South Carolina International Women's Year Conference Records - Accession 101 - M43 (57-58)

The South Carolina International Women's Year Conference Records consist of news releases, membership lists, directives, bibliographies, memorabilia, newspaper clippings, and other records, concerning the SC International Women’s Year Conference held June 10-11, 1977 in Columbia, SC which met to discuss women’s issues.

Dinâmicas empresariais: um olhar antropológico sobre o processo seletivo para trainee Jovens Talentos Natura 2014

The hypothesis that guides this work is: in the scenario posed by the first decade of the XXI century, the private companies act to conciliate their organizational principles, mission (how they want to arrive), vision (where they want to arrive) and values to the principles of its individual members, setting a certain style of corporate culture. That culture would pass by all hierarchical levels of enterprises, promoting the creation of subjective bonds between themselves and their employees in order to create or maintain, through shared values, social conventions that would ensure the certain style of symbolic domination inside and outside the physical and relational enterprises' spaces. I have as general objective, analyze, through a socio-anthropological approach, the dimension of the culture of private companies, how this guides the market practice and, in this sense, I seek to problematize the relationship between the actions of the analyzed companies (Nestle and, more specifically, Natura) and the representations and motivations of their employees. Furthermore, this study aims, specifically, to understand how the vision, the raison of being and the beliefs of Natura configure themselves as important strategic directives for the consolidation of an emotional bond between employees and those who aspire to be part of this organization. For this, I analyzed the Report Natura 2012, the conversations with some company employees and my participation in the selection process for trainee Young Talents Natura 2014

Low-energy electron collisions with glycine

We report cross sections for elastic electron scattering by gas phase glycine (neutral form), obtained with the Schwinger multichannel method. The present results are the first obtained with a new implementation that combines parallelization with OpenMP directives and pseudopotentials. The position of the well known pi* shape resonance ranged from 2.3 eV to 2.8 eV depending on the polarization model and conformer. For the most stable isomer, the present result (2.4 eV) is in fair agreement with electron transmission spectroscopy assignments (1.93 +/- 0.05 eV) and available calculations. Our results also point out a shape resonance around 9.5 eV in the A' symmetry that would be weakly coupled to vibrations of the hydroxyl group. Since electron attachment to a broad and lower lying sigma* orbital located on the OH bond has been suggested the underlying mechanism leading to dissociative electron attachment at low energies, we sought for a shape resonance around similar to 4 eV. Though we obtained cross sections with the target molecule at the equilibrium geometry and with stretched OH bond lengths, least-squares fits to the calculated eigenphase sums did not point out signatures of this anion state (though, in principle, it could be hidden in the large background). The low energy (similar to 1 eV) integral cross section strongly scales as the bond length is stretched, and this could indicate a virtual state pole, since dipole supported bound states are not expected at the geometries addressed here. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3687345]

Association between education in EOL care and variability in EOL practice: a survey of ICU physicians

This study investigated the association between physician education in EOL and variability in EOL practice, as well as the differences between beliefs and practices regarding EOL in the ICU. Physicians from 11 ICUs at a university hospital completed a survey presenting a patient in a vegetative state with no family or advance directives. Questions addressed approaches to EOL care, as well physicians' personal, professional and EOL educational characteristics. The response rate was 89%, with 105 questionnaires analyzed. Mean age was 38 +/- A 8 years, with a mean of 14 +/- A 7 years since graduation. Physicians who did not apply do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were less likely to have attended EOL classes than those who applied written DNR orders [0/7 vs. 31/47, OR = 0.549 (0.356-0.848), P = 0.001]. Physicians who involved nurses in the decision-making process were more likely to be ICU specialists [17/22 vs. 46/83, OR = 4.1959 (1.271-13.845), P = 0.013] than physicians who made such decisions among themselves or referred to ethical or judicial committees. Physicians who would apply "full code" had less often read about EOL [3/22 vs. 11/20, OR = 0.0939 (0.012-0.710), P = 0.012] and had less interest in discussing EOL [17/22 vs. 20/20, OR = 0.210 (0.122-0.361), P < 0.001], than physicians who would withdraw life-sustaining therapies. Forty-four percent of respondents would not do what they believed was best for their patient, with 98% of them believing a less aggressive attitude preferable. Legal concerns were the leading cause for this dichotomy. Physician education about EOL is associated with variability in EOL decisions in the ICU. Moreover, actual practice may differ from what physicians believe is best for the patient.

