999 resultados para Estratégias de flexibilidade


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A presente dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa em que se discute como determinadas jovens escolares aprendem estratégias para cuidar do corpo, nos dias de hoje. Utilizo a abordagem da análise cultural, tal como desenvolvida pelos Estudos Culturais e de Gênero, que se aproximam do Pós-Estruturalismo de Michel Foucault, para examinar depoimentos de 18 mulheres jovens entre 13 e 15 anos, estudantes da 8ª série do ensino fundamental e 1º ano do ensino médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CAP/UFRGS). Esses depoimentos foram produzidos no contexto de discussões conduzidas em grupos focais, as quais foram gravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas para análise. Exploro as falas das jovens tomando como base os conceitos de cultura, discurso, gênero e poder, com o propósito de analisar os diferentes modos pelos quais o cuidado com o corpo é significado. Discuto quais são as práticas que as jovens privilegiam quando cuidam do corpo, que discursos se articulam para configurar tais práticas e, finalmente, como o gênero institui e atravessa as relações de poder/saber no âmbito destas formações discursivas. As análises desenvolvidas permitem-me dizer que determinados atributos como a forma física e a aparência que ela revela são elevados a marcadores sociais importantes na classificação e na hierarquização dos estilos de vida contemporâneos. As estratégias para cuidar do corpo estão relacionadas com os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, científicos ou mercadológicos que procuram lhes dar sentido. Além disso, as aprendizagens parecem resultar de investimentos num conjunto de estratégias direcionadas às mulheres (principalmente). Dessa forma, tais aprendizagens configuram, cada vez mais cedo um jeito específico de cuidado e controle destes corpos, relacionados à alimentação, às dietas, aos exercícios físicos e ao vestuário. A relevância das análises dos depoimentos em torno das questões do cuidado pode ser percebida nas muitas hesitações demonstradas pelas jovens nesses depoimentos. Em particular, quando pensam em cuidar do corpo - entre o fazer e o não fazer, entre o prazer e o risco. Problematizações como essas são interessantes na medida em que desestabilizam a unidimensionalidade dos processos de se tornar mulheres e homens jovens. Sugiro, ainda, que pensar nas transformações no cuidado é problematizar o que se espera que seja cuidado, o modo de cuidar e, principalmente, o que efetivamente é objeto de cuidado. Enfim, a discussão da temática do cuidado permite pensar a mudança em nós mesmos na nossa sociedade.

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This work is analyzing the challenges which the National Petrol Agency is facing to regulate the Petrol industry in Brazil after the Monopoly crash in the period between 1997 until 2005. Due to the necessities of adaptation of its political strategies to the rules which determine the international economic flows, Brazil was forced to use the Economic Regulation in order to control the market. The regulation established in Brazil is not indifferent to imperfect markets. Thus can be find a conflict of interests among companies, the government and consumers within this process of regulation. The established agency does not have enough autonomy for administrating a regulation. The State with its paternalism power does not allow the agency to fulfill its function for which it was established, even though its function was established by law. A regulating policy which is clearly defined will establish a strong and independent agency with a clear limitation of its competences, avoiding divergent interpretation which prioritizes investments and promotes economic development. The agency will have the challenge to regulate the companies that enter the sector, allowing the opening of the market for new initiatives of investments which contribute to the welfare of the country and breaking at the same time the monopoly that is lead by Petrobras since 1953. Combining a stable set of rules with agility in order to adapt to changes will provide the regulator with a great decision-making power. The flexibility in the regulation will improve the correcting of the rules that were set in the beginning, being more efficient, which are based on acquired experience and achieved results. The structure of the agency and the flexibility of the regulation should be orientated on the promotion of competition in order to achieve economic and social development.

