Systema materiae medicae vegetabilis Brasiliensis /

Addenda et emendanda inserted.

Il Cimitero d'Aproniano detto anche di Santa Eugenia su la Via Latina.

Estr. dont Giormale Arcordico, T.LXXXII.

Atividade toxicológica do extrato das folhas de Kalanchoe brasiliensis em camundongos Swiss

The species of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) are widely used in Brazil as a medicinal product to treat cough, boils, gastritis and other diseases. In this scenario stands out K. brasiliensis, popularly known as coirama or saião. This paper aims at the oral exposure of mice to a hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe brasiliensis. The animals (total of 100) were divided into 12 groups (6 males and 6 females) for the acute assessment; and groups of 10 for subchronic evaluation. Test groups were treated with doses of 250 mg / kg, 500 mg / kg, 1000 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg and the control group received 0.9% saline. The animals were observed for 14 days for acute evaluation and 30 days for subchronic evaluation, and in that period analyzed the appearance of clinical signs, changes in weight and consumption of water and food. After the observation period, histopathological analysis of the organs, biochemical serum and haematological parameters for the assessment of the subchronic groups were processed. Differences and changes in body weight were not observed among the groups, nor consumption of water and food, there were no deaths among the groups in the two types of assays. Histopathological analysis showed some alterations compatible with low acute hepatic toxicity. The results of blood glucose, triglycerides, ALT, urea and creatinine showed differences between the control group and the test concentrations studied (p <0.05), but these differences do not show relevant change in the clinical picture of animals. The results showed that the extract K. brasiliensis has low acute toxicity at the doses used and no toxicity when administered for 30 days. This highlights the importance of this species as future and promising candidate for phytotherapics, so has its pharmacological trials completed.

Polpa de jambolão (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) fresca e desidratada: características físico-químicas, bioativas e funcionais, efeitos biológicos em Caenorhabditis elegans e uso para produção de frozen yogurt caprino probiótico

This work evaluated the fresh, spray dried (with 10 % of Arabic Gum) and freeze dried jambolan pulp (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) in regard to physicochemical (pH, moisture, water activity, average particle diameter, solubility and color), bioactive [total phenolic content (TPC), monomeric anthocyanin, pronathocyanidin (PA), total elagic acid (TEA), myricetin and cyanidin] and in vitro functionality (antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities]. In addition, the in vivo functionality of jambolan pulp was investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans model for insulin signaling, longevity and induced neurodegeneration (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease related symptoms). The dried jambolan pulp presented TPC retention (50% to 75%), PA (90% to 98%), TEA (31% to 83%), myricetin (40% to 84%), cyanidin (72% to 84%) and antioxidant activity (15%). The fresh jambolan pulp, the freeze dried pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp presented high enzymatic inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (4,4 to 5,8 mg/mL), alpha-glycosidase (10,3 to 13,8 mg/mL) and alpha-amylase (8,9 to 11,2 mg/mL). They also were active inhibitors against the pathogen S. aureus. The dried jambolan experimental samples were able to increase the expression of several genes linked to the insulin signaling pathways (SIR-2.1, PPTR-1, DAF-16, SOD-3, e CTL) and increased the lifespan in C. elegans (18,07 % - 24,34 %), besides decreasing the amyloid AB1-42 aggregation induced paralysis and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) induced neurodegeneration. Based on that, the jambolan pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp were further selected for the production of caprine frozen yogurt with the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-07. The final product were evaluated in regard to their physicochemical (pH, acidity, total solids, protein, total reducing sugars, fat, ashes, overrun, melting test), bioactive (TPC and monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, probiotic viability and sensory analysis (sensory acceptance). The results showed that samples with probiotic had lowest pH and higher acidity, TPC, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. It was also observed low overrun (14.2% to 22.6%). vi Samples with probiotic had lower flavor scores. Overall, this research presents the jambolan as a highly functional bioactive-rich fruit with the potential to modulate important biological pathways, extend lifespan and retard the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Jambolan is an underexploited exotic fruit with a high colorant potential and this thesis shows for the first time in the literature important technological, biological and scientific data about this fruit that could be used towards the development of health-oriented food products.

Capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme de Candida ssp. isoladas da cavidade oral de pacientes transplantados renais na presença do extrato de Eugenia uniflora

Candidiasis is a major oral manifestation in kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. possess essential virulence factors which contribute for the infectious process, including the ability to adhere to epithelial cells and biofilm formation. The extract obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora [acetone: water (7:3, v/v)] has demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida spp. This study evaluated the influence of the extract of E. uniflora in adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC) and biofilm formation of 42 strains of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. strains belonging to a culture collection were reactivated and phenotypically re-identified by classical and molecular methods (genotyping ABC and RAPD), when necessary, to complete the identification to the species level. For the virulence tests evaluated in vitro, yeasts were grown in the presence and absence of 1000 g/mL of the extract. A ratio of 10: 1 (Candida spp. cells x HBECs) was incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C, 200 rpm, fixed with 10% formalin and the number of Candida cells adhered to 150 HBEC determined by optical microscope. Biofilms were formed on polystyrene microplates in the presence or absence of the extract. The quantification was performed with crystal violet staining at 570 nm. All isolates were viable and exhibited phenotypic characteristics suggestive of each species identified. Two strains presumptively identified as Candida dubliniensis belonged to this species as determined with genotyping ABC, while strains identified as belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex were differentiated by RAPD genotyping. Candida albicans was found to be the most adherent species to the buccal epithelia, while C. tropicalis showed remarkable biofilm formation.We could detect that the extract of E. uniflora was able to reduce adhesion to HBEC for both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans Candida species. On the other hand, only 16 Candida spp. strains (36 %) showed reduced biofilm formation. However, two highly biofilm producer strains of C. tropicalis had an expressive reduction in biofilm formation. This study reinforces the idea that besides growth inhibition, E. uniflora may interfere with the expression of some virulence factors of Candida spp., and may be possibly applied in the future as a novel antifungal agent.

Representações de ciência e tecnologia em Gustavo Barroso (1909-1935): nacionalismo autoritário, eugenia e antissemitismo

This study focuses on the representations of science and technology in the thinking of the Brazilian intellectual Gustavo Barroso in the period between 1909 and 1935. As one of the main leaders of the Brazilian Integralism, we will discuss,especially, his eugenic vision, prior to his participation in integralism and the influence of this science in building his authoritarian and anti-Semitic thinking. We seek to realize Gustavo Barroso dialogue, in a context of profound social and political changes, with the search for a nationalism "truly Brazilian." The methodology used was of a documentary and literature research , highlighting the analysis of Gustavo Barroso books, which were used as primary sources: Intelligencia das Coisas(1923), Aquém da Atlântida (1931), Brasil Colônia de Banqueiros (1934), O Integralismo de Norte a Sul (1934), O Quarto Império (1935) e A Palavra e o Pensamento Integralista (1935), and, also, some of his articles surveyed in the National History Museum collection. The survey results show that in this period Gustavo Barroso went on to develop in his writings an eugenic and authoritarian political vision, later, in his integralist phase, linked strongly to an anti-Semitic view.

Influência dos fatores abióticos sobre a variação espaço-temporal de paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) (pisces, sciaenidae) componente da fauna acompanhante da pesca de camarões no litoral Norte de São Paulo

Knowledge of the environmental factors influence on the spatial-temporal variation of fishes is important to fisheries management and conservation. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the abiotical factors on the spatial-temporal distribution of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) caught by-catch with the shrimp fishing of Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba regions, north coast of São Paulo State. The fishes were captured every month from January to December 2002. Samples were collected by otter trawl at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35m depths. The temperatures (surface and bottom), salinities (surface and bottom), sediment features and organic matters were verified for each depth. During all period of the study 12.642 specimens of P. brasiliensis were captured at Ubatuba and 17.166 at Caraguatatuba, which totalized the biomass of 267 for the first and 339kg for the other region. The females outnumbered males in fish population. The greatest values of biomass and number of individuals were registered at the summer and autumn seasons, while the lowest values were observed at the winter and spring seasons. The greatest abundances were found from 15 to 25m depth. In this study, it was verified that P. brasiliensis is a coastal waters associate species. The spatialtemporal distribution of P. brasiliensis is affected by intrusion of SACW and depth for the coastal region and by depth and sediment in sheltered areas such as Caraguatatuba

Larval development of Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) described from laboratory reared material and a reappraisal of the characters of Pisidae

O completo desenvolvimento larval de Notolopas brasiliensis é descrito, a partir de material criado em laboratório, com ênfase na morfologia externa de Majoidea e comparado aos demais gêneros de Pisidae. O desenvolvimento larval de N. brasiliensis consiste em dois estágios de zoea e um de megalopa. A duração media de cada estágio foi de 4.2 ± 1.0 dias para a Zoea I e 3.8 ± 0.7 dias para a Zoea II, a megalopa aparece entre 8.1 ± 0.4 dias após a eclosão. Os caracteres previamente utilizados para definir as formas larvais de Pisidae ou são simplesiomórficos ou altamente homoplásticos. Foi observado que não existe um conjunto de caracteres capazes de definir Pisidae até o presente.Contudo foi mostrado que uma combinação de caracteres pode ser utilizada para diferenciar Notolopas dos demais gêneros da família.