ENSINO DE ENFERMAGEM EM CENTRO CIRÚRGICO: TRANSFORMAÇÕES DA DISCIPLINA NA ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM DA USP (BRASIL)

Este artigo tem por objetivos apresentar uma síntese da evolução do conteúdo de bloco cirúrgico na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP) e uma reflexão sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem (DCN). O estudo se desenvolveu a partir de um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da enfermagem em centro cirúrgico na prática profissional e sua inserção no currículo de graduação da EEUSP. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais têm seu mérito ao assegurar às instituições de ensino superior a liberdade na composição da carga horária a ser cumprida para a integralização dos currículos e na especificação das unidades de estudo a serem ministradas, porém, as competências e habilidades propostas são inespecíficas. Entendemos que o enfermeiro generalista é aquele que tem oportunidades de aprendizado teórico prático para atuar em todos os cenários de cuidado, área e níveis de atenção em saúde.

Electron Interactions with Disulfide Bridges

Because of its electronic properties, sulfur plays a major role in a variety of metabolic processes and, more in general, in the chemistry of life. In particular, S-S bridges between cysteines are present in the amino acid backbone of proteins. Protein disulfur radical anions may decay following different paths through competing intra and intermolecular routes, including bond cleavage, disproportionation, protein-protein cross linking, and electron transfer. Indeed, mass spectrometry ECD (electron capture dissociation massspectroscopy) studies have shown that capture of low-energy (<0.2 eV) electrons by multiply protonated proteins is followed by dissociation of S-S bonds holding two peptide chains together. In view of the importance of organic sulfur chemistry, we report on electron interactions with disulphide bridges. To study these interactions we used as prototypes the molecules dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S] and dimethyl disulfide [(H3C)S2(CH3)]. We seek to better understand the electron-induced cleavage of the disulfide bond. To explore dissociative processes we performed electron scattering calculations with the Schwinger Multichannel Method with pseudopotentials (SMCPP), recently parallelized with OpenMP directives and optimized with subroutines for linear algebra (BLAS) and LAPACK routines. Elastic cross sections obtained for different S-S bond lengths indicate stabilization of the anion formed by electron attachment to a σ*SS antibonding orbital, such that dissociation would be expected.

Elaboración de un mapa de lixiviación de nitratos mediante una metodología de acople SIG-modelo de simulación : aplicación al acuífero de La Aldea (Gran Canaria)

[ES] La contaminación difusa por nitrato constituye una de las mayores amenazas actuales para la calidad de las aguas subterráneas. De hecho, varias directivas europeas, nacionales y regionales se han legislado con el fin de minimizar el efecto de las prácticas agrarias en la contaminación de los acuíferos por nitratos. El acuífero de La Aldea (Gran Canaria, España) se ha declarado como vulnerable a la contaminación por nitrato según dichas normas. En este estudio se presenta una metodología para desarrollar el acople de un sistema de información geográfica-SIG con el modelo de simulación de nitrato GLEAMS. Esta herramienta permite calcular la cantidad de nitrato lixiviado procedente de los cultivos de tomate bajo invernadero y da la oportunidad de simular otros rangos de fertilización para minimizar el riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas. Se comprueba que la pérdida de nitrato por lixiviación en la zona a partir de dichos cultivos podía llegar a los 500 kg N/ha, casi un 62% del aportado como fertilizante mineral en un manejo tradicional. Por ello, se aconseja la aplicación de las recomendaciones de abonado incluidas en el código de buenas prácticas agrarias de Canarias o cualquier otro sistema de recomendación de abonado mineral para reducir estas pérdidas, minimizando de esta forma el riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas. ABSTRACT: Nitrate diffuse pollution is one of the main risks that affect the groundwater quality. Several european directives, national and regional guidelines have been enacted to protect the aquifers against the effect of the agricultural management practices. The “La Aldea” aquifer was declared nitrate vulnerable area following these laws. In this study a methodology was developed to link a Geographical Information System (GIS) with a nitrogen simulation model (GLEAMS) in this area. This tool allows to assess the amount of nitrate leaching that coming from the traditional nitrogen fertilization rates in greenhouses tomato crops, and gives the opportunity to simulate other fertilization rates to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution. The nitrate leaching reached to 500 kg N/ha in several zones of the study area, that represent the 62% of the nitrogen fertiliser apply in a traditional management. It was recommended the application of the Code of Good Management Practices or other recommendation system to decrease the nitrate leaching, in order to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.

