Influência dos parâmetros de processo na deposição de nitreto de titânio por plasma em gaiola catódica

Titanium nitride films were grown on glass using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Deposition technique in order to verify the influence of process parameters in optical and structural properties of the films. The plasma atmosphere used was a mixture of Ar, N2 and H2, setting the Ar and N2 gas flows at 4 and 3 sccm, respectively and H2 gas flow varied from 0, 1 to 2 sccm. The deposition process was monitored by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to investigate the influence of the active species in plasma. It was observed that increasing the H2 gas flow into the plasma the luminescent intensities associated to the species changed. In this case, the luminescence of N2 (391,4nm) species was not proportional to the increasing of the H2 gas into the reactor. Other parameters investigated were diameter and number of holes in the cage. The analysis by Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD) confirmed that the obtained films are composed by TiN and they may have variations in the nitrogen amount into the crystal and in the crystallite size. The optical microscopy images provided information about the homogeneity of the films. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed some microstructural characteristics and surface roughness. The thickness was measured by ellipsometry. The optical properties such as transmittance and reflectance (they were measured by spectrophotometry) are very sensitive to changes in the crystal lattice of the material, chemical composition and film thicknesses. Therefore, such properties are appropriate tools for verification of this process control. In general, films obtained at 0 sccm of H2 gas flow present a higher transmittance. It can be attributed to the smaller crystalline size due to a higher amount of nitrogen in the TiN lattice. The films obtained at 1 and 2 sccm of H2 gas flow have a golden appearance and XRD pattern showed peaks characteristics of TiN with higher intensity and smaller FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) parameter. It suggests that the hydrogen presence in the plasma makes the films more stoichiometric and becomes it more crystalline. It was observed that with higher number of holes in the lid of the cage, close to the region between the lid and the sample and the smaller diameter of the hole, the deposited film is thicker, which is justified by the most probability of plasma species reach effectively the sample and it promotes the growth of the film

Shortcuts to adiabaticity in the double well

123 p.

Análise mecânica e microestrutural das ligas de cobalto-cromo de uso odontológico após sucessivas refundições

The cobalt-chromium alloy is extensively used in the Odontology for the confection of metallic scaffolding in partial removable denture. During the last few years, it has been reported an increasing number of premature imperfections, with a few months of prosthesis use. The manufacture of these components is made in prosthetic laboratories and normally involves recasting, using parts of casting alloy and parts of virgin alloy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties of a commercial cobalt-chromium alloy of odontological use after successive recasting, searching information to guide the dental prosthesis laboratories in the correct manipulation of the cobalt-chromium alloy in the process of casting and the possible limits of recasting in the mechanical properties of this material. Seven sample groups were confectioned, each one containing five test bodies, divided in the following way: G1: casting only with virgin alloy; G2: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G1 + 50% of virgin alloy; G3: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G2 + 50% of virgin alloy; G4: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G3 + 50% of virgin alloy; G5: 50% of alloy of the G4 + 50% of virgin alloy; G6: 50% of alloy of the G5 + 50% of virgin alloy and finally the G7, only with recasting alloy. The modifications in the mechanical behavior of the alloy were evaluated. Moreover, it was carried the micro structural characterization of the material by optic and electronic scanning microscopy, and X ray diffraction.and fluorescence looking into the correlatation of the mechanical alterations with structural modifications of the material caused by successive recasting process. Generally the results showed alterations in the fracture energy of the alloy after successive recasting, resulting mainly of the increasing presence of pores and large voids, characteristic of the casting material. Thus, the interpretation of the results showed that the material did not reveal significant differences with respect to the tensile strength or elastic limit, as a function of successive recasting. The elastic modulus increased from the third recasting cycle on, indicating that the material can be recast only twice. The fracture energy of the material decreased, as the number of recasting cycles increased. With respect to the microhardness, the statistical analyses showedno significant differences. Electronic scanning microscopy revealed the presence of imperfections and defects, resulting of the recasting process. X ray diffraction and fluorescence did not show alterations in the composition of the alloy or the formation of crystalline phases between the analyzed groups. The optical micrographs showed an increasing number of voids and porosity as the material was recast. Therefore, the general conclusion of this study is that the successive recasting of of Co-Cr alloys affects the mechanical properties of the material, consequently leading to the failure of the prosthetic work. Based on the results, the best recommendadition is that the use of the material should be limited to two recasting cycles

Síntese de pigmentos cerâmicos inorgânicos nanométricos e encapsulados com estrutura core-shell pela rota dos precursores poliméricos

