Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av humorns betydelse i psykiatrisk omvårdnad - En intervjustudie

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan förväntas arbeta med patientens bästa i fokus och hon möter många allvarliga situationer där själva existensen står på spel och där sjuksköterskan behöver härbärgera starka känslor hos patienter och deras närstående, men också upprätthålla sin egen integritet och känslomässiga balans. Humor har visats vara ett kraftfullt men tveeggat verktyg i kommunikation och relationsbyggande. Inom psykiatrin kan detta verktyg förmodas behöva hanteras med särskilt kunskap och omsorg. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan i psykiatrisk omvårdnad ser på humor som företeelse och hennes upplevelse av positiva respektive negativa effekter av att använda humor. Metod: Undersökningen utfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fem sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk omvårdnad. Resultat: Humor sågs som ett viktigt verktyg inom psykiatrisk omvårdnad som det krävdes lyhördhet, respekt, fingertoppskänsla och timing för att kunna använda. Den huvudsakliga strategin för att använda humor var öppenhet för spontant humor i mötet men det gavs även exempel på medvetna interventioner. Humor öppnade möjligheter att få se verkligheten från nya perspektiv vilket var verksamt för att förändra negativa tankar samt lätta på ångest och negativa känslor. Humor underlättade kommunikation och kunde användas för att jämna ut maktbalanser. Det fanns risk för negativa effekter om humor användes för att trycka ner andra eller som verklighetsflykt. Psykiatriska patienter uppfattades som mer sårbara och medvetenhet om hur svåra psykiska sjukdomar påverkar förmågan att uppfatta och uppskatta humor var viktig även om ett allmänt bra bemötande ansågs vara grundläggande. Slutsats: Positiva former av humor som används på ett respektfullt och inkännande sätt kan vara är ett viktigt verktyg i omvårdnaden för att möjliggöra nya perspektiv på tillvaron, ge lättnad i ångest, minska negativa känslor och tankar samt höja livskvaliteten för både patienter och personal i en verksamhet med mycket allvar.

Omvårdnad av patienter som vårdas enligt lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård (LPT) inom psykiatrisk slutenvård: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter : En kvalitativ intervjustudie

Bakgrund: All sjukvård i Sverige styrs av Hälso-och sjukvårdslagen [HSL]. Under vissa omständigheter kan denna lag behövas kompletteras med Lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård [LPT]. Dessa personer vårdas inom psykiatrisk slutenvård. Omvårdnadens syfte är att patienten samtycker till vården och tvångsvården kan över gå till frivillig vård. Dessa personers problematik är dock ofta komplex och omvårdnaden upplevs innebära många svårigheter för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och upplevelse av omvårdnad i samband med LPT-vård inom sluten psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Empirisk kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design. Studien baseras på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor. Dessa analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att en förutsättning för att uppnå målet med tvångsvården genom omvårdnad var att skapa en allians med patienten. Kommunikation som innefattade individuellt anpassad information var en nyckelfaktor till alliansskapande. Omvårdnadsarbetet innefattade samverkan och sjuksköterskorna upplevde ett behov av kompetensutveckling. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplever att omvårdnad enligt LPT är en utmaning och sammankopplat med flertalet svårigheter. Erhålls kompetens, tid för reflektion och trygghet i arbetsgruppen ses dock inte omvårdnaden som en omöjlighet utan kan upplevas som positivt för både den som vårdar och för den som vårdas.

Rapports différenciés aux médias entre trois générations de femmes réfugiées au Québec

