Fusões, aquisições estratégicas, e capacidades tecnológicas inovadoras: evidências da indústria de telecomunicações multinacional

This dissertation studies the innovative technological capabilities available in the merger and acquisitions processes and the relationship between these processes with the technological capabilities accumulation to get convergence of technology and services. This study was examined in fourteen companies of the telecommunications industry during 2002 to 2007. Starting on 1990 there were from one end a profusion of studies on the technological capabilities as source of competitive advantages; from another end there are studies on merger and acquisitions with the objective to evaluate the motivations derived from technological factors and stimulation to the competition and the opening of the market. However few of the empirical studies of long stated period that examine the correlation of these events in the industry of telecommunications under the optics of the technological qualification in the level of the companies and for the strategic perspective of enterprise based on the dynamics abilities. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the contribution of the merger and acquisitions processes for the accumulation of innovative technological capabilities in the studied companies. However the framework was adapted specifically for the industry of Telecommunications. This dissertation also studies the importance of the strategic merger and acquisitions as organizational form in the complementation of technological capability for external sources. Such empirical evidences had been collected from information and data bases published for the own companies who had been examined in this dissertation. Regarding the results, it was found that: 1. In terms of participation with ingress technological capabilities in strategic merger and acquisitions the equipment manufacturers had entered with 71% to 55 of the technological capabilities and the service operator company had entered with 61% to 71 technological capabilities. 2. In terms of implications of the merger and acquisitions for the configuration of resultant technologic capabilities, it was found that the equipment manufacturers had increased 31% the ratio of convergence of technology and the operators of services had increased 4% the ratio for the change in the organizational structure. 3. Regarding the accumulation technological capability to obtain convergence of technology and services was verified the increase these technological capabilities after the merger and acquisitions process in the companies studied. Considering the limitation of this study, the evidences found in this dissertation suggest that the companies use the processes of strategic merger and acquisitions to search for external complementation of their knowledge base to compete in the globalization market. The result demonstrates that this movement has implied in an alteration and accumulation of capability from organization on innovative technological activities regarding the convergence of technology and services.

Estrutura organizacional versus desempenho profissional. Estudo de caso de uma autarquia federal

During the 1980¿s and the 1990¿s, the Brazilian federal government started to set up a new public administration policy called ¿managerial¿ conceived of new patterns of efficiency and effectiveness and extremelly concerned about optimizing state administration to grant best results for people. This decision has been taken due to three main reasons; (i) the worst fiscal crisis considering the last decades; (ii) exhaustion on interfering with Brazilian economy due to its opening to globalization, and (iii) extremelly deep-rooted burocratic methods. The Brazilian state reform presented as a diagnosis of the human resource government area: (i) gradual raising costs in payroll, allied to (ii) huge raising inefficiency in public services, and (iii) civil servants are unprepared to improve better responses to currents citizen demands and to adopt new methods of management based on the best professional performance and the best quality of public services. We have concluded that the federal government often tries to make civil servants redundant instead of adopting a real policy of management that would give them better conditions to improve their performance. This paper presents a concrete proposal to improve quality in civil servants performance by taking advantage of information technology and of our assumed country¿s democratization. We suggest that the Brazilian state reform must be and should be a new path of social growth and development not only in economic basis.

Universidade corporativa: uma reflexão sobre a aprendizagem organizacional e o seu valor para o indivíduo

One of principal goals of this work was to investigate the reasons for the growth of Corporate University in Brazil, therefore, it is concluded that the capacitation is geared towards the improvement of the performance of the organization¿s business; the dissemination of common values in the organization includes customers, suppliers and society; The investment in the trademark of the company uses the network of people committed to the organization; and the development of the innovation¿s culture and the growth within the organization. The other main objective of this study was to identify the perception of the official in relation to the University Petrobras in training and development of the individual and its consequent increase in value. For this, 5 testimonies were collected and a field research was made with the application of a closed questionnaire considering a sample of 43 respondents, which are allocated among the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The research shows that 88 % of the respondents approve the conduction of teaching/learning and consequent enhancement of human potential, in line with the strategic goals of the Company, promoted by Petrobrás Corporate University. Finally, it is concluded that the Corporative University is an institution of education and training of companies that provide several learning alternatives, aligned to organizational strategies, to promote the development not only of their staff, but also of other members of the value chain of the company, as customers, suppliers and partners.

