Ionic liquid solvents of perhalide type for metals for extraction radioactive metals from mineral ores.

The invention relates to a process for dissolving metals (e.g., Al, Cu, Fe, Cr, Sb, Ti, and W) in perhalide contg. ionic liqs. having the formula (I), and to the extn. of metals from mineral ores; the remediation of materials contaminated with heavy, toxic, or radioactive metals; and to the removal of heavy and toxic metals from hydrocarbon streams. In the formula (I), [X] comprises at least one perhalide anion selected from [I3]-, [BrI2]-, [Br2I]-, [ClI2]-, [ClBr2]-, [BrCl2]-, or [ICl2]-, [ClI3]-. The (Cat+) is a cationic species selected from: ammonium, azaannulenium, azathiazolium, benzimidazolium, benzofuranium, benzotriazolium, borolium, cinnolinium, diazabicyclodecenium, diazabicyclononenium, diazabicyclo- undecenium, dithiazolium, furanium, guanidinium, imidazolium, indazolium, indolinium, indolium, morpholinium, oxaborolium, oxaphospholium, oxazinium, oxazolium, iso-oxazolium, oxathiazolium, pentazolium, phospholium, phosphonium, phthalazinium, piperazinium, piperidinium, pyranium, pyrazinium, pyrazolium, pyridazinium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium, pyrrolidinium, pyrrolium, quinazolinium, quinolinium, isoquinolinium, quinoxalinium, selenozolium, sulfonium, tetrazolium, iso-thiadiazolium, thiazinium, thiazolium, thiophenium, thiuronium, triazadecenium, triazinium, triazolium, iso-triazolium, and uronium. [on SciFinder(R)]

Performance of sustainable SCC mixes with mineral additions for use in precast concrete industry

The aim of this research was to study the impact that different mineral powders have on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in order to obtain relations that make it possible to optimize their dosages for being used in precast concrete applications. Different combinations and contents of cement, mineral additions (active and inert), superplasticizers, and aggregates are considered. A new approach for determining the saturation point of superplasticizers is introduced. The fresh state performance was assessed by means of the following tests: slump flow, V-funnel, and J-ring. Concrete compressive strength values at different ages up to 56 days have been retained as representative of the materials’ performance in its hardened state. All these properties have been correlated with SCC proportioning. As a result, a number of recommendations for the precast concrete industry arise to design more stable SCC mixes with a reduced carbon footprint.

Organo-mineral complexation alters carbon and nitrogen cycling in stream microbial assemblages

Inland waters are of global biogeochemical importance receiving carbon inputs of ~ 4.8 Pg C y^-1. Of this 12 % is buried, 18 % transported to the oceans, and 70 % supports aquatic secondary production. However, the mechanisms that determine the fate of organic matter (OM) in these systems are poorly defined. One important aspect is the formation of organo-mineral complexes in aquatic systems and their potential as a route for OM transport and burial vs. their use potential as organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources. Organo-mineral particles form by sorption of dissolved OM to freshly eroded mineral surfaces and may contribute to ecosystem-scale particulate OM fluxes. We tested the availability of mineral-sorbed OM as a C & N source for streamwater microbial assemblages and streambed biofilms. Organo-mineral particles were constructed in vitro by sorption of ¹³C:¹⁵N-labelled amino acids to hydrated kaolin particles, and microbial degradation of these particles compared with equivalent doses of ¹³C:¹⁵N-labelled free amino acids. Experiments were conducted in 120 ml mesocosms over 7 days using biofilms and streamwater sampled from the Oberer Seebach stream (Austria), tracing assimilation and mineralization of ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels from mineral-sorbed and dissolved amino acids.Here we present data on the effects of organo-mineral sorption upon amino acid mineralization and its C:N stoichiometry. Organo-mineral sorption had a significant effect upon microbial activity, restricting C and N mineralization by both the biofilm and streamwater treatments. Distinct differences in community response were observed, with both dissolved and mineral-stabilized amino acids playing an enhanced role in the metabolism of the streamwater microbial community. Mineral-sorption of amino acids differentially affected C & N mineralization and reduced the C:N ratio of the dissolved amino acid pool. The present study demonstrates that organo-mineral complexes restrict microbial degradation of OM and may, consequently, alter the carbon and nitrogen cycling dynamics within aquatic ecosystems.

