European elections: from ‘second-order’ elections to ‘first-order supranational’ elections: How can a ‘first-order supranational’ European election be created?. European Policy Brief No. 35, April 2015

Starting from the idea that European elections cannot be considered as purely second order elections, the author gathers some proposals in order to encourage a more effective electoral process. According to the author, if political leaders adopt these reforms, it could transform gradually the European elections into genuine ‘first-order supranational elections’.

Information Guide: Elections in Europe

A guide to information sources on elections that have taken place in European countries in 2015, with hyperlinks to further sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites

Austria’s thrilling elections will have far-reaching impact on political developments in the EU. EPIN Commentary No. 32, May 2016

After a passionate two-day election, Alexander Van Der Bellen (supported by the Greens) narrowly defeated his far-right wing opponent, Norbert Hofer (Freedom Party of Austria or FPÖ), thereby becoming Austria’s new President (50.3% vs 49.7%). Notably, the ecologist candidate only managed to win thanks to the postal votes counted on the day after the polls closed, whereas anti-EU Hofer was still leading by some 144,000 votes on the previous evening. Such a narrow defeat is likely to have long-term implications for Austrian and European politics.

Sanificazione delle acque di approvvigionamento in PVS Caso di studio: Sori-Kenya

L’elaborato è nato dall’interesse verso un progetto di un impianto di sanificazione delle acque in corso di realizzazione in Kenya. Valutando le differenti realtà di tale sito rispetto alla nostra quotidianità è nata l’esigenza di approfondire preliminarmente le varie tecnologie di approvvigionamento e sanificazione delle acque, più consone per siti in via di sviluppo. Oltre 2.5 miliardi di persone non hanno accesso ai cosiddetti “improved water supply and sanitation”, le fonti idriche migliorate: acquedotti e fognature pubbliche, eventualmente con collegamenti domestici, sorgenti e serbatoi protetti, cisterne per la raccolta delle acque piovane, ecc. Maggior interesse è stata attribuita alla qualità dell’acqua e ai possibili trattamenti di sanificazione. Impianti semplici, economici ed efficaci alla rimozione totale della carica microbiologica sono sicuramente bisogni di base e componenti essenziali di assistenza sanitaria primaria. Dove è possibile le soluzioni ottimali consigliate sono tecnologie a basso costo che sono facili da progettare, costruire e impiegare, e sono costituite da materiali facilmente disponibili nei luoghi dove si applicano. Nel villaggio di Sori, in Kenya, un impianto di ozonizzazione delle acque del Lago Vittoria, con un precedente trattamento di sedimentazione e filtrazione rende disponibili a 16000 abitanti circa 30 l/ab giorno microbiologicamente sana.

The 2015 National Elections in Switzerland: Renewed Polarization and Shift to the Right

The 2015 election to the Swiss Parliament marks a return to an already observed trend that was only interrupted in 2011: a shift to the right and an increase in polarization. The vote share of the nationalist-conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP) has now reached a historical height of 29.4% (+2.8). This note discusses why cantons matter in the Swiss national elections, and to what degree elections have become nationalized. Institutionally, the 26 cantons serve as electoral districts. This leads to a highly disproportional electoral system and has magnified the minor vote shifts to a slightly more pronounced shift in seats, with the right now holding a tiny majority of 101 of 200 seats in the first chamber. The two winners, the SVP and the Liberals, also had most campaign funds at their disposal. They were able to guide an extensive nationwide campaign in which they advocated their core issues instead of candidates. Other parties only advertised at the cantonal level.

Drivers of populism - A four-country comparison of party communication in the run-up to the 2014 European Parliament elections

The aim of this paper is to analyze what different types of populist communication styles emerged during the 2014 EP election campaign and under which conditions political parties selected specific populist communication styles. To do this, a comparative quantitative content analysis of press releases in the run-up of the latest EP elections has been conducted for parties in France, Germany, Austria and Greece. The paper presents a definition of populism based on the contemporary academic discourse, which focuses on the transnational nature of the European political field. It is shown that populist party communication is more pronounced on the fringes of the political spectrum and in countries struggling with severe macroeconomic difficulties. Contrary to intuitive expectations, the perceived populist rhetoric of exclusivity in the context of the European sovereign debt crisis, which is identified as a central feature of right-wing populism, barely takes place within populist party communication.

Survey Research Center National Elections Study

l-r Philip Converse, asst. study director, Warren E. Miller research associate, Angus Campbell, dir.

Survey Research Center National Elections Study

1-r Philip Converse, asst. study director, Warren E. Miller research associate, Angus Campbell, dir.

Survey Research Center National Elections Study

l-r: Philip Converse, asst. study director, Warren E. Miller research associate, Angus Campbell, dir.

Survey Research Center National Elections Study

l-r; Philip Converse, asst. study director, Warren E. Miller research associate, Angus Campbell, dir.

El Salvador's 1985 elections : Legislative Assembly and municipal councils.

Cover title.

CSCE Commission examines: "Africa's Helsinki" : the Conference on Security, Stability, Development, and Cooperation in Africa (CSSDCA) in South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, and Nigeria (Codel Deconcini: August 4 to 19, 1991) /

"October 1991."