The present work has as objective the development of ceramic pigments based in iron oxides and cobalt through the polymeric precursor method, as well as study their characteristics and properties using methods of physical, chemical, morphological and optical characterizations.In this work was used iron nitrate, and cobalt citrate as precursor and nanometer silica as a matrix. The synthesis was based on dissolving the citric acid as complexing agent, addition of metal oxides, such as chromophores ions and polymerization with ethylene glycol. The powder obtained has undergone pre-ignition, breakdown and thermal treatments at different calcination temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C). Thermogravimetric analyzes were performed (BT) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), in order to evaluate the term decomposition of samples, beyond characterization by techniques such as BET, which classified as microporous materials samples calcined at 700 ° C, 800 º C and 900 º C and non-porous when annealed at 1000 ° C and 1100 º C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified the formation of two crystalline phases, the Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) and Cristobalite (SiO2), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of agglomerates of particles slightly rounded;and Analysis of Colorimetry, temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C showed a brown color and 1000 °C and 1100 °C violet

Sucesso e insucesso no licenciamento: uma perspectiva integrada.

Doutoramento em Gestão.

Processamento e caracterização de compósitos Poli(METACRILATO DE METILA)/Sílica (PMMA/SiO2)

Currently the search for new materials with properties suitable for specific applications has increased the number of researches that aim to address market needs. The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the most important polymers of the family of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, especially for its unique optical properties and weathering resistance, and exceptional hardness and gloss. The development of polymer composites by the addition of inorganic fillers to the PMMA matrix increases the potential use of this polymer in various fields of application. The most commonly used inorganic fillers are particles of silica (SiO2), modified clays, graphite and carbon nanotubes. The main objective of this work is the development of PMMA/SiO2 composites at different concentrations of SiO2, for new applications as engineering plastics. The composites were produced by extrusion of tubular film, and obtained via solution for application to commercial PMMA plates, and also by injection molding, for improved the abrasion and scratch resistance of PMMA without compromising transparency. The effects of the addition of silica particles in the polymer matrix properties were evaluated by the maximum tensile strength, hardness, abrasion and scratch resistance, in addition to preliminary characterization by torque rheometry and melt flow rate. The results indicated that it is possible to use silica particles in a PMMA matrix, and a higher silica concentration produced an increase of the abrasion and scratch resistance, hardness, and reduced tensile strength

Introduccion - Simulando con OMNET: selección de la herramienta y su utilización

La diferenciación y el soporte en calidad de servicio es utilizada en muchas arquitecturas de red, técnicas y frameworks, tales como IP, con los esquemas de DiffServ e IntServ, redes NGN, GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) y redes ópticas, entre otras. Actualmente, la calidad de servicio no es solo una cuestión técnica, sino que se ha convertido en un producto que puede ser visto desde numerosas perspectivas, en las que los clientes, cada día, demandan más servicios, de mayor calidad. Por lo tanto, los proveedores deben mejorar sus implementaciones para permanecer en este reñido mercado (Piotr, Stankiewicz, Cholda, & Jajszczyk, 2011). En este contexto, las redes actuales deben garantizar la calidad en los servicios sin importar el incremento paulatino de usuarios y dispositivos de interconectividad. La mejor manera de hacerlo no es necesariamente invirtiendo en la infraestructura más moderna que soporte técnicas para este fin. Existen mecanismos que se pueden aplicar sobre infraestructuras de red actuales, las cuales ayudan a manejar el tráfico de manera adecuada, de tal manera que los parámetros de calidad de servicio se mantengan dentro de los límites permisibles establecidos por la Recomendación Y.1541 (UIT, 2011a).