Fate of organo-mineral particles in streams: Microbial degradation by streamwater & biofilm assemblages

Inland waters are of global biogeochemical importance. They receive carbon inputs of ~ 4.8 Pg C/ y of which, 12 % is buried, 18 % transported to the oceans, and 70 % supports aquatic secondary production. However, the mechanisms that determine the fate of organic matter (OM) in these systems are poorly defined. One aspect of this is the formation of organo-mineral complexes in aquatic systems and their potential as a route for OM transport and burial vs. their use as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources within aquatic systems. Organo-mineral particles form by sorption of dissolved OM to freshly eroded mineral surfaces and may contribute to ecosystem-scale particulate OM fluxes. We experimentally tested the availability of mineral-sorbed OM as a C & N source for streamwater microbial assemblages and streambed biofilms. Organo-mineral particles were constructed in vitro by sorption of ¹³C:¹⁵N-labelled amino acids to hydrated kaolin particles, and microbial degradation of these particles compared with equivalent doses of ¹³C:¹⁵N-labelled free amino acids. Experiments were conducted in 120 ml mesocosms over 7 days using biofilms and water sampled from the Oberer Seebach stream (Austria). Each incubation experienced a 16:8 light:dark regime, with metabolism monitored via changes in oxygen concentrations between photoperiods. The relative fate of the organo-mineral particles was quantified by tracing the mineralization of the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels and their incorporation into microbial biomass. Here we present the initial results of ¹³C-label mineralization, incorporation and retention within dissolved organic carbon pool. The results indicate that 514 (± 219) μmol/ mmol of the ¹³:¹⁵N labeled free amino acids were mineralized over the 7-day incubations. By contrast, 186 (± 97) μmol/ mmol of the mineral-sorbed amino acids were mineralized over a similar period. Thus, organo-mineral complexation reduced amino acid mineralization by ~ 60 %, with no differences observed between the streamwater and biofilm assemblages. Throughout the incubations, biofilms were observed to leach dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, within the streamwater assemblage the presence of both organo-mineral particles and kaolin particles was associated with significant DOC removal (-1.7 % and -7.5 % respectively). Consequently, the study demonstrates that mineral and organo-mineral particles can limit the availability of DOC in aquatic systems, providing nucleation sites for flocculation and fresh mineral surfaces, which facilitate OM-sorption. The formation of these organo-mineral particles subsequently restricts microbial OM degradation, potentially altering the transport and facilitating the burial of OM within streams.

Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity.

Metabolism of mineral-sorbed organic matter depends upon microbial lifestyle in fluvial ecosystems

In fluvial ecosystems mineral erosion, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are linked via organo-mineral complexation, where dissolved organic molecules bind to mineral surfaces. Biofilms and suspended aggregates represent major aquatic microbial lifestyles whose relative importance changes predictably through fluvial networks. We tested how organo-mineral sorption affects aquatic microbial metabolism, using organo-mineral particles containing a mix of ¹³C, ¹⁵N-labelled amino acids. We traced ¹³C and ¹⁵N retention within biofilm and suspended aggregate biomass and its mineralisation. Organo-mineral complexation restricted C and N retention within biofilms and aggregates and also their mineralisation. This reduced the efficiency with which biofilms mineralise C and N by 30 % and 6 %. By contrast, organo-minerals reduced the C and N mineralisation efficiency of suspended aggregates by 41 % and 93 %. Our findings show how organo-mineral complexation affects microbial C:N stoichiometry, potentially altering the biogeochemical fate of C and N within fluvial ecosystems.

Availability and transfer to grain of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in a barley agri-system: Impact of biochar, organic and mineral fertilizers

With biochar becoming an emerging soil amendment and a tool to mitigate climate change, there are only a few studies documenting its effects on trace element cycling in agriculture. Zn and Cu are deficient in many human diets, whilst exposures to As, Pb and Cd need to be decreased. Biochar has been shown to affect many of them mainly at a bench or greenhouse scale, but field research is not available. In our experiment we studied the impact of biochar, as well as its interactions with organic (compost and sewage sludge) and mineral fertilisers (NPK and nitrosulfate), on trace element mobility in a Mediterranean agricultural field (east of Madrid, Spain) cropped with barley. At harvesting time, we analysed the soluble fraction, the available fraction (assessed with the diffusive gradients in thin gels technique, DGT) and the concentration of trace elements in barley grain. No treatment was able to significantly increase Zn, Cu or Ni concentration in barley grain, limiting the application for cereal fortification. Biochar helped to reduce Cd and Pb in grain, whereas As concentration slightly increased. Overall biochar amendments demonstrated a potential to decrease Cd uptake in cereals, a substantial pathway of exposure in the Spanish population, whereas mineral fertilisation and sewage sludge increased grain Cd and Pb. In the soil, biochar helped to stabilise Pb and Cd, while marginally increasing As release/mobilisation. Some of the fertilisation practises or treatments increased toxic metals and As solubility in soil, but never to an extent high enough to be considered an environmental risk. Future research may try to fortify Zn, Cu and Ni using other combinations of organic amendments and different parent biomass to produce enriched biochars.