Cette thèse présente l’analyse des propos de trois générations de femmes réfugiées au Québec sur les manières dont ces femmes s’exposent, s’identifient et s’approprient le discours des médias pour ensuite en discuter entre elles. L’analyse permet de cerner certaines de leurs pratiques d’insertion et d’adaptation à un nouveau milieu de vie. L’immigration favorise de plus en plus l’éclosion des « cultures de la mixité », lesquelles représentent un enjeu incontournable en matière d’intégration. Quant aux médias, ils sont une source incontournable d’accès à l’information et à la culture. Le développement des techniques de transmission telles les réseaux câblés, le satellite de diffusion directe, Internet et le numérique permet au consommateur de médias, quel que soit son origine, de s’approprier de façon personnelle les produits culturels qui en retour déterminent la participation à la vie active dans la société hôte. Cette nouvelle intégration culturelle se transmet-elle aisément au sein des générations d’immigrantes? Cette thèse découle aussi d’un projet plus vaste sur les transmissions intergénérationnelles des savoirs, des pratiques et de l’entraide entre trois générations de femmes réfugiées au Québec (Vatz Laroussi, Guilbert & al. CRSH, 2009-2012). Étudier les transmissions de savoirs au sein des familles immigrantes, c’est reconnaitre avec les auteurs contemporains l’importance de la transmission et de la circulation des histoires personnelles s’inscrivant dans une histoire familiale et sociale de l’époque a méthodologie adoptée s’appuie sur les entretiens semi-directifs, le commentaire réflexif ainsi que l’analyse de contenu. La démarche méthodologique a été empruntée au projet principal. Les entretiens réalisés auprès des familles de réfugiés établis dans plusieurs régions du Québec (Sherbrooke, Joliette, Québec et Montréal) ont été réalisés par une équipe pluridisciplinaire, multiculturelle et féminine. L’originalité de cette recherche se trouve entre autres dans la collecte d’information qui s’est faite auprès de trios générationnels (grand-mère, mère et fille). Chaque membre du trio a été rencontré de façon individuelle et par la suite, le trio s’est formé pour une dernière entrevue de groupe. Ainsi, une analyse thématique des discours des répondants a été réalisée. Cette analyse a permis de mettre en perspective divers éléments proéminents relatifs à la relation entre les médias et chaque membre du trio générationnel. Il a été constaté que les médias sont appréhendés différemment par chaque membre du trio, que des médias comme la télévision et l’Internet sont les plus prisés par les jeunes et ils servent à la fois de fenêtre sur le pays d’accueil, d’ouverture sur le monde et d’expression de soi-même face aux frustrations vécues au Québec. En dernier lieu, une analyse de la question de la transmission intergénérationnelle au prisme des médias entre les trois générations de femme réfugiée a été faite. On constate que dans les trios, la transmission n’est pas unidirectionnelle. Elle va dans tous les sens. Sortant des sentiers battus elle devient un espace de création.

Comunicação interna em empreendimento hoteleiro: um enfoque gerencial

Globalization, which increased the market to a position of competition and change never before experienced, also imposed a series of changes that have transformed the social systems, organizations increasingly complex. In this scenario, communication has received attention from modern managers. Research indicates that some sectors of activity, more than others, rely on communication as a tool for achieving their goals. The tourism sector, located in the service segment is configured as one of these activities, which the hotel is part of the composite product. With the intention to acknowledge these aspects in this study sought to analyze the characteristics of internal communication in a hotel project in the managerial perspective. To try to answer this purpose we constructed a framework based on authors that discuss organizational communication, internal communication and hotel businesses. For the purpose of research was chosen a unit of study to assess the views of managers regarding the issue. In the unit studied was sought to apprehend these meanings through interviews with a group of managers in the organization and analysis of documents. Data were analyzed through content analysis of Bardin (1977), with the technique of categorical analysis, as it sought to capture aspects that allow the description of the contents of the messages. The results pointed to an organizational reality based heavily on orality, who lives constantly with noise and using communication to regulate behavior. With little or no reflection on managerial communication inferred that subordinates should not absorb the message completely, a phenomenon that can not be responsible for the complete fulfillment thereof. Moreover, it was realized that the organization studied did not plan your communication, since, yet the views as a strategic tool to achieve your goals

Teacher’s Conceptions of Caring and Protective Teaching Elements in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement Schools

The purpose of this study is to find out what conceptions Rwamwanja refugee settlement teachers have about caring teaching methods. The study was conducted by analysing the data gathered from semi-structured interviews. Twelve teachers were interviewed in four different refugee settlement schools. The main theory of this study is based on ethics of care research by Nel Noddings. In addition, the framework was developed by combining the theories of resilience and psychosocial support which are often employed in research concerning emergency contexts. This study uses qualitative content analysis to describe the conceptions of caring teachers have and protective teaching elements they employ. The results of this study show that many of the key elements of caring and protective teaching were present in teacher’s answers. For example, in their answers, the majority of the teachers pointed out the significance of using soft discipline. However, many teaching elements considered ideal in emergency contexts were missing. These missing methods include routines and flexibility which are considered essential for vulnerable children. The teachers’ levels of conceptual thinking varied remarkably depending on their language skills. The communication was limited to very basic and concrete language in some of the interviews due to lack of mutual understanding. This also raised a question about the level of understanding between refugee pupils and teachers since there is no strong common language between them. The results of this research call for further studies about the effect of caring teaching elements in growth of resilience in refugee children. Keywords: The ethics of care, resilience, psychosocial support, education in emergencies, refugees, education, protection.