Até que ponto as IEBTs estão cumprindo seu dever de casa? um estudo de caso da incubadora de empresas da PUC - RJ

This study aims at understanding the entrepreneurial process and the capacity of the incubators of promoting the technical training of the entrepreneurs as well as developing projects, turning them into prosperous companies. The bibliography about this topic is recent and it is based on actual cases and experiences. The development of the sector is quite big and has been happening with a certain speed, creating a demand for studies and scientific production. Due to the fact that it is an exploratory research, the chosen method was the case study, from which we aim at obtaining current information, representative of the reality. The universe of this research will be the incubators of companies that have a technological basis, the sample of which being the companies that are in the ¿Gênesis Institute¿, the incubator of companies of PUC-RIO. From the results, it will be possible to see entrepreneurial processes, training of businessmen, technological development and generation of prosperous companies. The theoretical reference presents the concepts of entrepreneurialship and IEBTs.

Gestão pública compartilhada: o caso do programa de melhoria do ensino de ciências e matemática - Pró-ciências

This paper is a follow up of the study of the evolution of the public policies for education, especially in the areas of improvement in the science and mathematics program, whose main purpose is to qualify teachers is these disciplines. The evaluation of strategies adopted by the Department of education for the implementation and development of the program in the states, which, on a decentralized bases and through its administrative structure is responsible for contracting higher Education Institutions in charge of preparatory courses. It discusses the enforcement of such a strategy and analyses the combined efforts between the federal sphere, represented by the coordination of preparatory courses for Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Departments of Education, Science and Technology of the states, Research Spowsoring Foundations and the Federal Universities, breaking with some governmental traditions. It analyses the greater degree of interaction between the curriculum for public schools and the developments achieved in the many fields of knowledge. It is based on parameters in the proposals disposed by the law of the methods and fundamentals education, methods of curriculum, and national teaching standards, as well as studies carried out in the states that demand the biggest quantity of qualifying projects, trough analyses that are focused on the problems regarding science teaching in the Brazil and the format adopted in the implementation of the program.

Emprego industrial no pólo industrial de Manaus na década de 90: expectativas, resultados e possibilidades

A década de 90 representou significativas mudanças no panorama político econômico brasileiro, especificamente no projeto de desenvolvimento regional denominado Zona Franca de Manaus. Esse projeto foi concebido, primordialmente para integrar essa imensa região Amazônica ao restante do Brasil, em termos de complexa ordem geopolítica dominante nos anos 60. A análise que objetiva essa dissertação trata da evolução do emprego industrial no Pólo Industrial de Manaus na década de 90, com a conotação de expectativas, resultados e possibilidades. A implementação do projeto Zona Franca de Manaus, no que concerne seu Pólo Industrial permitiu que contingentes de mão-de-obra abundante na capital do Estado do Amazonas, tivesse a oportunidade de inserir-se no mercado de trabalho do processo de industrialização moderna. Todavia, essa mão-de-obra abundante não estava preparada para o que as indústrias demandavam, sendo necessários intensivos programas de adequação profissional para que possibilitasse o aproveitamento em processos produtivos de linhas de montagem. o Pólo Industrial de Manaus, apesar de todas as mudanças havidas na economia brasileira no período analisado, obteve significativos alcance de competências na capacitação desse contingente de trabalhadores que foram absorvidos, quando o paradigma da intensividade do fator trabalho imperava no Pólo. Entretanto, o processo de mudança que a globalização econômica e industrial provocou no sistema de produção global, trouxe para o modelo industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus acelerada mudança desse paradigma, resultando variações na demanda por mão-de-obra e acarretando significativo desemprego estrutural. É desse contexto de mudanças que trata o estudo apresentado, analisando a evolução das variáveis que influenciaram no nível de emprego industrial e no mercado de trabalho, as expectativas de novos perfis e as demandas específicas que o novo paradigma de capital intensivo, adotado pelas empresas de classe mundial desse Pólo exigem.

