Caracterização cognitiva de perfis de leitores: o estudo da ortografia portuguesa

A evolução humana permitiu algumas conquistas culturais, como a compet~encia aprendida formalmente para (des)codificar linguagem escrita, ato que implica um elevado grau de complexidade em termos de atividade cerebral. Apesar de variados estudos procurarem compreender os processos cognitivos e os correlatos cerebrais da leitura, impõe-se ainda a compreensão das dificuldades que muitas crianças revelam, não obstante níveis de inteligência normais e oportunidades educativas ajustadas.

Bio-synthesis of nanosized semiconductors using mine wastes as material sources

This work describes the synthesis of nanosized metal sulfides and respective SiO2 and/or TiO2 composites in high yield via a straightforward process, under ambient conditions (temperature and pressure), by adding to aqueous metals a nutrient solution containing biologically generated sulfide from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The nanoparticles‘ (NPs) morphological properties were shown not to be markedly altered by the SRB growth media composition neither by the presence of bacterial cells. We further extended the work carried out, using the effluent of a bioremediation system previously established. The process results in the synthesis of added value products obtained from metal rich effluents, such as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), when associated with the bioremediation process. Precipitation of metals using sulfide allows for the possibility of selective recovery, as different metal sulfides possess different solubilities. We have evaluated the selective precipitation of CuS, ZnS and FeS as nanosized metal sulfides. Again, we have also tested the precipitation of these metal sulfides in the presence of support structures, such as SiO2. Studies were carried out using both artificial and real solutions in a continuous bioremediation system. We found that this method allowed for a highly selective precipitation of copper and a lower selectivity in the precipitation of zinc and iron, though all metals were efficiently removed (>93% removal). This research has also demonstrated the potential of ZnS-TiO2 nanocomposites as catalysts in the photodegradation of organic pollutants using the cationic dye, Safranin-T, as a model contaminant. The influence of the catalyst amount, initial pH and dye concentration were also evaluated. Finally, the efficiency of the precipitates as catalysts in sunlight mediated photodegradation was investigated, using different volumes of dye-contaminated water (150 mL and 10 L). This work demonstrates that all tested composites have the potential to be used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Safranin-T.

Design de compostos oxometálicos e estudo das suas propriedades catalíticas em reações de oxidação