AVALIAR O IMPACTO DAS NOVAS MEDIDAS DE POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA PARA O 1º CICLO DO ENSINO BÁSICO E EDUCAÇÃO DE ADULTOS NA OFERTA LOCAL DOS AMBIENTES DE APRENDIZAGEM (Anos lectivos de 2004-2005 e 2006-2007) O CASO DO CONCELHO DE GAVIÃO

Tendo como principal fio condutor a pergunta de partida (Qual o impacto das novas medidas de política educativa para o 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Educação de Adultos na oferta local dos ambientes de aprendizagem?) procuramos encontrar uma resposta para a problemática na qual se centra esta investigação. A partir desta questão inicial delineámos o corpo da dissertação em duas partes: a primeira referente ao enquadramento teórico e a segunda respeitante ao estudo empírico. No âmbito do enquadramento teórico, procedemos a uma reflexão cruzada entre educação e território, no sentido de perceber as suas potenciais (inter) ligações, bem como à análise de alguns dos normativos que dão suporte legal a esta problemática, finalizando com a apresentação do campo de estudo. Ao nível do estudo empírico, seguimos uma metodologia partilhada (qualitativa/ quantitativa), apoiada essencialmente numa aproximação conceptual ao estudo de caso. Os dados recolhidos, por meio de inquérito por questionários aplicados, permitiram-nos conceber várias leituras do território: Cartografia Institucional do Concelho de Gavião e Cartografia Educacional do Concelho de Gavião referente aos anos lectivos de 2004-2005 e 2006-2007, respectivamente, dado o estudo ter decorrido ao longo de um período de três anos lectivos. Da análise dos dados disponíveis, centramos as nossas conclusões em, pelo menos, duas dimensões totalmente opostas. Por um lado, o novo paradigma de “escola a tempo inteiro” assume, actualmente, neste território um papel preponderante, devolvendo aos ambientes formais de educação uma clara liderança no que concerne à quantidade e diversidade de aprendizagens desenvolvidas; por outro, assistimos a um claro abandono das aprendizagens realizadas em espaços não formais, as quais eram dirigidas quase exclusivamente às faixas etárias mais avançadas, que agora vêm as várias possibilidades de aprender, o que quer que seja, como uma oportunidade cada vez mais distante. Face à problemática em estudo, a nossa dissertação termina com a formulação das sugestões e recomendações que nos parecem mais oportunas.

Prática de Ensino Supervisionada no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico – Matemática e Ciências da Natureza :Utilização de jogos no desenvolvimento do sentido espacial

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Ensino do 1.º ciclo e do 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico.

Gestão de conflitos no espaço educativo: conceções de educadores de infância e professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório de estágio, apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e em Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Orientadoras: Maria João Cardona Correia Antunes e Marta Andreia de Sousa Jacinto Uva

A transição entre a educação de infância e o 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório de estágio, apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de educação de infância e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Do Pré-Escolar ao 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: Experiências e Vivências da Transição

A entrada no 1º ciclo de escolaridade assume-se como um marco significativo na vida e no desenvolvimento de todas as crianças. A forma como este processo, gerador de sentimentos ambivalentes, será experienciado e sentido terá consideráveis impactos sobre transições futuras. Este estudo visa compreender expectativas, vivências e experiências da transição entre o pré-escolar e o 1º ciclo. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas a 12 crianças do pré-escolar e 25 do 1º ano do ensino básico. Foram, posteriormente, construídas as grelhas de análise de conteúdo para analisar os dados, com o auxílio do software QSR NVivo 7. Os sentimentos perante a transição, recolhidos a partir de cartões representativos dos mesmos, foram quantificados. Os resultados evidenciam que os primeiros impactos sentidos com a transição se prenderam com as perdas/ganhos de amizades, a mudança do espaço físico e o importante papel dos pais/encarregados de educação nos primeiros dias de escola. Ambos os grupos de crianças evidenciaram o misto de sentimentos característico do processo em estudo. A entrada na escola pode ser vista como um grande desafio e uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento, devendo-se recorrer, sempre que necessário, a intervenções psicoeducativas adequadas.