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The developed democracies only have results or crystallise, when the exercise of the government policies has two dimensions: the first one, is the dimension of the government decisions making: in which, the governor accomplishes the priorities and orientations submitted to the population by electoral decisions. Then the second dimension, is the functionality of the State: capable to transform policies into convergent actions for accomplishment of the negotiated results. The consolidation of the democracy and the consequent increase of the social demand by decisions and public and government lawsuits, able to generate results that attend collectively the different levels of the society and able to aggregate and articulate additional values to their interests, imposes to the public sector administration, great challenges of public policies. Nowadays, the indispensable condition to guarantee a minimum governmental benchmark, it to overcome these challenges, in the plan of the public administration, demanded for the promotion of the economic development, in the democratic scope, to reach the politician-institutional values of the society. However, It is undeniable, the universality of the challenges of public administration that consequently, are the effects of modern administrative systems. To attempt the best result, the mast satisfy the attributes of speed, flexibility, integration and innovation, amongst others. The diffusion of guided doctrines of public management by results is reflecting in the institutionalization of new types of bureaucratic activities and amongst this context, it is distinguished as a basic importance of what we call Performance Audit. This work intends to describe how the control organs and especially the Accounts Court of the Union, the sensitive demands of the society, and attending to new constitutional order, they are structuring itself to face the new organizational and institutional challenges, in consequence of the gradual redefinition of your task, more and more liable uncertainties, current of the intimate nature of the performance audit, in development, face the traditional audit, which characterizes them in general. Therefore, the main goal of this these, is the analysis of the organizational challenges and consequently ,the lawsuits changes of the organizational structures faced in general by the Brazilian¿s Accounts Courts, which we believe, will help to elaborate paths of propulsive evaluating and restrictive elements to the innovations that are intended to introduce the systems of necessary control in the evaluation of government programs.

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If urban planning is to support the equitable distribution of public goods and services, it must recognize and address the dismal condition of millions of poor people who are living in a city. The primary focus of contemporary planners and planning students should be on finding and advocating solutions that help eliminate the problems of today¿s cities. Any meaningful solution will need to be grounded in a thorough understanding of the social class inequities of citizens. With the rapid development of national economy and urbanization process in Brazil over the last two decades, the number of vehicles and their travels are dramatically increased. This is particularly evident in all large cities. Traffic congestion becomes more and more severe. Inadequate parking facilities often result in difficulty to find a parking space in large cities and many illegally parked vehicles can be seen on the crowed streets. These illegally parked vehicles further intensify traffic congestion and also pose a traffic safety hazard. The process of urbanization and motorization in Brazil is likely to continue in a rapid pace. The urban public passengers transport modes problems in large cities are likely to get even worse. There is an urgent need for the development of policy and criteria for public service of urban public passenger transport by bus in large cities. The purpose of survey is to develop policy guidelines for public transport services planning, design, construction and mobility management, that meet community needs for accessibility in large cities. So this thesis will present major comparative characteristics of urban mobility management, urban public passengers transport by bus services planning and the quality of social life in two towns of Brazil: Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. The study case has been focused on Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba because of the major different results of the survey presented by the two cities. The objectives of this thesis are: a) to analyze and discus existing urban mobility related accessibility and economic development problems in large cities; b) to provide an overview of the relationship within city ¿ quality of social life ¿ urban mobility in Rio and Curitiba; c) to analyze and discuss existing urban mobility management related public transport services in Rio and Curitiba; d) to analyze and discuss existing quality of bus public transport services problems in Rio. Some preliminary recommendations for mobility management policies will also be presented.

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A presente dissertação tem por objetivo identificar - por meio do estudo de caso da implantação do PRC - Programa de Racionalização e Competitividade na Caixa Econômica Federal - se existem padrões de respostas e soluções organizacionais que possam ensejar um modelo básico de inovação e mudança organizacional tipicamente brasileiro. Considerando que o turbulento ambiente empresarial brasileiro desenvolveu empresas altamente adaptáveis às provocações ambientais por meio de diversos modelos de gestão de mudança organizacional, o presente estudo num primeiro momento faz uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Em seguida, descreve o contexto e os diversos modelos de gestão experimentados pela CAIXA, no período de 1989 a 1998, visando registrar e sistematizar informações que poderão permitir que se vislumbre, ao longo do tempo, traços comuns que possam caracterizar esse típico modelo de inovação e mudança organizacional brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos da pesquisa de campo, respaldados pelo exame bibliográfico, permitiu concluir que o processo de mudança experimentado pela organização em virtude da implementação do programa foi despertado tanto por variáveis do contexto interno quanto do contexto externo, com semelhante intensidade. Adicionalmente, pode-se concluir que houve mais facilidade da organização em lidar com as perspectivas estratégica, estrutural e humana, e mais dificuldade em lidar com as perspectivas tecnológica, cultural e política. Confirma-se, portanto, que algumas perspectivas do processo de mudança experimentado pela CAIXA denotaram práticas de inovação organizacional e que, entretanto, outras perspectivas não puderam ser reproduzidas de modo confiável, em uma escala significativa a custos razoáveis.