Comunicação pública e marketing político na gestão pública municipal

Based on the definitions of Public Communication, Political Marketing, Public Interest Information and Communication as a Tool of Governance, the study notes the use of the news section of the websites of the City Christmas and Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, in regard to strengthening citizenship and encouraging participatory management, from the characterization of materials like pieces of Political Marketing and Public Communication. Data collection in qualitative research was conducted from August to September 2011 and content analysis showed that the appropriation of public property for personal use is a reality, despite legal requirements to the detriment of strategic communication and governance for results from the dissemination of information of public interest and the establishment of a communication channel between State Government and Society. Elements of this study suggest the need for further research to deepen the discussion

Sistemas de gerenciamento de bibliotecas: riscos decorrentes do processo de migração de dados

This work aims to analyze risks related to information technology (IT) in procedures related to data migration. This is done considering ALEPH, Integrated Libray System (ILS) that migrated data to the Library Module present in the software called Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Atividades Acadêmicas (SIGAA) at the Zila Mamede Central Library at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) in Natal/Brazil. The methodological procedure used was of a qualitative exploratory research with the realization of case study at the referred library in order to better understand this phenomenon. Data collection was able once there was use of a semi-structured interview that was applied with (11) subjects that are employed at the library as well as in the Technology Superintendence at UFRN. In order to examine data Content analysis as well as thematic review process was performed. After data migration the results of the interview were then linked to both analysis units and their system register with category correspondence. The main risks detected were: data destruction; data loss; data bank communication failure; user response delay; data inconsistency and duplicity. These elements point out implication and generate disorders that affect external and internal system users and lead to stress, work duplicity and hassles. Thus, some measures were taken related to risk management such as adequate planning, central management support, and pilot test simulations. For the advantages it has reduced of: risk, occurrence of problems and possible unforeseen costs, and allows achieving organizational objectives, among other. It is inferred therefore that the risks present in data bank conversion in libraries exist and some are predictable, however, it is seen that librarians do not know or ignore and are not very worried in the identification risks in data bank conversion, their acknowledge would minimize or even extinguish them. Another important aspect to consider is the existence of few empirical research that deal specifically with this subject and thus presenting the new of new approaches in order to promote better understanding of the matter in the corporate environment of the information units

O modelo de gestão estratégica do Ministério Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte: a análise da implantação do Balanced Scorecard

The goal of this research was to analyze the model of strategic management of the MPRN concerning the methodological guidelines presented by Balanced Scorecard. It is based in a theoretical referential which contemplates the themes, new public management, strategic management and Balanced Scorecard, focusing on applying the methodology in the public sector. This research is classified as descriptive and exploratory. According to the methods applied, it is a case study and, according to its approach, it is qualitative. The subjects of this research are members of the institution involved in the process of its strategic management. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and document analysis, done by means of method content analysis. Concerning the goal of this research, it points out that the MPRN has not concluded the implantation cycle of Balanced Scorecard, furthermore, important flaws in the steps of organizational alingment have been identified, specially when it refers to communication policy, implementing incentive actions and focused training in developing competences. It yet reveals that the implantation of BSC has allowed the introduction of changes in the Institution dynamics to seek better results, however the MPRN has faced and has not adequately gotten over the same difficulties reported in various cases of BSC implantation in public organizations

Autoavaliação institucional na dimensão do SINAES comunicação com a sociedade : estudo de múltiplos casos em instituições de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Norte

This study is about the institutional self-evaluation in Dimension 4, "Communication with Society", from the National System of Higher Education Evaluation SINAES, mandatory for all universities in Brazil. A multiple cases study was conducted with three institutions from Rio Grande do Norte, and the goal was to know how this evaluation is made, describing the concept for the evaluation of communication proposed by them, identifying controllers or emancipator aspects, categorizing methodological procedures and discussing the difficulties reported in the communication evaluation process. Coordinators of the institutions Evaluating Committees were interviewed and data categorized by means of qualitative content analysis. It was noted characteristics of the current controller, emancipator and hybrid designs in the three institutions for evaluation of communication, revealing the lack of a theoretical corpus that transits in accordance with the systemic perspective and epistemology of complexity from SINAES. It was found that the most frequently reported difficulties in the evaluation processes of communication are in the preparation stage, especially in the definition of indicators and tools and awareness work. The weakness in planning makes their own activities in the sector of communication become targets of assessment, forming goals poorly related with broader organizational goals. It was also concluded that the technical evaluation cannot override the issues associated with the broader issue of the complexity surrounding the assessment paradigm proposed by SINAES because contradictions and imperfections are part of the evaluation process and several references are current in the literature to support this view. Finally, it is said that objectives such as transparency and behavioral changes can rely on methodologies and techniques for research on the question of the construction of meaning