Levantamiento de una base de datos para el diagnóstico de fallas en motores de combustión interna ciclo Otto con sistema MPFI mediante el análisis del sensor MAP

En el presente documento se presenta el desarrollo de la creación de una base de datos para el diagnóstico de fallas en los motores de combustión interna MPFI mediante el análisis del sensor MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure), a través del cual se puede determinar y diagnosticar fallas en sensores, actuadores y sistemas auxiliares.

Engenharia Geológica na Universidade de Évora. A experiência dos estágios integrados em empresas no 1º Ciclo – Modelo 3G; Prosseguimento de estudos e integração de alunos no exterior no âmbito do 2º Ciclo.

Resumo Resultado de um investimento em meios humanos e materiais no domínio da Geo-Engenharia, ao longo de quase três décadas, a Universidade de Évora detém hoje um reconhecimento junto dos empregadores que têm acolhido os alunos desta instituição nas suas empresas. Este trabalho destina-se a partilhar a experiência que a Universidade de Évora (UE) acumulou no Ensino e Formação em Geo-Engenharia, em contexto empresarial. O Curso de Licenciatura em Engenharia Geológica da Universidade de Évora (LEG), assim como mais dois cursos da UE são pioneiros em Portugal, na medida em que preveem nos seus planos curriculares a possibilidade de os alunos puderem realizar estágios em contexto de trabalho no âmbito de Unidades Curriculares do 6º Semestre dos respetivos Cursos. No caso do LEG, apôs um período intensivo de quatro a cinco semanas de formação na Universidade, seguem-se três semanas de estágio numa empresa a eleger entre as trinta e duas que até agora aceitaram estabelecer protocolos para este fim. Este processo repete-se duas vezes por semestre. Em alternativa, os alunos que não desejem frequentar estes estágios terão uma formação clássica na Universidade. Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados até agora alcançados com este ensino diferenciado. A adaptação ao modelo de Bologna dos ensinos de 1º e 2º Ciclo resultou num défice de formação curricular indispensável para o pleno exercício da profissão de Engenheiro Geólogo. As competências específicas adquiridas ao fim de cada ciclo foram indicadas pela Ordem dos Engenheiros que contudo ressalva a necessidade de uma formação em Engenharia no 1º Ciclo para reconhecer as competências a atribuir a cada graduado nos mestrados de Engenharia. A experiência de formação no 2º ciclo em Engenharia Geológica, onde sensivelmente metade dos alunos é externa a Universidade de Évora, é alvo de análise neste trabalho. Palavras-Chave: Ensino; Engenharia Geológica; Bolonha; Competências; Empregabilidade Abstract Result of an investment in human and material resources in the field of Geo-Engineering, over nearly three decades, the University of Évora has now a recognition among employers that have accepted students of this institution in their companies. This work intended's to share University of Évora (UE) business context accumulated experiences in Education and Training in Geo-Engineering. The Degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Évora (LEG), as well as two courses in the UE are pioneers in Portugal, to the extent their curricula to possible students internships that can be perform in the workplace under Curricular Units of the 3th Year of the courses. In the case of the LEG, after an intensive period of four to five weeks of training at the University the students who desire it, can have a three weeks internship in a company to elect between the thirty-two that so far agreed to establish protocols with the UE, for this purpose. This process is repeated twice per semester. Alternatively, students who do not wish to attend these stages will have a classical education at the University. In this article, we present the results achieved so far with differentiated teaching. The adaptation to the Bologna model of 1st and 2nd cycles resulted in a lack of training curriculum essential to the full exercise of the Engineer Geologist profession. The specific skills acquired at the end of each cycle were indicated by the Engineers Chamber, however pointed needed training in the 1st Cycle Engineering to recognize the skills to give each graduate in Masters of Engineering. The experience of training in the 2nd cycle in Geological Engineering, where roughly half of the students came outside of the University of Évora, is also analyzed in this work. Keywords: Education, Engineering Geology, Bologna; Skills; Employability