Gestão do risco de crédito: análise dos impactos da resolução 2682, do conselho monetário nacional, na transparência do risco da carteira de empréstimo dos bancos comerciais brasileiros

Este trabalho pretende realizar um estudo dos métodos de classificação de risco de crédito e de gestão de carteira de empréstimos constantes da literatura que trata de crédito, e a utilização desses instrumentos pelos bancos brasileiros, bem assim avaliar os impactos que a Resolução 2682, de 21.12.1999, causaram nas demonstrações financeiras dessas instituições. Essa Resolução estabeleceu que, a partir de março/2000, todas as operações de crédito realizadas pelas instituições financeiras deveriam ser classificadas por faixas de risco e que as provisões para perdas inerentes deveriam ser contabilizadas em função dos respectivos graus de risco. o problema objeto de análise se insere em um contexto em que a adoção de ferramentas para avaliação do risco de crédito por parte das instituições financeiras brasileiras vem se intensificando em razão de esse segmento de mercado, cada vez mais competitivo, ter no crédito um instrumento estratégico para alavancagem de receitas. o uso de metodologias para a classificação de risco de crédito e de gestão de carteira tem como premissas proporcionar, às empresas que concedem crédito, melhoria do processo decisório permitindo agilidade, padronização de procedimentos, melhor instrumento para capacitação dos profissionais de crédito e redução de custos, e, ao mercado, a possibilidade de conhecer com mais profundidade os riscos inerentes às carteiras de empréstimos, uma vez que a citada Resolução 2.682 prevê que as instituições financeiras devem detalhar a composição de sua carteira de crédito quando da divulgação de seus demonstrativos financeiros. A hipótese do presente estudo é a de que essa regulamentação contribuiu para que o risco da carteira de crédito passasse a ser melhor evidenciado nas demonstrações contábeis divulgadas pelas instituições financeiras.

Processos de aprendizagem e acumulação de competências tecnológicas na indústria de injeção plástica: o caso da Multibrás da Amazônia S.A.

This resume focus the connection between the learning process and the technological competences evolution. It is based on business case of a plastic injection company named Multibras da Amazonia S/A, that manufacture plastic parts to electro- electronic industry assemblers, the study used the company evolution from 1983 to 2000. Its conclusion allowed to demonstrate, how the theories developed by Figueiredo (2001) can be used to describe the technological competences and the learning process, and on it's scale from 1 to 6 the Multibras case has reached the level 5. Based on the business case, the study confirmed how the technological competences learning process and accumulation is linked to an organizational knowledge. Using the theory basis, but applied to an industry case, different from all the previous studies, this resume shows that it's necessary to have a continuous, organized and integrated effort to generate and develop the knowledge evolution inside the company to make possible the technological competences accumulation on a fast and effective track.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria Mmtal - mecânica : o caso da empresa AGCO comércio e indústria LTDA em Santa Rosa - RS

