1000 resultados para Banana Industry
Resumo:
The objective of this thesis is to examine the factors that have an impact on the location decision of new manufacturing site and to create the relative order of importance of these factors by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The decision making process especially related to the location selection and the measurement of the location factors are also examined. In theoretical part the character of decision making process and the relevant methods are introduced. Based on the previous studies of other researchers, the location factors are examined and the main research method, analytic hierarchy process, is also introduced. The empirical part of the study mainly follows the phases of decision making process and is emphasized on the main stages of analytic hierarchy process; building the hierarchy, defining the priorities and analyzing the results. The hierarchy is constructed from seven main criteria which all have several sub criteria. The evaluation of the hierarchy is implemented at the group decision making –laboratory and there can be seen significant differences between the importance of criteria. The final stage in the study is to create the appropriate measurement scales to the chosen criteria.
Resumo:
The objective of this study is to create measurement system that is capable to measure performance in basic industry’s service centers. First it is examined what is performance and how it can be measured. The study also introduces commonly known measurement frameworks. After theory the study investigates how companies in the field of basic industry measure their operations in practise. The investigation is done examining three case examples and by analyzing survey results from basic industry companies. On the survey results focus is on what meters and measurement systems companies use. It is also viewed what measurement problems companies have faced. In the applied part of the study harmonized performance measurement system is created. The framework of the measurement system is introduced and measurement system for the target company is created. The target company felt that the harmonized performance measurement system has good potential and continues to develop it further.
Resumo:
Este trabalho objetivou testar a eficiência da hidroterapia e de alguns fungicidas no controle da antracnose causada por Colletotrichum musae e verificar o seu efeito na evolução da cor de frutos de banana (Musa spp.) 'Prata'. Buquês foram atomizados com C. musae (2,5 x 10(6) esporos/ml em água) e imersos 24 h depois em água a 45 ºC, 50 ºC e 53 ºC, durante 0, 10, 15 e 20 min. Outros buquês foram imersos por 3 min nos fungicidas tebuconazole, procloraz, difenoconazole e propiconazole nas doses de 0, 62,5, 100, 125 e 250 mg.l-1. Nos frutos tratados a 45 ºC por 20 min (5, 10 ou 15 min foram ineficientes) a incidência da doença foi de um fruto infetado por buquê. A exposição dos frutos a 50 ºC por 20 min reduziu a área lesionada em 85% e a 53 ºC por 15 e 20 min, os frutos apresentaram uma área lesionada de aproximadamente 3% e 0%, respectivamente. Frutos não tratados apresentavam 53% da área lesionada aos 12 dias de armazenamento. Os fungicidas procloraz em doses de 100, 125 e 250 mg.l-1, e propiconazole a 250 mg.l-1 foram os mais eficientes no controle da doença. Os frutos estavam sadios após 15 dias de armazenamento, enquanto que a testemunha apresentava aproximadamente 60% da área do fruto lesionada. Em armazenamentos de até 12 dias, o fungicida tebuconazole a 250 mg.l-1, procloraz a 62,5 mg.l-1 e propiconazole a 62,5, 100 e 125 mg.l-1 reduziram a área lesionada dos frutos para 1 a 3%. O fungicida difenoconazole foi ineficiente no controle da antracnose.
Resumo:
Em pós-colheita, a podridão dos frutos causada por Colletotrichum musae é a doença mais importante da banana (Musa spp.). Testes in vitro e in vivo foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito fungitóxico do óleo essencial de pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) sobre o patógeno. Nas concentrações acima de 100 µg/ml, o óleo inibiu, em 100%, o crescimento micelial e a germinação dos conídios. No teste in vivo foram usados frutos de banana "Prata", nos quais foram feitos orifícios com vasador de rolhas (0,5 cm de diâmetro) e colocados 20 µl de suspensão de conídios (2 x 10(4) conídios/ml) e, em seguida, aplicados 20 µl de diferentes concentrações do óleo. Os resultados mostraram que o óleo na concentração 1% foi eficaz, sendo capaz de impedir a manifestação de podridões nos frutos de banana.