Using assistive robots to promote inclusive education

Purpose: This paper describes the development and test of physical and virtual integrated augmentative manipulation and communication assistive technologies (IAMCATs) that enable children with motor and speech impairments to manipulate educational items by controlling a robot with a gripper, while communicating through a speech generating device. Method: Nine children with disabilities, nine regular and nine special education teachers participated in the study. Teachers adapted academic activities so they could also be performed by the children with disabilities using the IAMCAT. An inductive content analysis of the teachers’ interviews before and after the intervention was performed. Results: Teachers considered the IAMCAT to be a useful resource that can be integrated into the regular class dynamics respecting their curricular planning. It had a positive impact on children with disabilities and on the educational community. However, teachers pointed out the difficulties in managing the class, even with another adult present, due to the extra time required by children with disabilities to complete the activities. Conclusions: The developed assistive technologies enable children with disabilities to participate in academic activities but full inclusion would require another adult in class and strategies to deal with the additional time required by children to complete the activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION - Integrated augmentative manipulation and communication assistive technologies are useful resources to promote the participation of children with motor and speech impairments in classroom activities. - Virtual tools, running on a computer screen, may be easier to use but further research is needed in order to evaluate its effectiveness when compared to physical tools. - Full participation of children with motor and speech impairments in academic activities using these technologies requires another adult in class and adequate strategies to manage the extra time the child with disabilities may require to complete the activities.

Can You Hear the Eco? : A Study of How Swedish Municipalities Can Market their CSR-Activities

Background: In an increasingly globalised world, municipalities more than ever have to compete with each other. Thus, the need to create a brand image has become vital for municipalities. Place branding is the tool that has enabled municipalities to create a brand image in order to attract stakeholders such as potential visitors, residents and businesses. The sustainability phenomenon Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has recently become an attractive factor within place branding. Although, the concept of CSR is most commonly implemented within the private sector, CSR initiatives within the public sector are recognised as an integral part. Therefore, the issue of how municipalities can market and communicate their CSR-actives has arisen.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to explore how Swedish municipalities can market their CSR-activities, in order to gain competitive advantages as attractive cities. In further details, this research focuses on how municipalities can use place branding to market their CSR-activities and how they can communicate this to current and potential stakeholders. Method: In order to fulfil this purpose, an interpretivist methodology was adopted with an abductive approach. In regard to this, an exploratory design was developed. More specifically, it was conducted with a mixed method, using a quantitative content analysis and qualitative indepth interviews with knowledgeable experts within CSR from the most relevant departments in the municipalities. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the use of place branding can help municipalities with a sustainable profile to gain competitive advantages. Furthermore, it became apparent that the use of place branding strategies, such as slogan, logotypes, events and cooperation with stakeholders, could enhance the brand image of municipalities and enable them to attract potential stakeholders. In regards to the communication channels, the findings suggest municipalities to communicate their CSR-activities through websites, social media, press conferences, seminars and events.

Enhancing business English terminology through concept mapping

Given the need of a growing internationalization of business, to have a good command of English is, most of the times important for the development of technical (specific) competences. It is, thus, critical that professionals use accurate terminology to set grounds for a well-succeeded communication. Furthermore, business communication is increasingly moving to ICT-mediated sets and professionals have to be able to promptly adjust to these needs, resorting to trustworthy online information sources, but also using technologies that better serve their business purposes. In this scenario, the main objective of this study is to find evidence as to the utility of concept mapping as a teaching and learning strategy for the appropriation of business English terminology, enabling students to use English more efficiently as language of communication in business context. This study was based on a case study methodology, mainly of exploratory nature. Participants were students (n= 30) enrolled in the subject English Applied to Management II at Águeda School of Technology and Management – University of Aveiro (2013/14 edition). They were asked to create and peer review two concept maps (cmaps), one individually and another in pairs. The data gathered were treated and analysed resorting qualitative (content analysis) and to quantitative (descriptive statistical analysis) techniques. Results of the data analysis unveil that the use of a collaborative concept mapping tool promotes the development of linguistic competences as to the use of business terminology, but also of communication and collaboration competences. Besides, it was also a very important motivation element in the students’ engagement with the subject content.