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal contribuir para um maior conhecimento e compreensão das propriedades catalíticas de sistemas baseados em metais de transição com estado de oxidação elevado. O trabalho desenvolvido englobou a síntese e a caracterização de novos compostos de molibdénio, tendo como ponto de partida a síntese de cis-dioxocomplexos do tipo MoO2Cl2Ln (n = 1 ou 2, conforme ligandos bidentados ou monodentados, respetivamente) a partir dos precursores MoO2Cl2, MoO3 e Na2MoO4 com ligandos como dimetilformamida (DMF), tris(benzimidazolil)metano (HC(bim)3). Os compostos MoO2Cl2(DMF)2 (Capítulo2) e [MoO2Cl(HC(bim)3]Y (Y = Cl, BF4 e PF6) (Capítulo 3) foram testados como precursores catalíticos na epoxidação de olefinas, em fase heterogénea. O primeiro foi imobilizado no suporte MCM-41 enquanto os últimos foram heterogeneizados com recurso a líquidos iónicos - [BMIM]Y e [BMPy]Y (BIM = 1-n-butil-3-metilimidazólio, BMPy = 1-n-butil-3-metilpiridina; Y = BF4 ou PF6), como estratégia alternativa à heterogeneização dos catalisadores homogéneos. Por outro lado, aprofundou-se também a epoxidação de olefinas em fase homogénea e, para isso, sintetizaram-se os compostos Mo(CO)3(HC(pz)3) (HC(pz)3 = tris(1-pirazoli)metano), Mo(CO)3(HC(3,5-Me2pz)3 (HC(3,5-Me2pz)3 = tris(3,5-dimetil-1-pirazolil)metano) (Capítulo 4) e Mo(CO)4(BPM) (BPM = bis(pirazolil)metano) (Capítulo 5) a partir do material de partida Mo(CO)6. A descarbonilação oxidativa destes compostos, com TBHP, originaram estruturas cristalinas do tipo dioxo--oxo, [{MoO2(HC(pz)3)}2(2-O)][Mo6O19] e [{MoO2(HC(3,5-Me2pz)3)}2(2-O)][Mo6O19], e oxodiperoxo, MoO(O2)2(BPM), respetivamente. Obtiveram-se os mesmos produtos in situ durante as respetivas reações catalíticas. Todos os compostos foram utilizados como catalisadores ou pré-catalisadores na epoxidação de olefinas, com bons resultados. Por fim e, tendo em conta o crescente interesse em materiais híbridos orgânicos-inorgânicos baseados em óxidos de molibdénio, sintetizou-se o composto MoO2Cl2(pypzEA) (pypzEA = etil[(3-piridin-2-il)-1H-pirazol-1-il]acetato) o qual, ao reagir com água, originou o material híbrido [Mo2O6(HpypzA)] (HpypzA = [3-(piridin-2-il)-1H-pirazol-1-il]acetato) (Capítulo 6). A estrutura deste último composto foi resolvida por difração de monocristal e de raio-X de pós, em conjunto com a informação proveniente de técnicas como FT-IR, RMN 13C CP/MAS e análise elementar. Este material híbrido apresenta um bom desempenho catalítico quando o TBHP é usado como oxidante e continua estável e a comportar-se como um catalisador heterogéneo mesmo após sofrer testes de reciclagem e de filtração. Ainda durante este estudo constatou-se que a reação oxidativa do material de partida, MoO2Cl2(pypzEA), com TBHP, originou o oxo(diperoxo)complexo MoO(O2)2(pypzEA) e o complexo octamérico [Mo8O24(pypzEA)4] obtido previamente pela descarbonilação oxidativa do Mo(CO)4(pypzEA). Todos os catalisadores ou precursores de espécies ativas foram analisados por técnicas de caracterização comuns (AE, FT-IR, Raman, ATR, 1H RMN) bem como por técnicas de caracterização do estado sólido (EXAFS, DRX de pós e de cristal único, 13C e 29Si RMN CP MAS). Os compostos com propriedades catalíticas e pré-catalíticas promissoras foram estudados nas reações catalíticas de epoxidação de diversas olefinas, nomeadamente, cis-cicloocteno, 1-octeno, trans-2-octeno, -pineno, (R)-(+)-limoneno, estireno, norborneno, entre outras.

Recreational shore fishing in southern Portugal: biological and socio-economic aspects and perspectives for management