Estudio del impacto de la legislación en la sostenibilidad de la actividad pesquera en Canarias

Máster en Gestión Sostenible de Recursos Pesqueros

The uncertainty in standardised sound power measurements: complying with ISO 17025

In the context of “testing laboratory” one of the most important aspect to deal with is the measurement result. Whenever decisions are based on measurement results, it is important to have some indication of the quality of the results. In every area concerning with noise measurement many standards are available but without an expression of uncertainty, it is impossible to judge whether two results are in compliance or not. ISO/IEC 17025 is an international standard related with the competence of calibration and testing laboratories. It contains the requirements that testing and calibration laboratories have to meet if they wish to demonstrate that they operate to a quality system, are technically competent and are able to generate technically valid results. ISO/IEC 17025 deals specifically with the requirements for the competence of laboratories performing testing and calibration and for the reporting of the results, which may or may not contain opinions and interpretations of the results. The standard requires appropriate methods of analysis to be used for estimating uncertainty of measurement. In this point of view, for a testing laboratory performing sound power measurement according to specific ISO standards and European Directives, the measurement of uncertainties is the most important factor to deal with. Sound power level measurement, according to ISO 3744:1994 , performed with a limited number of microphones distributed over a surface enveloping a source is affected by a certain systematic error and a related standard deviation. Making a comparison of measurement carried out with different microphone arrays is difficult because results are affected by systematic errors and standard deviation that are peculiarities of the number of microphones disposed on the surface, their spatial position and the complexity of the sound field. A statistical approach could give an overview of the difference between sound power level evaluated with different microphone arrays and an evaluation of errors that afflict this kind of measurement. Despite the classical approach that tend to follow the ISO GUM this thesis present a different point of view of the problem related to the comparison of result obtained from different microphone arrays.

Advanced Waste-To-Energy Cycles

The increase in environmental and healthy concerns, combined with the possibility to exploit waste as a valuable energy resource, has led to explore alternative methods for waste final disposal. In this context, the energy conversion of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Waste-To-Energy (WTE) power plant is increasing throughout Europe, both in terms of plants number and capacity, furthered by legislative directives. Due to the heterogeneous nature of waste, some differences with respect to a conventional fossil fuel power plant have to be considered in the energy conversion process. In fact, as a consequence of the well-known corrosion problems, the thermodynamic efficiency of WTE power plants typically ranging in the interval 25% ÷ 30%. The new Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC promotes production of energy from waste introducing an energy efficiency criteria (the so-called “R1 formula”) to evaluate plant recovery status. The aim of the Directive is to drive WTE facilities to maximize energy recovery and utilization of waste heat, in order to substitute energy produced with conventional fossil fuels fired power plants. This calls for novel approaches and possibilities to maximize the conversion of MSW into energy. In particular, the idea of an integrated configuration made up of a WTE and a Gas Turbine (GT) originates, driven by the desire to eliminate or, at least, mitigate limitations affecting the WTE conversion process bounding the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to investigate, from a thermodynamic point of view, the integrated WTE-GT system sharing the steam cycle, sharing the flue gas paths or combining both ways. The carried out analysis investigates and defines the logic governing plants match in terms of steam production and steam turbine power output as function of the thermal powers introduced.

Profili giuridici del coordinamento tra sistemi reddituali nell'Unione Europea

Il coordinamento tra sistemi impositivi è una questione originaria e tipica del diritto comunitario. La tesi ne esplora le conseguenze sotto più aspetti.

La tutela penale ambientale e la nozione di rifiuto fra istanze soprannazionali ed approdi nostrani

