success for all managers that had the possibility of using the training in their management work.

As novas doutrinas de Administração Pública e os seus reflexos nos controles e na auditoria de desempenho dos programas governamentais

The developed democracies only have results or crystallise, when the exercise of the government policies has two dimensions: the first one, is the dimension of the government decisions making: in which, the governor accomplishes the priorities and orientations submitted to the population by electoral decisions. Then the second dimension, is the functionality of the State: capable to transform policies into convergent actions for accomplishment of the negotiated results. The consolidation of the democracy and the consequent increase of the social demand by decisions and public and government lawsuits, able to generate results that attend collectively the different levels of the society and able to aggregate and articulate additional values to their interests, imposes to the public sector administration, great challenges of public policies. Nowadays, the indispensable condition to guarantee a minimum governmental benchmark, it to overcome these challenges, in the plan of the public administration, demanded for the promotion of the economic development, in the democratic scope, to reach the politician-institutional values of the society. However, It is undeniable, the universality of the challenges of public administration that consequently, are the effects of modern administrative systems. To attempt the best result, the mast satisfy the attributes of speed, flexibility, integration and innovation, amongst others. The diffusion of guided doctrines of public management by results is reflecting in the institutionalization of new types of bureaucratic activities and amongst this context, it is distinguished as a basic importance of what we call Performance Audit. This work intends to describe how the control organs and especially the Accounts Court of the Union, the sensitive demands of the society, and attending to new constitutional order, they are structuring itself to face the new organizational and institutional challenges, in consequence of the gradual redefinition of your task, more and more liable uncertainties, current of the intimate nature of the performance audit, in development, face the traditional audit, which characterizes them in general. Therefore, the main goal of this these, is the analysis of the organizational challenges and consequently ,the lawsuits changes of the organizational structures faced in general by the Brazilian¿s Accounts Courts, which we believe, will help to elaborate paths of propulsive evaluating and restrictive elements to the innovations that are intended to introduce the systems of necessary control in the evaluation of government programs.

Análise dos impactos do novo modelo de competitividade do sistema financeiro nacional no desempenho dos empregados dos Bancos Públicos de Varejo: o caso do BRC S/A

o estudo tem como principal foco apresentar uma referência de análise do comportamento individual dos empregados dos bancos de varejo diante da necessidade de adequação à estratégia utilizada para enfrentar o atual mercado competitivo. Mostra a importância da análise da dimensão simbólica para as organizações, os negócios e as relações entre os atores no contexto empresarial. Demonstra as principais mudanças recentes no Sistema Financeiro Nacional, que tem levado as organizações aí inseridas a buscar formas de adaptações, entre elas rever seus processos de gestão e de programas de treinamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas. Traça o perfil atual do Banco BRC SIA, fazendo um breve histórico e abordando os recursos humanos, a informatização, o projeto de saneamento fmanceiro e o desempenho operacional dos últimos anos. Conclui que as características culturais do Banco BRC SI A, em sua maIOrIa, reduzem a sua capacidade de adequar-se à forma de atuação dos bancos privados. Existem poucos traços culturais que favorecem a adaptabilidade do banco, entre os quais podemos citar o compromisso, a dedicação e a lealdade do pessoal ao banco (que já foram maiores no passado). Outros fatores também contribuem para dificultar a sua adaptabilidade, tais como o paternalismo, o formalismo, a impunidade, a postura de expectador, entre outras, características estas comuns às empresas brasileiras, conforme veremos no primeiro capítulo. Com relação a isto, será necessária uma forte dose de persistência e desejo de quebrar a inércia da organização, bem como uma constância de propósitos, para que as transformações aconteçam e o banco consiga se adaptar ao mercado. No caso, este deve ser o papel da liderança: ser persistente, perspicaz e flexível o suficiente para chamar o processo a si e conduzi-lo de forma eficaz. Ainda, contatou-se que existem resistências e dificuldades para a viabilização das transformações necessárias para que o banco atue como um banco privado. Algumas resistências são comuns e outras são específicas e próprias de cada situação observada.

Property rights as a public policy tool: an empirical analysis of the social and economic effects

Secure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. However, the evaluation of the causal effects of land titling is a difficult task. The Brazilian government through a program called "Papel Passado" has issued titles, since 2004, to over 85,000 families and has the goal to reach 750,000. Furthermore, another topic in Public Policy that is crucial to developing economies is income generation and child labor force participation. Particularly, in Brazil, about 5.4 million children and teenagers between 5 and 17 years old are still working. This thesis examines the direct impact of securing a property title on income and child labor force participation. In order to isolate the causal role of ownership security, this study uses a comparison between two close and very similar communities in the City of Osasco case (a town with 650,000 people in the São Paulo metropolitan area). One of them, Jardim Canaã, was fortunated to receive the titles in 2007, the other, Jardim DR, given fiscal constraints, only will be part of the program schedule in 2012, and for that reason became the control group. Also, this thesis also aims to test if there is any relationship between land title and happiness. The estimates suggest that titling results in a substantial decrease of child labor force participation, increase of income and happiness for the families that received the title compared to the others.