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Este estudo tem por objetivo examinar o processo de internacionalização da Brahma. uma empresa brasileira, em um ambiente especifico, denominado MERCOSUL, assim como também outros espaços na América Latina; sob uma perspectiva econômico-comportamental. que pode condicionar a tomada de decisão de internacionalização e a opção do modo de entrada da empresa no mercado externo. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o estudo de caso. Devido à natureza exploratória do estudo, a abordagem de coleta de dados foi a entrevista em profundidade, dada a escassez de outras fontes confiáveis a que se pudesse recorrer. Os resultados propiciaram uma avaliação das proposições estudadas na literatura, permitindo a confimlação de algumas já existentes e abrindo caminho para pesquisas futuras no processo de internacionalização.

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Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o fenômeno das organizações que se articulam em rede com a finalidade de aliar interesses em comum, ou resolver um problema complexo, ou ainda ampliar o raio de alcance de suas ações. Nesse sentido, as organizações que se articulam em rede reconhecem, primeiramente, que não podem alcançar determinados objetivos de forma isolada e necessitam conciliar seus recursos com os de outras organizações, como, por exemplo, financiamentos, informações, conhecimento, ou até mesmo, status, experiência ou legitimidade. Os tipos de rede variam, principalmente, de acordo com o nível de autonomia dos atores que a compõem e com a natureza da relação de interdependência que estabelecem entre si, resultando numa arena permeada por confrontos de opinião, compartilhamento de projetos e um longo processo de construção de relações de confiança. No campo de estudo da administração, as redes correspondem a um novo fenômeno organizacional que traduz a complexidade dos empreendimentos contemporâneos, se utiliza da flexibilidade proporcionada pelas tecnologias de comunicação e incorpora os estilos de gestão que buscam maior participação e compromisso das pessoas envolvidas. Em contraposição ao modelo de organização burocrática, a rede pressupõe uma disposição horizontal dos atores, sejam indivíduos ou instituições, baseada em relações mais simétricas do que hierárquicas, mais cooperativas do que competitivas e mais dinâmicas do que normativas, exigindo novos parâmetros para a coordenação das ações. Esse trabalho busca sistematizar as diferentes perspectivas teóricas, conceitos e idéias relacionados ao tema das redes, com ênfase em modelos de gestão orientados à ação pública, na qual é fundamental conciliar a democratização do processo decisório à efetividade dos empreendimentos, em outras palavras, a racionalidade dialógica é racionalidade instrumental e, nesse sentido, expressam os principais desafios na gestão de redes. No primeiro capítulo se analisa o contexto que propicia a formação das redes, identificando as tendências na gestão de empresas e a reforma na gestão pública, os obstáculos na relação entre estado e sociedade e os desafios da constituição de redes para a superação destes. O capítulo seguinte apresenta o referencial teórico de redes, define os conceitos utilizados no trabalho e discute os aspectos fundamentais da gestão de redes. O último capítulo apresenta a pesquisa empírica, na qual é utilizado o método de estudo de caso, com a finalidade de investigar a dinâmica organizacional e o modelo de gestão de uma rede considerada um caso revelador: o Comitê das Entidades Públicas no Combate à Fome e pela Vida, que atua no Brasil, em âmbito nacional, e atualmente articula mais de 700 organizações.

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The objective of this study is to identify how a health institution can minimize the emotional impacts caused by the change of a style of classic management for a participative administration, that the workers and controllers can see the institution as a dynamic organization, that must be faced as an alive system, mobile and adaptable, where they is beings that have the right to react and to answer to the stimulatons. For that, the institution can handle motivator¿s instruments that develop in the people the potential to react of adequate way to the changes proposals, as well as increasing the perspective of possible technological improvements and interpersonal relationship between the internal and external customers. To change the style to manage, to hear the staff of support and user, are not part of the routine of the heads that develop classic management. This decision demands adaptation and flexibility, study, update and psychological preparation, to face common feelings to the new. It fits to the new directors, to visualize these feelings and work to minimize, avoiding future upheavals and the confrontation of situations that can harm the production of the company, as well as the quality of the communication between the diverse dimensions of the organization people. In this study case, based in phenomenological methodology, was possible to verify, through half-open interviews and comments, how was faced the feelings caused at the old direction time, composed for military who withheld the power and determined the actions of the hospital in study, was replaced by health professionals, that saw in the work team the best option to solve the problems and the potential to carry through an administration based in adequate strategies the reality of the moment, with the objective of reaching the satisfaction of the customer. Through this work, is possible to prove the theory that the changes cause impacts that affect the behavior of the people involved and cause stress, as well as conclude that despite the new direction show themselves, during the change, much made use to make right and involve all the workers, didn¿t have traced strategies to minimize the emotional impacts caused by the changes, what made all face their feelings of doubts and anxiety without no special care. Many obtained, by themselves, to face and to adapt the new proposals, but some could not assimilate the new administrative methodology and had been moved away definitively from the institution.