Producción y caracterización de la superóxido dismutasa a (SodA) de nocardia brasiliensis en pichia pastoris

Introducción: A mediados de los años 70’s del siglo pasado el descubrimiento de la tecnología del ADN recombinante marca el inicio de la era de la biotecnología moderna. La implementación de estas tecnologías permitió la utilización de organismos como sistemas de expresión que a lo largo de los años ha generado la producción de una gran variedad de productos biológicos. Dentro de estos sistemas Pichia pastoris es un sistema de expresión ampliamente utilizado debido a sus características tales como la producción de proteínas en grandes cantidades, la liberación de los productos al medio de cultivo, la obtención de productos complejos que requieren modificaciones postraduccionales típicas de los eucariotas o que contienen puentes disulfuro, entre otras. Nocardia brasiliensis es una bacteria parcialmente ácido-alcohol resistente la cual forma colonias granulares, con hifas aéreas escasas, sus colonias exhiben un color anaranjado pardo con bordes en blanco. N. brasiliensis es patógena para el ser humano y es el agente causal del actinomicetoma. El actinomicetoma es una enfermedad crónica generalmente localizada en las extremidades. Se caracteriza por ser un proceso lento de tumefacción con nódulos, abscesos y fístulas.La Superóxido Dismutasa (SOD) es una enzima reductora polimérica que cataliza la conversión del ión superóxido a peróxido de hidrógeno y oxígeno molecular. La SOD ha sido propuesta como un factor de virulencia de microorganismos patógenos, cuya acción consiste en bloquear los efectores oxidativos del estallido respiratorio iniciado por los fagocítos en el fagolisosoma. Este mecanismo ha sido descrito para bacterias de los géneros Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus y Nocardia. Objetivo: producir y caracterizar la Superóxido Dismutasa A (SODA) de Nocardia brasiliensis en Pichia pastoris. Metodología: se realizó el diseño de primers adicionando secuencias de sitios de corte para las enzimas XhoI y AvrII, así como una cola de histidinas en el extremo 5’ para la amplificación del gen sodA de N. brasiliensis a partir del ADN genómico de Nocardia brasiliensis. El amplicón se clonó en el vector de expresión pPIC9. Se llevó a cabo la transformación por electroporación de levaduras Pichia pastoris GS115. La producción de SOD se llevó a cabo en inducciones de 96 h con metanol como agente inductor. Los sobrenadantes se dializaron con membranas de celulosa. Los dializados se observaron por SDS-PAGE y western blot. Se analizó la actividad funcional de la enzima con el SOD Assay kit de Sigma Aldrich. Resultados: Por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa se obtuvo una secuencia de 625 pb correspondiente al gen sodA. El fragmento se ligó al vector de expresión pPIC9 y fue caracterizado con las enzimas de restricción XhoI y AvrII. Las cepas trasformadas de P. pastoris GS115 se caracterizaron con el gen aox1 obteniendo cepas Mut+ y Muts. Los análisis por SDSPAGE mostraron bandas no observadas en el control negativo de expresión mientras en los western blot solo una de las clonas mostró señal. Los análisis de actividad funcional sugieren inhibición de la reacción enzimática infiriendo presencia de la proteína SOD en el medio dializado. Conclusiones: Se logró la construcción del sistema de expresión Pichia pastoris con el casete de expresión de la SOD de N. brasiliensis. Así como la generación de cepas Mut+y Muts. En los ensayos de actividad funcional se observó inhibición de la reacción enzimática.