A cooperação internacional na terceira onda de democratização: o hibridismo da Fundação Konrad Adenauer e a experiência brasileira

O final do século passado foi marcado por um movimento global de grande magnitude, protagonizado por aproximadamente 30 países que deixaram o autoritarismo e adotaram a democracia como regime de governo. Tal processo Huntington (1991) denominou de “Terceira Onda de Democratização” e foi caracterizado pela participação de múltiplos atores e motivado por diferentes fatores. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a particularidade da atuação dos atores internacionais como uma das causas desse enorme movimento democratizador. Para a realização dessa empreitada, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo a atuação da Fundação Konrad Adenauer e sua experiência de atuação no Brasil como promotora dos valores democráticos durante a ditadura militar até o início da redemocratização. O estudo introduz o conceito de “ator híbrido” para referir-se às Fundações Políticas alemãs. Por este termo, entende-se a natureza tanto social (vinculada a partidos políticos) como estatal (atores da cooperação internacional alemã) de tais Fundações. O hibridismo da Fundação Konrad Adenauer e seu engajamento internacional refletem o contexto geopolítico da Guerra Fria e a história política da Alemanha do pós-guerra, que fez da cooperação internacional, em particular a promoção da democracia, um caminho para sua nova inserção no cenário mundial. Assim, a dissertação percorre as causas internacionais da Terceira Onda e os diferentes modos de difusão dos valores democráticos, com maior destaque para a cooperação internacional. Prepara-se, desse modo, o terreno para analisar a relevância para a Alemanha da cooperação internacional e da atuação mundial das Fundações Políticas. Esse arcabouço teórico fornece os subsídios necessários para compreender e apontar as especificidades da atuação da Fundação Konrad Adenauer, ator internacional da Terceira Onda de Democratização. Tais especificidades são evidenciadas na análise de seu modus operandi no Brasil, uma vez que a experiência brasileira demonstra como seu caráter híbrido foi essencial para contornar os evidentes obstáculos inerentes ao contexto político autoritário e promover idéias e atores em prol da democracia.

Do controle da legalidade às auditorias operacionais : os Tribunais de Contas e o controle financeiro da administração pública brasileira.

A tendência de ampliação do papel dos Tribunais de Contas no cenário político nacional através dos mecanismos de controle que lhes foram atribuídos pela Constituição Federal de 1988, antes limitada a uma simples verificação da legalidade dos atos dos gestores públicos, sua área de atuação, foi acrescida da capacidade de auditar a qualidade da gestão pública, visando, principalmente a economicidade, eficiência, eficácia e efetividade das políticas implementadas. Neste cenário, a auditoria operacional surge como uma ferramenta importante para que estes órgãos de controle possam exercer a missão de fiscalização dos gestores da res pública, de forma a garantir que estes conduzam a máquina pública sempre utilizando a política pública mais eficiente para a obtenção de resultados que sejam positivos para a sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como os Tribunais de Contas brasileiros estão lidando com a tarefa de fiscalizar as questões relativas à Auditoria Operacional, respondendo a duas perguntas básicas: a) Se as auditorias operacionais realizadas pelas entidades fiscalizadoras têm, efetivamente, contribuído para o alcance dos objetivos das políticas públicas, e; b) Se as técnicas até aqui utilizadas na execução das auditorias operacionais são adequadas para a avaliação dessas políticas. Em relação à primeira questão, concluímos que, da forma com que as auditorias operacionais estão sendo realizadas no Brasil, ainda há uma distância razoável a ser percorrida antes que se possa dizer que sim, devido, principalmente, a falta de uma determinação no sentido de responsabilizar nominalmente os responsáveis pela condução das recomendações expedidas pelos Tribunais de Contas, quando da publicação do acórdão que se origina dos trabalhos de auditoria. Quanto ao segundo questionamento, acreditamos que a realização de auditorias de natureza operacional engloba uma série de fatores que vão desde a dificuldade de se obter dos jurisdicionados indicadores que indiquem claramente quais os objetivos que se procurou atingir com determinada política, até a necessidade dos próprios tribunais de contas de instituírem quadros de pessoal específicos, voltados para esta tarefa.

Reach: is such regulation WTO consistent?