This dissertation enfoca the relationship between technological competences accumulation and the learning underlying processes. This relationship is examined in the company AGCO Comércio and Indústria Ltda, during the period of 1970 to 2000. It is of a company metal-mechanics, agricultural machines manufacturer. In other words, the dissertation examines the processes technological learning implications for aA technological competences accumulation in the company in study. The dissertation enfoca the competences accumulation for three technological functions: processes and organization, products and equipments. The learning processes are examined to the light of four characteristic: variety, intensity, operation and interaction, from the structure existing analysis use in the literature. Based on study of individual case, this study found that the technological competences ways to accumulation in the studied company are associates to the several processes used to acquire technological knowledge and converts him in organizacional. Ademais, the simple incidence of these processes in the company didn't guarantee in the company a positive implication for the technological competences accumulation. The company accumulated level middleman-superior technological competence (level 6) to accomplish production and function products function processes and organization activities, and intermediary level (level 5) to accomplish function equipments activities. In haves to characteristic key, the learning processes introduce an oscillation differentiated along time: the variety oscillated of moderated the several; the intensity of intermittent the continuous; the operation of bad the good; and the interaction of weak the strong. Through the existing structure use in the literature, however applied to a previous studies different industry, this dissertation suggests that must there be an organized , continuous effort and integrated for the knowledge generation and sowing in every company in order to the technological training accumulation be accelerated in the company.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria de bens de capital: O caso KVAERNER PULPING no Brasil

This dissertation is concerned with the implications of the learning processes for the technological capability accumulation at the firm level. This relationship was examined in Kvaerner Pulping over the period from 1980 to 2000. The firm is located in Curitiba/PR and supplies equipment and complete plants (capital goods) for pulp mills. In other words, based on an individual case study, this dissertation examines how the learning processes influence the building and accumulation of technological capability. The accumulation of technological capabilities is crucial for the survival and the competitive performance of the firms. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the paths (way and speed) of technological capability accumulation in the firm studied. However, the framework was adapted specifically for the capital goods industry for the pulp & paper sector. The paths of technological capability accumulation are analysed for three different technological functions: ¿engineering activities and project management¿, ¿operational processes and practices¿ and ¿process equipment¿. The learning mechanisms were examined in the light of four key features: variety, intensity, functioning and interaction. During the 1980s and 1990s the firm accumulated different levels of technological capability in the technological functions studied. It was only when the firm started to coordinate systematically the efforts to acquire and convert the knowledge from the individual to the organizational level, at the mid 1990s, that the accumulation of technological capability was accelerated. By the end of this decade the firm was able to accumulate innovative capabilities in all the functions analysed. Similarly to previous studies that investigated other types of firms, the conclusion of this dissertation suggests that the way and rate by which the firm accumulates technological capability can be explained by the learning process and its key features over time.

Gestão de Unidades de Conservação: Um Estudo de Caso do Parque Estadual de Vila Velha

Looking for solutions for the preservation of the biological wealth, important for the man's life on earth, the units of conservation were created and they have as objectives the conservation, the accomplishment of scientific researches, the environmental education and the leisure. So that their objectives are reached, their use and administration should be drifted so that their perpetual preservation is guaranteed. it is essential the presence of a determined administration in looking for improvement alternatives, support of the society and important financial resources for their maintenance. The objective of this work is of analyzing, through the case study, the problems faced in the administration of the units of conservation, what take to a deficient administration of the protected areas committing their preservation. Using concepts and beginnings of general domain and bibliographical citations, themes are discussed such as planning, paper of the handling plan, human training, administration responsibility in the units of conservation and the tourism in the units of conservation. After the study of the bibliographical referencial an accompaniment of the problems as was as accomplished faced by the state park of Vila Velha and in the way as it has been administered, well with a relationship among the principal problems faced by the park and for the other units of conservation in the administration of the patrimony of the biodiversity.

A flexibilização organizacional através de sistemas integrados de gestão no setor de serviços