The promotion of digital inclusion through MOOC design and use: a literature review

The use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is being increasingly equated as a viable option by several educational shareholders in the scope of many scientific areas; nevertheless, research as to its potentialities in terms of digital (and consequently social) inclusion is still sparse and somehow atomised. Thus, this paper aims at putting forward the results of a thorough literature review focussed on the studies that bring together the concepts of MOOC and digital inclusion, published between January 2014 and January 2015. Thus, the main goal was to find out if there is evidence that MOOCS can be an important means for embracing digital inclusion, in particular, by promoting the development of soft skills (e.g., digital skills, communication skills, interaction skills). First and because the concept is becoming more and more polysemic (due to its manifold uses, theoretical frameworks, and application contexts), the MOOC’s main facets are depicted, considering its derivatives (e.g., cMOOC and xMOOC). Moreover, some critical aspects that stand out from the content analysis of the results of the literature review are also highlighted, namely as to: accessibility, employability and lifelong learning promoted through MOOC use. In general, results suggest that there is still a long way to go for MOOCs to fully address the digital inclusion challenge.

Narrative transportation in global brand content

People understand life and events around them through narratives. Narratives are a new way for marketers to convey messages to consumers about their brands and products. Brand narratives are an effective way to reach out to people due to their influential nature. Narratives have a power to change beliefs and attitudes, making them relevant and interesting for any marketer. The power of narratives has to do with narrative transportation, which narratives can trigger in people. A transported person is more likely to perceive brand or product in a more positive light. The creators of the narrative are able to influence the content of the narrative through message factors that work as antecedents for narrative transportation. This study explored narrative transportation qualities of well established advertisements. The study uses qualitative content analysis to analyze and identify narrative transportation antecedents among Cannes Lion grand prix winners in the film category between years 2005 to 2015 (15 in total). The narrative transportation antecedents are identifiable characters, imaginable plot and verisimilitude, which were used in the analysis of the data. The study analyzes the winners to make judgment on whether they can trigger narrative transportation or not. It was found that the Cannes Lion grand prix winner advertisement mostly had identifiable narratives in them. In most of the advertisement (ten out of fifteen) at least two out of three antecedents were found, thus most of them are able to trigger narrative transportation. The study also found that most narratives in the advertisement were able to be linked to the main brand narrative of the advertiser. In four of the advertisements the link to the brand narrative was not able to be established. The study concludes by discussing certain factors and aspects of the advertisements that were identified to further enhance the narrative transportation qualities of the advertisement.

O perfil do idoso apresentado na telenovela brasileira: implicações para enfermagem

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, norteada pela teoria social e crítica da comunicação de massas. Foi objetivo geral da pesquisa analisar a representação da pessoa idosa na telenovela brasileira. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar o perfil do idoso representado na telenovela; analisar o conteúdo da mensagem veiculada na telenovela por meio do personagem idoso; perceber as implicações da mensagem veiculada na telenovela para a enfermagem. Como fontes documentais foram adotadas duas telenovelas exibidas pela Rede Globo: Passione (2010-2011) e Insensato coração (2011), pois ambas trouxeram no universo de personagens das suas tramas um número de idosos superior ao percentual nacional desse grupo de pessoas. As fontes documentais foram submetidas à técnica da análise de conteúdo. Após assistir as telenovelas obteve-se oito categorias de análise: 1) Relacionamento amoroso; 2) Idoso e trabalho, 3) Saúde fragilizada; 4) Conflitos geracionais; 5) Alvo fácil; 6) exclusão familiar; 7) Conduta duvidosa e 8) Bom relacionamento familiar. Os dados foram analisados em consonância com os pressupostos teoria social e crítica da comunicação de massas e refletidos a partir da práxis da enfermagem. São apresentados dois artigos científicos, onde são enfocadas duas condições distintas de representação do idoso: 1) A imagem dos idosos ativos veiculada na mídia televisiva: implicações para enfermagem; 2) O idoso em situação de fragilidade no contexto da telenovela: um olhar da enfermagem; Conclui-se que a telenovela aborda temas polêmicos presentes no cotidiano do telespectador. Deste modo, a mensagem veiculada na trama pode influenciar tanto o telespectador idoso quanto o seu cuidador nas questões referentes ao cuidado e auto cuidado em saúde, em razão da identificação destes com os personagens da trama. Assim, é importante a enfermagem compreender como as informações contidas na telenovela são apreendidas pela comunidade, a fim de implementar estratégias que venham a atender as necessidades da população.