Síntesis y caracterización de películas delgadas del sistema CuₓSnᵧSz

Recientemente, debido al alto consumo energético, la investigación de nuevos materiales semiconductores de bajo costo y no tóxicos para la fabricación de dispositivos fotovoltaicos ha sido de gran interés. En el presente proyecto se sintetizaron y caracterizaron películas delgadas de Cu2SnS3 y Cu4SnS4, obtenidas mediante la combinación de las técnicas de depósito por baño químico y evaporación térmica. Se obtuvieron películas delgadas de SnS de estructura ortorrómbica de 350 nm de espesor mediante baño químico como películas precursoras. Se depositaron capas de Cu (30, 50, 75 y 150nm) mediante evaporación térmica. Calentando las muestras de SnS con capas de Cu evaporado en presencia de azufre elemental (sulfurización) a 400 oC (10 oC/min) se promovió la formación de las fases ternarias Cu2SnS3 y Cu4SnS4. Los resultados de difracción de rayos-X indicaron que para el caso de las muestras con poca cantidad de Cu (30 nm), la fase binaria secundaria (SnS2) se forma junto con la fase ternaria Cu2SnS3-cúbica. Con 75nm de Cu (400 oC) solamente la fase ternaria Cu2SnS3-tetragonal está presente, y con 150 nm de Cu (400 ̊C) la fase secundaria se forma (Cu7S5). Al incrementar la temperatura de sulfurización a 450 ̊C para la condición de 150 nm de Cu, se obtiene la formación de la fase ternaria Cu4SnS4-ortorrómbica. Las propiedades ópticas para la fase Cu2SnS3-tetragonal con un espesor de 480 nm indicaron que esta presenta una transición óptica directa con brecha de energía en el rango 0.96 eV. La fase Cu4SnS4-ortorrómbica con un espesor de 760 nm, presentó una transición óptica indirecta con una brecha de energía alrededor de 0.5 eV. Además, ambas fases presentaron coeficientes de absorción óptica superiores a 104 cm-1 en el rango visible (1.6 - 3.3 eV). Las muestras no presentaron fotorrespuesta. La fase Cu2SnS3-tetragonal, mostró una conductividad eléctrica a temperatura ambiente de 17 Ω-1 cm-1 (tipo-p), con una movilidad de huecos de 3.62 cm2/V s y una concentración de huecos de 1019 cm-3, mientras que para la fase Cu4SnS4-ortorrómbico, la conductividad fue de 11 Ω-1 cm-1 (tipo-p), con una movilidad y concentración de huecos de 3.75 cm2/V s y 1019 cm-3, respectivamente.

Centros culturais portugueses: espaços vivos da cultura europeia?

Dissertação de mest. em Gestão Cultural, Univ. do Algarve, Univ. de Paris - 8, 1999

Análise de conversores de frequência óptica baseados em amplificadores ópticos semicondutores

Dissertação de mest. em Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2002

Avaliação in vitro da adaptação marginal e interna de coroas de cerâmica e resina composta fabricadas com o sistema CAD/CAM utilizando duas câmeras intraorais de moldagem digital

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015.

Multibiomarker assessment of cadmium-based quantum dots effects in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Ramo: Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, Especialização em Ecotoxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

El cuento y la novela digital: estructura del texto e interactivdad

Resumen Desde hace algunas décadas la computadora, las tablets, los teléfonos inteligentes, los libros electrónicos, el internet y la conectividad irrumpieron en nuestras casas, cambiando de manera casi radical nuestra manera de aprehender el mundo. Es cierto que hoy en día, el fenómeno multimedia y su impacto sobre la sociedad fueron analizados desde diferentes perspectivas,tratando establecer los cambios en el comportamiento y hábitos que lo digital acarrea. Evidentemente, el mundo literario, como todos los ámbitos de la cultural, ha sido afectado por este fenómeno tecnológico y sus innovaciones. Varios autores y críticos literarios han analizado el tema desde varias ópticas, tales como Christian Vanderdrope y Roger Chartier quienes han estudiado los cambios que van desde las transformaciones físicas del libro hasta variaciones en la estructura del texto;Clément y Landow estudian, también la estructura misma de ciertos textos narrativos contemporáneos; escritores como Andrés Neuman, Leonardo Valencia, Vicente Mora o Fernando Escobar, entre otros,crean y reflexionan sobre el uso que ellos mismos hacen de la herramienta digital a través de susblogs. Estas nuevas textualidades es lo que nos proponemos estudiar en este trabajo, describiendo el impacto de su evolución y mutación artística, básicamente centrándonos en la estructura del texto ya sea del cuento o la novela; así como establecer la novedosa vinculación que estos textos mantiene con sus lectores.

Propiedades dieléctricas y térmicas de cristales líquidos: dímeros y bent-core

194 p.

El tercer sector: una revisión introductoria a un concepto polémico

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar y cuestionar el concepto de tercer sector como espacio diferenciado de un primer y un segundo sectores, Estado y mercado. Conviene apuntar desde el principio que no existe consenso ni sobre su definición, ni sobre su conceptualización; ni siquiera sobre las formas de relación y organización que en él se incluyen. Para situar este fenómeno y su problemática comenzamos repasando las coordenadas de emergencia de este concepto, para continuar revisando las diversas ópticas que se plantean en el debate e introducir algunas cuestiones que contribuyan en la medida de lo posible a «positivar» este espacio económico, social y político