o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto produzido sobre os trabalhadores das organizações através da implantação de sistemas integrados de gestão (ERP) , como instrumento apoiador da flexibilização organizacional. O estudo abrangeu empresas do ramo de serviços que implantaram o sistema ERP da empresa SAP AG, através de questionários e entrevistas realizadas diretamente com os trabalhadores envolvidos. Os principais impactos para os trabalhadores foram: aumento na pressão sobre trabalho, exigência por maior capacitação, redução do nível de supervisão, aumento na qualidade, velocidade e complexidade do trabalho e redução quadro de pessoal. O nível de participação dos trabalhadores foi diversificado mas muito baixo quanto: ao treinamento, ao fluxo de informação ao longo do projeto, à possibilidade de sugerir melhorias e de influir na condução do projeto. Os objetivos planejados com a implantação foram alcançados e os trabalhadores estão satisfeitos com o sistema enquanto novo instrumento de trabalho. A baixa possibilidade de sugerir melhorias ao longo do projeto, aliado com o bom índice de aceitação das sugestões quando elas ocorreram, confirmam a hipótese de que o potencial social das organizações não foi suficientemente considerado inibindo melhorias para as empresas. A redução de pessoal, o baixo nível de participação do trabalhador em passos importantes do projeto e o baixo nível de abertura para sugestões de melhoria apuradas nesse estudo, confirmam a tendência de intensificação do uso da mão-de-obra e do conhecimento do trabalhador em detrimento de sua emancipação como agente ativo e participante da gestão, restringindo assim a efetiva flexibilização organizacional.

Acumulação tecnológica e aprimoramento de performance competitiva: evidências de diferenças e similaridades e médias empresas do setor metal-mecânico no estado do rio de janeiro

The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the implications of technological capacities in the improvement of technical performance indexes, specifically at the company level. These relationships were examined in a small sample of metal-working enterprises in the state of Rio de Janeiro (1960 to 2006). Although diverse studies on technological competences have been carried out in the last twenty years, a gap in empirical studies still exist that correlate the performance of companies in the context of developing countries, especially in Brazil. Aiming to contribute to a reduction of these gaps, this dissertation examines the questions by the light of available models in literature, which opting themselves to using operational indexes of companies. For drawing the accumulation of technological competences in this study, the metric proposal by Figueiredo (2000) shall be used indicating the levels of technological qualification in process, product, and equipment functions. The empirical evidence examined in this dissertation is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were collected, first hand, through extensive field research involving informal interviews, meetings, direct-site observation and document analysis. In relation to the results, the evidence suggests that: - In terms of technological accumulation, a company reached Level 5 of technological capacity in process and organization of production as well as product and equipment. Three companies obtained Level 4 in the function process function while two others had reached the same technological level in the functions of product and equipment. Two companies had reached Level 3 in the product and equipment functions and one remained this level in the function of process; - In terms of the rate of accumulation of technological capacities, the observed companies had reached Level 4 needs 29 years in process function, 32 years in product function and 29 years in equipment function; - In terms of improvement performance pointers, a company which reached Level 5 of technological capacity improved in 70% of its indicators of performance, while the company that had achieved Level 4 had raised its pointers 60% and the other companies had gotten improved in the order of 40%. It was evidenced that the majority of the pointers of the companies with higher levels of technological capacities had obtained better performance. This dissertation contributes to advancing the strategic management of companies in metal-working segment to understanding internal accumulation of technological capacity and indicators of performance especially in the field of empirical context studied. This information offers management examples of how to improve competitive performance through the accumulation of technological capacities in the process, product and equipment functions.

Impacto da incubação de empresas : capacidades de empresas pós-incubadas e empresas não-incubadas

Empresas de base tecnológica (EBT) requerem a existência ou desenvolvimento de capacidades empresariais que determinarão a sustentabilidade do negócio. As incubadoras de empresas têm sido consideradas como um dos meios possíveis para que as EBTs atinjam um nível de desenvolvimento dessas capacidades que podem assegurar, após a incubação, sua permanência e progresso no mercado. Entretanto, é importante determinar se os objetivos para os quais as incubadoras foram criadas estão sendo atingidos e em que grau. O estudo apresenta pesquisa que buscou avaliar impacto do processo de incubação de empresas, medindo o desenvolvimento de capacidades em três dimensões: inovação, solidez financeira e capacidade gerencial. Estas dimensões, foram mensuradas em dezesseis EBTs do setor de informática do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul em dois grupos de empresas com características similares: o grupo de empresas pós-incubadas e o grupo de empresas não-incubadas. O método utilizado é o estudo de múltiplos casos em um desenho quase-experimental. Para a coleta de dados, o principal sócio de cada empresa respondeu a uma entrevista semi-estruturada e a um questionário fechado. A análise dos dados revelou que as empresas pós-incubadas demonstraram ser mais inovadoras e têm gestores melhor capacitados na área gerencial mas, no entanto, possuem menor solidez financeira. Por outro lado, as empresas não-incubadas são menos inovadoras e seus gestores têm menor capacitação gerencial, mas apresentam maior solidez financeira, indicada pela relação favorável entre receita e despesa e uma receita mensal regular. Os resultados deste estudo, com suas limitações de tamanho da amostra, evidenciam que o processo de incubação tem o impacto esperado no desenvolvimento de EBTs.