Industrial accidents triggered by lightning: causes and consequences

Natural hazards affecting industrial installations could directly or indirectly cause an accident or series of accidents with serious consequences for the environment and for human health. Accidents initiated by a natural hazard or disaster which result in the release of hazardous materials are commonly referred to as Natech (Natural Hazard Triggering a Technological Disaster) accidents. The conditions brought about by these kinds of events are particularly problematic, the presence of the natural event increases the probability of exposition and causes consequences more serious than standard technological accidents. Despite a growing body of research and more stringent regulations for the design and operation of industrial activities, Natech accidents remain a threat. This is partly due to the absence of data and dedicated risk-assessment methodologies and tools. Even the Seveso Directives for the control of risks due to major accident hazards do not include any specific impositions regarding the management of Natech risks in the process industries. Among the few available tools there is the European Standard EN 62305, which addresses generic industrial sites, requiring to take into account the possibility of lightning and to select the appropriate protection measures. Since it is intended for generic industrial installations, this tool set the requirements for the design, the construction and the modification of structures, and is thus mainly oriented towards conventional civil building. A first purpose of this project is to study the effects and the consequences on industrial sites of lightning, which is the most common adverse natural phenomenon in Europe. Lightning is the cause of several industrial accidents initiated by natural causes. The industrial sectors most susceptible to accidents triggered by lightning is the petrochemical one, due to the presence of atmospheric tanks (especially floating roof tanks) containing flammable vapors which could be easily ignited by a lightning strike or by lightning secondary effects (as electrostatic and electromagnetic pulses or ground currents). A second purpose of this work is to implement the procedure proposed by the European Standard on a specific kind of industrial plant, i.e. on a chemical factory, in order to highlight the critical aspects of this implementation. A case-study plant handling flammable liquids was selected. The application of the European Standard allowed to estimate the incidence of lightning activity on the total value of the default release frequency suggested by guidelines for atmospheric storage tanks. Though it has become evident that the European Standard does not introduce any parameters explicitly pointing out the amount of dangerous substances which could be ignited or released. Furthermore the parameters that are proposed to describe the characteristics of the structures potentially subjected to lightning strikes are insufficient to take into account the specific features of different chemical equipment commonly present in chemical plants.

Imposte indirette sul commercio elettronico

In questo lavoro si analizza l’imposizione indiretta nel commercio elettronico; l’analisi si è basata sullo studio della normativa Comunitaria (Direttive Europee ) e la legislazione e Italiana, esponendo anche le differenze con il profilo legislativo brasiliano (softwares e libri).Esposti i contributi delle istituzione internazionali (conferenze ed/o proposte della Unione Europea) per l’inquadramento tipologico e fiscale del commercio elettronico, sono stati analizzati i profili generali dell’istituto della stabile organizzazione ai fini dell’imposizione dell’IVA e al commercio elettronico, distinguendo anche tra le transazioni elettroniche considerabili come cessione di beni e quelle considerabili prestazioni di servizi, in base alla materialità o alla dematerializzazione del bene scambiato. Anche il principio di territorialità nelle prestazioni di servizi è stato analizzato tramite analisi dei regimi ordinario e speciale riguardanti gli operatori extracomunitari.

La cooperazione amministrativa tra stati membri in materia fiscale: verso una amministrazione finanziaria "europea"

L’armonizzazione fiscale è una importante sfida che l’Unione Europea si trova ad affrontare per la completa realizzazione del mercato interno. Le istituzioni comunitarie, tuttavia, non dispongono delle competenze legislative per intervenire direttamente negli ordinamenti tributari degli Stati membri. Svolgendo una analisi del contesto legislativo vigente, ed esaminando le prospettive de iure condendo della materia fiscale dell’Unione, il presente lavoro cerca di comprendere le prospettive di evoluzione del sistema, sia dal punto di vista della normativa fiscale sostanziale, che procedimentale. Mediante la disciplina elaborata a livello comunitario che regola la cooperazione amministrativa in materia fiscale, con particolare riferimento alle direttive relative allo scambio di informazioni e all’assistenza alla riscossione (dir. 2011/16/UE e dir. 2010/24/UE) si permette alle Amministrazioni degli Stati membri di avere accesso ai reciproci ordinamenti giuridici, e conoscerne i meccanismi. L’attuazione di tali norme fa sì che ciascun ordinamento abbia l’opportunità di importare le best practices implementate dagli altri Stati. L’obiettivo sarà quello di migliorare il proprio procedimento amministrativo tributario, da un lato, e di rendere più immediati gli scambi di informazione e la cooperazione alla riscossione, dall’altro. L’armonizzazione fiscale all’interno dell’Unione verrebbe perseguita, anziché mediante un intervento a livello europeo, attraverso un coordinamento “dal basso” degli ordinamenti fiscali, realizzato attraverso l’attività di cooperazione delle amministrazioni che opereranno su un substrato di regole condivise. La maggiore apertura delle amministrazioni fiscali dei Paesi membri e la maggiore spontaneità degli scambi di informazioni, ha una efficacia deterrente di fenomeni di evasione e di sottrazione di imposta posti in essere al fine di avvantaggiarsi delle differenze dei sistemi impositivi dei vari paesi. Nel lungo periodo ciò porterà verosimilmente, gli Stati membri a livellare i sistemi impositivi, dal momento che i medesimi non avranno più interesse ad utilizzare la leva fiscale per generare una concorrenza tra gli ordinamenti.