Although overfishing is a concern for many fish stocks, it was for a long time only associated with commercial fishing exploitation, with less or no attention being given to the recreational fisheries. Recent research has shown however that the impact of recreational fishing on particular species can be considerable, and that the recreational harvest needs to be taken into account if fisheries are to be accurately assessed and effectively managed. In Portugal, the first recreational fishing regulations were only recently implemented. However, mirroring other European countries, regulations lacked scientific support, and specific knowledge of the activity was limited to a few studies with limited coverage. This thesis aimed to characterize the biological and socioeconomic aspects of the recreational shore angling activity in southern Portugal, to investigate whether the regulations in place were adequate and effective, and to provide recommendations for improved management and conservation of the inshore fisheries resources. A combined aerial-roving survey was conducted to gather data on fishing effort, catch, fishing trips and socioeconomic aspects (including anglers’ perceptions of regulations) of the recreational angling activity. The analysis of anglers’ catches suggested that compliance with daily bag limits was high, with less than 0.5% of creels exceeding the 10 kg angler-1 day-1 bag limit. Overall, 11.5% of the retained fishes were undersized, but non-compliance with minimum size limits was found to be high for some species (e.g. seabass, 73% undersized). In terms of the impact of recreational shore angling, the total estimated catches corresponded to less than 1% of the commercial landings for the same period (shared species). However, shore angling catches for white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) were found to be considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings (39.4% of total catch). In terms of anglers’ perceptions about the recreational fishing regulations in Portugal, the present study has shown that the majority of anglers accepted the existence of some kind of SRF regulations, but in general there was a partial or total disagreement with the recreational fishing restrictions recently put in place. Most anglers perceived themselves as not being involved in the decision-making process and claimed that some restrictions lacked a meaningful rationale (e.g. prohibition of fishing from piers/jetties). Fishers’ awareness with regard to specific aspects of the restrictions (such as the rationale for minimum size limits) was found to be very limited. During the same period, catches from sport fishing competitions were examined to test for differences with the recreational activity in terms of catches, and evaluate long term trends in catch and mean size of fish. Catches of the sport fishing competitions were found to be different from those observed for recreational fishing, being dominated by different species (e.g. garfish, mullets), and suggesting different fishing strategies of the the two types of anglers. High percentages of undersized fish were observed to be captured (and retained) during the competitions (in particular seabass, with 100% undersized), probably as a result of a single allowable minimum size (AMS) of 15 cm for all species in use in competitions. Lastly, catch and release fishing experiments were carried out to assess post-release mortality of three recreationally important species: two banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris; black sea bream Spondyliosoma cantharus; and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Post-release mortalities were found to be low (0-12%). The main predictor of mortality for Sparus aurata was anatomical hooking location, with 63% of the fishes that died being deeply hooked. The results support the release of fish, either from mandatory (e.g. minimum landing sizes) or voluntary practices. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that the impact of recreational fishing for particular species is significant and needs to be taken into account for more effective management and stock assessment purposes. It has also highlighted several management issues that should be addressed in order to promote more adequate regulations in the future and prevent noncompliance issues. A periodic monitoring of the recreational fishing activity including all fishing modes (i.e. spear fishing, boat, and shore angling) would also be beneficial to ensure a timely knowledge on the global recreational fishing activity and support future management actions.

Effect of high CO2 and ocean acidification on photosynthesis and response to oxidative stress in seagrasses

Climate change scenarios comprise significant modifications of the marine realm, notably ocean acidification and temperature increase, both direct consequences of the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. These changes are likely to impact marine organisms and ecosystems, namely the valuable seagrass-dominated coastal habitats. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of seagrasses to climate change, considering CO2, temperature and light as key drivers of these processes. The methodologies used to determine global antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymatic activity in seagrasses were optimized for the species Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, revealing identical defence mechanisms to those found in terrestrial plants. The detailed analysis and identification of photosynthetic pigments in Halophila ovalis, H.stipulacea, Zostera noltii, Z marina, Z. capricorni, Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, sampled across different climatic zones and depths, also revealed a similarity with terrestrial plants, both in carotenoid composition and in the pigment-based photoprotection mechanisms. Cymodocea nodosa plants from Ria Formosa were submitted to the combined effect of potentially stressful light and temperature ranges and showed considerable physiological tolerance, due to the combination of changes in the antioxidant system, activation of the VAZ cycle and accumulation of leaf soluble sugars, thus preventing the onset of oxidative stress. Cymodocea nodosa plants living in a naturally acidified environment near submarine volcanic vents in Vulcano Island (Italy) showed to be under oxidative stress despite the enhancement of the antioxidant capacity, phenolics concentration and carotenoids. Posidonia oceanica leaves loaded with epiphytes showed a significant increase in oxidative stress, despite the increase of antioxidant responses and the allocation of energetic resources to these protection mechanisms. Globally, the results show that seagrasses are physiologically able to deal with potentially stressful conditions from different origins, being plastic enough to avoid stress in many situations and to actively promote ulterior defence and repair mechanisms when under effective oxidative stress.

The importance of the pelagic larval phase of the wedge shell Donax trunculus (L.): implications for the management of the fishery

The wedge shell, Donax trunculus, inhabits high energy environment of exposed sandy beaches from the Atlantic coast of France to Senegal. Like all Donacidae, it is relative small, flat-shaped with elongated solid shells. It is a highly demanded and valuable species mainly in Algarve, with the dredge fleet increasing the pressure on species stocks. In 1986 the Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA) initiated a bivalve survey program to evaluate the stock status of species with economical valuable but always on the adult population. Since then, several managing measures were implemented to guarantee bivalves’ sustainable exploitation. Despite the available information on the abundance and distribution of the wedge shell along the Algarve coast, no information on the larval planktonic phase is available. To fill in this gap, the present study aimed at obtaining, for the first time information on the broodstock condition and on the pelagic phase of the wedge shell in the Algarve coast.