Um modelo sistêmico de segurança do trabalho

O objetivo geral da tese foi desenvolver um modelo sistêmico de segurança do trabalho (também denominado 5C) com base nos fatores causais e contributivos aos acidentes do trabalho abordados na literatura, na análise macroergonômica do trabalho e no ponto de vista de quem os percebe (fator subjetivo). A revisão de literatura sobre Teorias e Modelos da Causa do Acidente e uma Modelagem para o Gerenciamento de Risco foi a base para a definição dos cinco fatores (5C) da primeira versão do Modelo Sistêmico de Segurança do Trabalho: carga de trabalho, confiabilidade, capacitação, custos e cultura de segurança. O referencial teórico sobre cada fator C, para a definição dos respectivos subfatores e para a concepção da estrutura do modelo que pressupõe hierarquia e permeabilidade entre os fatores 5C e fatores hipotéticos de distância e proximidade. A representação gráfica do modelo seguiu o tipo diagramático e configuração espiral. Os estudos de caso, cuja abordagem e procedimentos metodológicos tiveram como base o método de Análise Macroergonômica Trabalho (AMT) de Guimarães (1998; 2005), viabilizaram a submissão dos (sub)fatores 5C à realidade. Os estudos foram realizados no contexto de trabalho de operadores trens urbanos (Cenário I) e de eletricistas de redes aéreas desenergizadas do sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica (Cenário II), os quais possuem grau de risco três e periculosidade caracterizada por risco de contato ou de exposição a sistema elétrico de potência, permanente ou intermitente A avaliação do modelo seguiu aborgadem híbrida. A avaliação qualitativa consistiu na confrontação dos (sub)fatores 5C prescritos do modelo com os fatores descritos obtidos nos estudos de caso (Cenários I e II). Os resultados promoveram o estabelecimento dos parâmetros qualitativos dos subfatores 5C e, em decorrência, a confirmação dos (sub)fatores 5C do modelo. De outra parte, revelaram demandas de segurança não idênticas, o que era esperado, tendo em vista as características e peculiaridades de cada tarefa/sistema. A avaliação quantitativa foi realizada por meio de questionário elaborado a partir das informações geradas ao longo da pesquisa e testes estatísticos, aplicados sobre uma amostra da população do Cenário I. Os resultados indicaram que todos os (sub)fatores 5C impactam na segurança do trabalho em diferentes níveis (graus de importância) e que a intensidade de cada fator 5C para a ocorrência de acidentes varia em função do tipo de acidente. Verificou-se, também, a existência de correlações entre os fatores 5C, o que confirma a natureza sistêmica do modelo e, em decorrência, a estrutura hieráquica, o pressuposto de permeabilidade e os fatores hipotéticos de distância e proximidade. A versão final do Modelo Sistêmico de Segurançado Trabalho seguiu a primeira versão, acrescida pelos subfatores 5C, relações de constrangimento-resposta, quatro níveis (conceitual, estratégico, tático e operacional) e uma proposta de usabilidade segundo as perspectivas bottom-up e top-down. A validação do modelo implicará na sua aplicação em diferentes contextos de trabalho.