Antifungal activity of extracts from Atacama Desert fungi against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and identification of Aspergillus felis as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds

Fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides are responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis. The occurrence of drug toxicity and relapse in this disease justify the development of new antifungal agents. Compounds extracted from fungal extract have showing antifungal activity. Extracts of 78 fungi isolated from rocks of the Atacama Desert were tested in a microdilution assay against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18. Approximately 18% (5) of the extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ≤ 125.0 μg/mL. Among these, extract from the fungus UFMGCB 8030 demonstrated the best results, with an MIC of 15.6 μg/mL. This isolate was identified as Aspergillus felis (by macro and micromorphologies, and internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and ribosomal polymerase II gene analyses) and was grown in five different culture media and extracted with various solvents to optimise its antifungal activity. Potato dextrose agar culture and dichloromethane extraction resulted in an MIC of 1.9 μg/mL against P. brasiliensis and did not show cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested in normal mammalian cell (Vero). This extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using analytical C18RP-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an antifungal assay using P. brasiliensis. Analysis of the active fractions by HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry allowed us to identify the antifungal agents present in the A. felis extracts cytochalasins. These results reveal the potential of A. felis as a producer of bioactive compounds with antifungal activity.

Evaluación de la palatabilidad de Eugenia myrtifolia, justicia carnea y monstera deliciosa con potencial para la alimentación de marimonda (Ateles fusciceps robustus), en la fundación zoológico Santacruz, Cundinamarca

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia, 2013

El papel de la angiogénesis en la patogenia del actinomicetoma por nocardia brasiliensis

Objetivo: Investigar el papel de la angiogénesis durante el desarrollo del actinomicetoma y sobre el actinomicetoma establecido en un modelo experimental. Material y métodos: se determinó si el fenofibrato inhibe el crecimiento de la bacteria mediante la técnica de microdilución en placa. Se administró una suspensión de fenofibrato vía orogástrica cada 24 h durante el establecimiento del actinomicetoma y sobre el actinomicetoma establecido en ratones BALB/c infectados con la cepa N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1 (ATCC 700358). El tratamiento en ambos casos tuvo una duración de 45 días, tiempo en el que se evaluaron las diferencias en inflamación y la evolución clínica de las lesiones, empleando un vernier y la ecuación elipsoidea. También se realizó el análisis histológico en el sitio de la infección mediante tinciones con hematoxilina y eosina. El proceso de angiogénesis fue evaluado a diferentes tiempos en la administración del tratamiento mediante inmunohistoquímica, buscando como marcadores de vasos sanguíneos las moléculas VEGF, eNOS, y LYVE-1, este último como un marcador indirecto del proceso angiogénico. Resultados: se comprobó que el fenofibrato no inhibe el crecimiento de la bacteria a la concentración correspondiente a EC50 en ratones. Las lesiones características de la enfermedad se desarrollaron en un menor número de ratones que recibieron el tratamiento de fenofibrato, durante el establecimiento del actinomicetoma y sobre el actinomicetoma establecido. Además, se observó una disminución en las medidas de inflamación y en la aparición de lesiones histológicas, así como una disminución en el número de vasos sanguíneos en los sitios de la infección. Conclusiones: La angiogénesis contribuye a la patogenia del actinomicetoma por N. brasiliensis; la disminución de la formación de vasos sanguíneos por el tratamiento con fenofibrato limita el grado de la lesión.

Dendroecology of Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae) in two Atlantic cloud forests in Paraná State, Southern Brazil.

2016

Efeito de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e da adubação no crescimento de mudas de Eugenia uniflora L., produzidas em diferentes substratos.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs), da adubação e da composição do substrato no crescimento de mudas de Eugenia uniflora. As sementes foram germinadas em vermiculita média e repicadas para tubetes (100 cm3) contendo substratos à base de vermicomposto e casca de arroz carbonizada e, como controle, utilizou-se do substrato comercial à base de casca de pínus. Estes substratos foram testados com e sem inoculação micorrízica, adicionada ao substrato, como também se testaram a presença e a ausência de adubação de cobertura. Foram analisadas as propriedades físico-químicas dos substratos formulados. Avaliaram-se a altura, o diâmetro do colo, a agregação das raízes ao substrato, a biomassa seca aérea, a biomassa seca radicial e foram determinados a relação entre altura e diâmetro do colo e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A inoculação com FMAs não influenciou no crescimento das mudas, enquanto a interação entre substratos e adubação foi significativa para a maioria das variáveis. A ausência de resposta aos FMAs foi, provavelmente, devido às altas concentrações de fósforo nestes substratos. Concluiu-se que o substrato à base de vermicomposto e casca de arroz carbonizada, na proporção de 20/80, pode ser utilizado na produção de mudas desta espécie.