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Este trabalho investigou a implementação de Estratégias de Internacionalização de Empresas instaladas na Região de Curitiba com o objetivo de descobrir como diferentes empresas aumentam seu envolvimento fora de sua base. Para responder a esta questão, considerou-se a literatura sobre Estratégia Empresarial, Processos de Internacionalização de Empresas e Aprendizagem Organizacional, de fonna a construir hipótese orientadora para a pesquisa. Investigou-se a existência de Processos de Aprendizagem Organizacional sustentando o Processo de Internacionalização das Empresas. A pesquisa de campo utilizou o método qualitativo, observacional, tendo a entrevista como ferramenta, identificando as trajetórias de internacionalização das empresas. Em cada uma destas, buscou projetos cujas taxas de crescimento do seu comprometimento com o ambiente externo fossem altas. Explorou as soluções adotadas para as dificuldades geradas pelas incertezas encontradas na implementação desses projetos, com o objetivo de verificar a presença de Processos de Aprendizagem Organizacional. Como resultado da investigação em sete empresas diferentes, com estratégias diferentes, em diferentes estágios de internacionalização, com projetos de naturezas diversas, este estudo concluiu pela existência de um fenômeno comum: em cem por cento das empresas pesquisadas, as altas taxas de crescimento de seu envolvimento fora de suas bases, foram sustentados por uma acentuada dinâmica de Aprendizagem Organizacional. Esta constatação resgata os conceitos da Universidade de Uppsala e introduz a abordagem sistêmica da Aprendizagem Organizacional no estudo do Processo de Internacionalização de Empresas, proporcionando explicação para as Born Global e para a internacionalização através dos network.

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The high degree of flexibility has been pointed as one of the outstanding characteristics of the Brazilian job market. Employability is being a frequent discussion issue among the professionals of the human resources area. The Human Capital Theory and the contemporary discussion concerning Employability argue the relationship of the educational practice and of the production practice in a capitalist economical-social structure as a whole. The education consequences in the individuals' life are reflected in several ways, direct and indirectly. Our objective is to evaluate, with statistics methods, and in that universe of consequences, the explanatory events of the relationships between education-wage and education¿job. The main reason of this work is to evaluate the relationship between education, wage and Employability from a structural model perspective, seeking to compare and to contrast two effective theories: the one from the human capital and other from the Employability. To make this analysis, a database of individuals that are working at the formal work market in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area, had been used. The results showed the education importance on the wage level, as well as, on the Employability factor, whose values and highest taxes correspond to the individuals graduated on the university.

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The objective of this dissertation is to explore and deeply study the concepts about Glocal Marketing, explaining this recent phenomenon, highlighting the importance and the influence of local culture on the marketing mix of global organizations, in order to have successful commercialization of their products and services in different markets. Searching for a better understanding of Glocal Marketing became extremely important in the XXI Century, since there is an increase in the number of global companies which want to explore new markets in order to survive and remain in the highly competitive market. Concepts of Globalization, Marketing, Glocal Marketing, Culture are defined and explored. Also, the influence of culture on consumer behavior and on the marketing mix of global organizations is analyzed. The Hofstede¿s cultural typology is explained and it is used to give the reader an overview and a better understanding about the cultural influence in the acceptance of new products in new markets. The relationship between culture and marketing mix is discussed, as well as the importance of standardization versus customization of the marketing mix among countries with high cultural differences. The methodology is composed by descriptive research and a case study about a global organization, the Coca-Cola Company. Therefore, this dissertation aims to show and exemplify how the Coca-Cola Company applies glocal strategies on its marketing mix as a way to establish a competitive advantage in the market.

