Performance of transport and selective media for swine Bordetella bronchiseptica recovery and it comparison to polymerase chain reaction detection

Three comparative assays were performed seeking to improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection analyzing swine nasal swabs. An initial assay compared the recovery of B. bronchiseptica from swabs simultaneously inoculated with B. bronchiseptica and some interfering bacteria, immersed into three transport formulations (Amies with charcoal, trypticase soy broth and phosphate buffer according to Soerensen supplemented with 5% of bovine fetal serum) and submitted to different temperatures (10ºC and 27ºC) and periods of incubation (24, 72 and 120 hours). A subsequent assay compared three selective media (MacConkey agar, modified selective medium G20G and a ceftiofur medium) for their recovery capabilities from clinical specimens. One last assay compared the polymerase chain reaction to the three selective media. In the first assay, the recovery of B. bronchiseptica from transport systems was better at 27ºC and the three formulations had good performances at this temperature, but the collection of qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated the advantage of Amies medium for nasal swabs transportation. The second assay indicated that MacConkey agar and modified G20G had similar results and were superior to the ceftiofur medium. In the final assay, polymerase chain reaction presented superior capability of B. bronchiseptica detection to culture procedures.

Isolation of rabies virus from the parotid salivary glands of foxes (Pseudalopex vetulus) from Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil

To determine the presence of rabies virus in the parotid salivary glands, 12 road-killed rabies-positive hoary foxes (Pseudoalopex vetulus) were tested by using the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). All 12 parotid salivary glands were positive for both tests, although in some cases several passages were required. The findings of this study support the importance of the hoary fox as rabies reservoir in the semi-arid region of Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil.

EMJH medium with 5-fluorouracil and nalidixic acid associated with serial dilution technique used to recover Leptospira spp from experimentally contaminated bovine semen

Bovine semen experimentally contaminated with Leptospira santarosai serovar Guaricura was submitted to the modified EMJH medium with 5-fluorouracil (300mg/L) and nalidixic acid (20mg/L), named as "selective medium" and using the serial dilution technique, in order to evaluate the percentage of recovery of the added microorganism. The selective EMJH medium was found with higher percentage of recovery of leptospiras and minor losses of samples due to contamination with opportunistic microorganisms than the non-selective EMJH medium: 151/376 (40.0%) of positive growth; and 38/376 (10.0%) contamination and 58/376 (15%) and 129/376 (34.0%), respectively. These results were statistically significant (p<0. 0001; Fisher). Differences were found when the frequencies of positive leptospires recovery have been compared in the serial dilution technique (10-1 to 10-4) between the selective and non-selective media at different dilution factors. At 1/10th dilution the percentages found were (0%, 0/80) and (38%, 30/80), at 1/100th dilution, (3%, 2/80) and (49%, 39/80) and at 1/1,000th dilution, (25%, 20/80) and (50%, 40/80), respectively. The percentage of recovery of leptospires was found to be directly proportional to the dilution used. The methodology of the serial dilution technique (setting at least three dilutions) and the use of selective EMJH medium have been found to be efficient for the isolation of leptospires from the bovine semen samples.

Comparison of agglutinating and neutralizing antibodies to serovar hardjo in sows immunized with two commercial whole culture polivalent anti-leptospira bacterins

It was performed the comparison of the intensity and duration of agglutinating and neutralizing antibodies to serovar Hardjo in swines vaccinated with two commercial anti-leptospira bacterins. Sows no reactive to 24 Leptospira sp serovars in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were divided in three groups: Group A (n=08): received two vaccine A doses with 30 days interval, Group B (n=08) two vaccine B doses with 30 days interval and Group C (n=08): control no vaccinated against leptospirosis.Blood samples were collected each 30 days during six months following the first vaccination. The sera were tested by MAT and growth inhibition test (GIT) to serovar Hardjo in order to evaluate respectively agglutinating and neutralizing antibodies. It was found that neutralizing antibodies persisted for a longer time than the agglutinating ones and that the absence of agglutinating antibodies does not means in the absence of the neutralizing. The peaks of agglutinating antibodies was obtained at least 30 days earlier than that produced by neutralizing. The duration of both kinds of antibodies measured differed between the two bacterines tested. The period for inducing neutralizing antibodies against serovar Hardjo indicated that gilts must be immunized with two doses of whole culture anti-leptospira bacterines applied 30 days each other at least 90 days before the first mating. For the maintenance of hight levels of neutralizing antibodies the revaccinations must be performed every six months after the first vaccination.

Comparison of three decontamination methods for Mycobacterium bovis isolation

Sixty samples of tissue fragments with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis from bovine abattoirs, kept in saturated solution of sodium borate, were subjected to four treatments: 4% NaOH (Petroff Method), 12 % H2SO4 and 1.5% HPC (1-Hexadecylpyridinium Chloride) decontamination, and physiological saline solution (control). The HPC method showed the lowest contamination rate (3%) when compared to control (88%, p<0.001), NaOH (33%, p<0.001) and H2SO4 (21.7%, p<0.002). Regarding the isolation success, the HPC method was better (40%) than the control (3%, p<0.001), NaOH (13%, p=0.001) and H2SO4 (1.7%, p<0.001) methods. These results indicate that HPC is an alternative to the Petroff method.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium in pet birds

The present study is a report on the presence of Mycobacterium avium in four birds of the psittaciform order kept as pets. Anatomopathological diagnosis showed lesions suggestive of the agent and presence of alcohol-acid resistant bacilli (AARB) shown by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The identification of Mycobacterium avium was performed by means of PRA (PCR Restriction Analysis). DNA was directly extracted from tissue of the lesions and blocked in paraffin. The role of this agent in pet bird infection is discussed, as well as its zoonotic potential.

Microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra

As pyometra is recognized as one of the main causes of disease and death in the bitch the purposes of this study were to evaluate microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra and to research the virulence factors of the E. coli isolates identifying possible risks to human health. The microbiological isolation from the intrauterine contents of 100 dogs with pyometra was carried out and the virulence factors in the E. coli strains were identified using PCR method. This study also consisted of the counting of microorganisms colonies forming units in samples of intrauterine content, tests of antimicrobial susceptibility of the E. coli isolates and the histological examination of the uterus. E. coli was the most prevalent microorganism isolated (76.6%) and 120 strains (79.5%) were positive for sfa, 86 (56.9%) were positive for cnf, 87 (57.6%) were positive for pap, 52 (34.4%) were positive for hly, 51 (33.8%) were positive for iuc and 5 (3.3%) were positive for afa genes. One observed more sensitivity of E. coli to norfloxacin, polimixin B, sulphazotrin, chloranfenicol and enrofloxacin. In 42% of the samples of uterine walls where microorganisms were isolated, the sizes of the areas of the inflammatory responses corresponded to 39-56%. Virulence factors were identified in 98.0% of the strains evaluated, demonstrating a high frequency of potentially pathogenic E. coli. It must be considered that dogs are animals that are living in close proximity to man for thousands of years and have an important role in the transmission of E. coli to other animals and to man.

The Many Voices of Waly Salomao

This paper discusses the change in the enunciative strategy in Algaravias (1996), written by the Brazilian poet Waly Salomao (1943-2003). This change is specially treated in relation to his previous production which, in my point of view, is re-writed according to the new historical and cultural context.

Evas??o em cursos de educa????o continuada a dist??ncia: um estudo na Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica

A an??lise da literatura brasileira sobre educa????o a dist??ncia ?? ainda limitada no que diz respeito a estudos que investiguem o fen??meno da evas??o, em especial, em contextos de escolas de governo. Este artigo procura identificar e analisar os fatores que contribuem para a evas??o de participantes nos cursos de educa????o continuada a dist??ncia em uma organiza????o governamental respons??vel pela capacita????o dos servidores da administra????o p??blica federal. A ??nfase das investiga????es encontra-se nas vari??veis referentes ??s dificuldades pessoais, profissionais e tecnol??gicas, ??s peculiaridades do curso e caracter??sticas da clientela, contrastadas com as vari??veis demogr??ficas referentes ?? evas??o em cursos a dist??ncia mediados por tecnologias da informa????o e da comunica????o. O trabalho ?? embasado em metodologia quantitativa, por meio de pesquisa descritiva de campo junto aos participantes, valendo-se do uso de question??rio eletr??nico. Procura contribuir para investiga????es sobre o tema, em especial no que se refere aos servidores p??blicos.

Bravos companheiros e fantasmas 5 : estudos críticos sobre o autor capixaba

Maria Amélia Dalvi, Orlando Lopes, Reinaldo Santos Neves, organizadores

A recepção da obra de Paulo Coelho pela crítica literária e pelo leitor

Propõe-se um estudo acerca da recepção da obra de Paulo Coelho pela crítica literária e pelo leitor, envolvendo a indústria cultural, sob a perspectiva da Sociologia da Literatura. A pesquisa justifica-se pela grande proporção de leitores que a obra atinge: traduzida para 81 idiomas e lida em 168 países, tendo boa aceitação por diferentes perfis de leitores e por muitos críticos literários de outros países. No Brasil, a produção do escritor é recebida com uma certa reserva pela crítica literária. As intervenções da indústria cultural são discutidas por meio de um diálogo estabelecido entre Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Pierre Bourdieu, Umberto Eco, Luiz Costa Lima e Muniz Sodré. Em seguida, estabelece-se uma discussão sobre valor estético em relação à literatura contemporânea. Posteriormente, são mostradosos elementos temáticos recorrentes e a proximidade da narrativa coelhana com a oralidade, a partir da influência das canções compostas em parceria com Raul Seixas e da operação dos gêneros parábola e fábula.A recepção da crítica é analisada, baseando-se em estudos de Mário Maestri, Eloésio Paulo, teses e dissertações, artigos, entre outros. A recepção do leitor tem como aporte teórico Antonio Candido e Roger Chartier, dentre outros, apoiando-se na Estética da Recepção, especificamente nos estudos de Hans Robert Jauss e Regina Zilberman. É analisada a recepção da obra de Paulo Coelho pelos leitores da rede social Skoob, a fim de verificar o gênero, a idade,o nível de escolaridade, a condição socioeconômica e cultural e as impressões de leitura destes. Compreendendo esses sujeitos-leitores, historicamente, e valendo-se de outros aspectos (em vez dos estéticos) apontados pela Sociologia da Literatura, é possível estabelecer diálogos entre as preferências desses leitores com obras já legitimadas pela teoria e crítica literárias, ampliando o repertório destes e contribuindo para a mediação e a promoção da leitura, no Brasil.

A paz dos vagabundos

Coleção II Prêmio Ufes de Literatura. Categoria Romance