This present study analyses the Regulation on Chemicals of the European Union – so called REACH, and some of its main features. Technical barriers to trade have become the new instrument of distorting international trade benefits and creating protection for domestic industry, on the basis of protection of human health and the environment. It aims at identifying REACH’s most primary and controversial element and its consistency under the World Trade Organization System, in context of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

Breadcrumbs: location and context aware mobile platform for story sharing

With the current proliferation of sensor equipped mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, location aware services are expanding beyond the mere efficiency and work related needs of users, evolving in order to incorporate fun, culture and the social life of users. Today people on the move have more and more connectivity and are expected to be able to communicate with their usual and familiar social networks. That means communications not only with their peers and colleagues, friends and family but also with unknown people that might share their interests, curiosities or happen to use the same social network. Through social networks, location aware blogging, cultural mobile applications relevant information is now available at specific geographical locations and open to feedback and conversations among friends as well as strangers. In fact, nowadays smartphone technologies aloud users to post and retrieve content while on the move, often relating to specific physical landmarks or locations, engaging and being engaged in conversations with strangers as much as their own social network. The use of such technologies and applications while on the move can often lead people to serendipitous discoveries and interactions. Throughout our thesis we are engaging on a two folded investigation: how can we foster and support serendipitous discoveries and what are the best interfaces for it? In fact, to read and write content while on the move is a cognitively intensive task. While the map serves the function of orienting the user, it also absorbs most of the user’s concentration. In order to address this kind of cognitive overload issue with Breadcrumbs we propose a 360 degrees interface that enables the user to find content around them by means of scanning the surrounding space with the mobile device. By using a loose metaphor of a periscope, harnessing the power of the smartphone sensors we designed an interactive interface capable of detecting content around the users and display it in the form of 2 dimensional bubbles which diameter depends on their distance from the users. Users will navigate the space in relation to the content that they are curious about, rather than in relation to the traditional geographical map. Through this model we envisage alleviating a certain cognitive overload generated by having to continuously confront a two dimensional map with the real three dimensional space surrounding the user, but also use the content as a navigational filter. Furthermore this alternative mean of navigating space might bring serendipitous discovery about places that user where not aware of or intending to reach. We hence conclude our thesis with the evaluation of the Breadcrumbs application and the comparison of the 360 degrees interface with a traditional 2 dimensional map displayed on the devise screen. Results from the evaluation are compiled in findings and insights for future use in designing and developing context aware mobile applications.

Uso de técnicas de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto no levantamento e integração de dados necessários a gestão ambiental dos campos de extração de óleo e gás do Canto do Amaro e Alto da Pedra no município de Mossoró - RN

The objective of this work is to identify, to chart and to explain the evolution of the soil occupation and the envirionment vulnerability of the areas of Canto do Amaro and Alto da Pedra, in the city of Mossoró-RN, having as base analyzes it multiweather of images of orbital remote sensors, the accomplishment of extensive integrated works of field to a Geographic Information System (GIS). With the use of inserted techniques of it analyzes space inserted in a (GIS), and related with the interpretation and analyzes of products that comes from the Remote Sensoriamento (RS.), make possible resulted significant to reach the objectives of this works. Having as support for the management of the information, the data set gotten of the most varied sources and stored in digital environment, it comes to constitute the geographic data base of this research. The previous knowledge of the spectral behavior of the natural or artificial targets, and the use of algorithms of Processing of Digital images (DIP), it facilitates the interpretation task sufficiently and searchs of new information on the spectral level. Use as background these data, was generated a varied thematic cartography was: Maps of Geology, Geomorfológicals Units soils, Vegetation and Use and Occupation of the soil. The crossing in environment SIG, of the above-mentioned maps, generated the maps of Natural and Vulnerability envirionmental of the petroliferous fields of I Canto do Amaro and Alto da Pedra-RN, working in an ambient centered in the management of waters and solid residuos, as well as the analysis of the spatial data, making possible then a more complex analysis of the studied area

BRIDGE: uma ferramenta para o Design de Interfaces de Usuário baseada em especificações IMML

With hardware and software technologies advance, it s also happenning modifications in the development models of computational systems. New methodologies for user interface specification are being created with user interface description languages (UIDL). The UIDLs are a way to have a precise description in a language with more abstraction and independent of how will be implemented. A great problem is that even using these nowadays methodologies, we still have a big distance between the UIDLs and its design, what means, the distance between abstract and concrete. The tool BRIDGE (Interface Design Generator Environment) was created with the intention of being a linking bridge between a specification language (the Interactive Message Modeling Language IMML) and its implementation in Java, linking the abstract (specification) to the concrete (implementation). IMML is a language based on models, that allows the designer works in distinct abstraction levels, being each model a distinct abstraction level. IMML is a XML language, that uses the Semiotic Engineering concepts, that deals the computational system, with the user interface and its elements like a metacommunicative artifact, where these elements must to transmit a message to the user about what task must to be realized and the way to reach this goal. With BRIDGE, we intend to supply a lot of support to the design task, being the user interface prototipation the greater of them. BRIDGE allows the design becomes easier and more intuitive coming from an interface specification language