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O atual ambiente competitivo, onde baixo custo, alta qualidade e um grau crescente de customização são exigências para a sobrevivência das empresas, tem influenciado as ações dos profissionais de manutenção com vistas ao aprimoramento das políticas de manutenção. Como resultado, tem-se na área de manutenção industrial, uma grande quantidade de métodos, software, modelos e ferramentas de gestão disponíveis. Dentre eles, dois métodos se destacam: o RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance ou Manutenção Centrada em Confiabilidade), de origem norte-americana, e a TPM (Total Productive Maintenance ou Manutenção Produtiva Total), de origem japonesa. A TPM promove a integração total entre homem, máquina e empresa, onde a manutenção dos meios de produção passa a constituir uma responsabilidade de todos. A utilização da TPM contempla a implementação de pilares de sustentação, sendo um deles, a manutenção planejada. Entretanto, a TPM não especifica a estratégia a ser adotada pela manutenção planejada. O RCM é uma metodologia lógica de procedimentos que objetiva estabelecer uma manutenção preditiva e preventiva para alcançar, de maneira efetiva e eficiente, os níveis de segurança e confiabilidade requeridas para cada equipamento. Considerando um ambiente com a TPM já implementada, o objetivo deste trabalho é a melhoria do pilar Manutenção Planejada da TPM através da utilização do RCM para nortear as estratégias de manutenção em empresas industriais. A sistemática proposta é ilustrada através de um estudo de caso na indústria de conformação de metais.

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This study evaluates how the interaction among organizations located in Vila do Abraão, in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, has contributed to the sustainability of this locality. An analysis of the island¿s local problems showed that firms informality and solid waste management practices were bringing damaging consequences to the island, and that this local productive arrangement (APL) has been able to collectively find solutions to such issues. These solutions basically encompassed: a) choosing estrategies the lead to a self-sustained model and not traditional way dependent on tax benefits; b) recognizing that the solutions to these problems involved the common action of public and private sectors and the civil society, and that various artifices should be used to establish such cooperation; c) the presence of actors outside the APL who played an important role in overcoming the problems of the cluster; d) using transparent legal instruments that defined the rights and obligations of each party and e) tripartite social entrepreneurship actions through NGOs to help solve problems common to the whole island.

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With the improvement of the international trade on the last decades, the Brazilian firms are searching to operate beyond the national borders in order to guarantee its presence on the key markets. The dissertation aimed to analyze the motivations and the strategies of internationalization implemented by the firms: Petrobras, Vale, Embraer, Gerdau and Marcopolo as well as determine the existence of a dominant strategy. In order to do that, Dunning¿s eclectic paradigm and the strategies of internationalization supported by him were revised along with the main literature from Brazilian authors on the internationalization process of the selected firms. The comparative analysis between the strategies of internationalization selected and the industrial sector, origin of capital and the preferred mode of entrance on the markets were done through an exploratory research, with a qualitative character and collection of secondary data from the internationalization process of the firms. At the end of this research, it was possible to identify that each firm had adopted a predominant strategy however it was also possible to observe that new strategies were aggregated in complementation of the previous one. Besides that, no evidence was found between the predominant strategy of internationalization and the origin of the capital neither with the preferred mode of entrance.

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The aim of this research was to detect how strategy changes took place in a successful organization. This was an unique case study focused on O BOTICÁRIO, a cosmetic and perfumery company in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Some information (from primary data) was obtained through interviewing members of the retail development department. Extra information was taken from articles about the company and interviews with members of the board of directors published in newspapers and magazines. The analysis was carried out in an explanatory-descriptive way, with a qualitative approach. The data, other than serving to characterize the company, was used for a number of purposes. They were: to introduce information about strategy changes in the company; to identify factors that gave rise to these changes; to identify the effects of these changes on the organization; to classify the strategy changes. The data revealed that the company is highly receptive to changes. Amongst the factors that caused strategy changes the following two factors stand out: the flexibility that the company presents in adapting to environmental variations and, overall, the interdependency that exists between changes. Confirming the systemic character of organizations, it was found that the changes lead to new changes. When qualifying the strategy changes, it was discovered that the incremental changes were more related to process evolution, i.e., comprehending transformations directly related to the activities to which the changes are associated with. The discontinuous changes, on the contrary, involved transformations throughout the whole company. Of all the changes that were analyzed only two were considered to be truly strategy revolutions. This confirms the idea that organizations usually choose to search for established strategic paths. The strategy changes analyzed produced a resistance level. This resistance was directly proportional to the level of discontinuance that the change had. It was verified, however, that all changes were considered beneficial to the company. The study concludes that other factors are also responsible for the fast expansion of the company. The most important of these are: the constant lauching of new products; the identification of the company with environmental issues; the policy towards employees; the strong marketing strategy; the quality of its products; the excellence on its services; the treatment of consumers; the use of franchise shops; the training provided to all the franchise network and as well as to the employees; and the seek to hire the best professionals to supervise its services. However, it can¿t be omitted that particular cause of O BOTICÁRIO¿s success is the intuition and the feeling of its President.