Romantik Hotel Vivenda Miranda: estágio

O presente relatório de estágio tem como objetivo relatar as tarefas exercidas durante a realização do estágio do Mestrado em Direção e Gestão Hoteleira no Romantik Hotel Vivenda Miranda. O relatório é de cariz obrigatório segundo o Regulamento de Mestrados e as metodologias utilizadas durante o estágio e respetivo relatório interligam-se com a revisão da literatura acerca da temática relativa à análise e gestão estratégica, gestão da receita e engenharia da ementa. Após a realização do estágio constata-se a aquisição de vários conhecimentos referentes à gestão e operação hoteleira, nomeadamente, no que concerne a várias fases importantes de planeamento, execução, optimização, controlo e monitorização da estratégia, numa tentativa de melhorar processos futuros. É colocado grande destaque à filosofia do hotel no que se refere à relação de proximidade com o cliente, muito por influência da dimensão do hotel e elevado número de repeaters. A gestão da receita implicou um resultado positivo no que se refere ao planeamento futuro e ao budgeting da empresa, bem como na afirmação dos canais de distribuição e mercado-alvo a apostar e/ou continuar a apostar. Por fim, mas não menos importante, a aquisição de conhecimentos analíticos relacionados com a avaliação da ementa e sua produtividade, não só em termos financeiros, como também no que toca à avaliação qualitativa e intangível da mesma foi igualmente notória. Os resultados daqui adquiridos envolvem-se num carácter mais organizacional, em que se denotou a necessidade de uma maior estruturação de processos já existentes, mas ainda não informatizados, facilitando a gestão da receita nas secções restaurante e cozinha.

Molecular characterization of Gla-rich protein (GRP) gene expression and function

Gla-rich protein (GRP) is a vitamin K-dependent protein related to bone and cartilage recently described. This protein is characterized by a large number of Gla (γ-carboxyglutamic acid) residues being the protein with the highest Gla content of any known protein. It was found in a widely variety of tissues but highest levels was found in skeletal and cartilaginous tissues. This small secreted protein was also expressed and accumulated in soft tissues and it was clearly associated with calcification pathologies in the same tissues. Although the biological importance of GRP remains to be elucidated, it was suggested a physiological role in cartilage development and calcification process during vertebrate skeleton formation. Using zebrafish, an accepted model to study skeletal development, we have described two grp paralog genes, grp1 and grp2, which exhibited distinct patterns of expression, suggesting different regulatory pathways for each gene. Gene synteny analysis showed that grp2 gene is more closely related to tetrapod grp, although grp1 gene was proposed to be the vertebrate ortholog by sequence comparison. In addition, we identified a functional promoter of grp2 gene and using a functional approach we confirmed the involvement of transcription factors from Sox family (Sox9b and Sox10) in the regulation of grp2 expression. In an effort to provide more information about the function of grp isoforms, we generated two zebrafish transgenic lines capable to overexpress conditionally grp genes and possible roles in the skeleton development were studied. To better understand GRP function a mammalian system was used and the analysis of knockout mice showed that GRP is involved in chondrocyte maturation and the absence of GRP is associated to proteoglycans loss in calcified articular cartilage. In addition, we detected differences in chondrogenesis markers in articular chondrocyte primary culture. Overall, our data suggest a main role for GRP on chondrocyte differentiation.

Molecular structure and functional analysis of runx3 in zebrafish

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, 2014

Antioxidant and phenolic compounds in sweet potato peels and leaves: food applications and health benefits

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biotecnológicas (Biotecnologia Alimentar), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

O perfil do enoturista: o caso português

Tese de doutoramento, Turismo, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Assessing soil erosion due to land use change at the Alqueva reservoir surrounding area

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Fracionamento por processos de membranas do soro de queijo com vista ao uso na produção de bioetanol

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e da Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Anticoagulantes orais: velho versus novo

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Development of non-viral vectors for gene therapy for pathologies of the retina

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015