Resumo:
A Sigatoka-amarela, causada por Mycosphaerella musicola / Pseudocercospora musae, continua sendo um grande problema para a bananicultura brasileira, com o agravante do agente causal apresentar alta variabilidade patogênica entre os isolados do fungo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar um tipo de reação que tem sido observado entre as variedades de banada (Musa spp.) resistentes à Sigatoka-amarela. Os trabalhos vêm sendo conduzidos em condições de telado com inoculação artificial de diferentes isolados de M. musicola sobre um grupo de variedades, composto por Pacovan, Prata Anã, Thap Maeo, Caipira, Grande Naine, Terra e Pioneira. Em inoculações realizadas nessas variedades, envolvendo cerca de 38 isolados de M. musicola, apenas a variedade Terra, não teve seu mecanismo de resistência superado por alguns deles. Parte desses isolados foi também inoculada nos genótipos JV03-15, PV03-44, FHIA-01 e FHIA-18. Observando a reação das variedades Caipira, Thap Maeo, Pioneira, Terra, JV03-15 e PV03-44, resistentes à maioria dos isolados, percebe-se um comportamento muito similar. Em todas elas, a reação pós-inoculação tem mostrado a formação de lesões em forma de pontos ou estrias pouco perceptíveis. A reação apresentada é semelhante a uma resposta hipersensível, havendo formação de lesão local, todavia de visualização tardia. O fenótipo apresentado tem características de uma resposta qualitativa, envolvendo um mecanismo de hipersensibilidade.
Resumo:
The UPM-Kymmene Oyj Pietarsaari pulp and paper Mill biological wastewater treatment plant was built in the 1980's and the plant has been in use ever since. During the past years there have been problems with deviations. The wastewater treatment plant needs update, especially the aeration basin, where the old surface aerators cannot produce enough mixing and indroduce oxygen enough to the wastewater. In this thesis how extra aeration with oxygen affects the wastewater treatment plant effluent was studied. In the literature part the main focus is in aeration devices, which can be used in biological wastewater treatment. The target is to compare different kind of aerators, which are suitable for pulp and paper wastewater treatment. Studies show, that EDI-aerators are commonly used and also most suitable. In the experimental part, the focus is on the Pietarsaari Mills wastewater treatment plant and oxygen aeration during autumn 2008. This thesis presents the results of the trial run. Studies show, that extra oxygen devices can produce lot a of mixing and the oxygenation capacity was more than what the micro-organisms needed. The effect on sludge quality could not been seen during the trial runs.
Resumo:
O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a tolerância de banana (Musa spp.) 'Prata-Anã' (AAB) e do fungo Colletotrichum musae à termoterapia no controle de podridões em pós-colheita. Experimentos in vivo e in vitro foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seguindo um esquema fatorial 4x5 (temperatura x tempo). Os tratamentos consistiram na imersão dos frutos (buquês) e do fungo (esporos e micélio) em água aquecida a 47, 50, 53 e 56 ºC, durante 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 min. A exposição dos frutos a 56 ºC durante 9 min causou escurecimento da casca nas extremidades dos frutos, porém, as características físicas e químicas dos frutos não foram alteradas pelos tratamentos. Frutos inoculados e tratados a 56 ºC durante 6 min não apresentaram podridões nem escurecimento da casca, enquanto aqueles não tratados apresentaram 64% da área lesionada / fruto. A partir das combinações 53 ºC / 9 mi. e 56 ºC / 3 min a germinação de esporos foi reduzida para 4% e 0%, respectivamente. A combinação 56 ºC / 12 min reduziu, mas não paralisou o crescimento micelial. O tratamento 56 ºC / 6 min retardou mas não paralisou o crescimento micelial in vitro, porém foi efetivo no controle completo das podridões in vivo. Esse tratamento evitou a manifestação de podridões no inverno (maio), mas não no verão (novembro), mostrando-se influenciado pelas condições climáticas próximas à colheita dos cachos. A termoterapia pode ser recomendada para controle de podridão em pós-colheita de banana devendo ser ajustada para diferentes estações do ano.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da termoterapia (56 ºC por 6 min) e quimioterapia (propiconazole 250 ml.l-1) associado com temperatura de armazenamento (temperatura ambiente, 18 ºC e 13 ºC) no controle de podridões de bananas (Musa spp.) 'Prata-Anã' (AAB) em pós-colheita. Os tratamentos apresentaram diferenças significativas na percentagem de área lesionada por fruto, perda de peso e coloração externa da casca em todas as temperaturas de armazenamento. A quimioterapia e a combinação termoterapia e quimioterapia evitaram a manifestação de podridões nas três condições de armazenamento, enquanto a termoterapia reduziu a percentagem de área lesionada por fruto de 98% para 11% em temperatura ambiente, de 8% para 7% em 18 ºC e de 10% para 0% em 13 ºC, sendo mais eficiente sob a temperatura de 13 ºC. Frutos não tratados perderam 25%, 10% e 3% de peso e atingiram a cor 7, 5 e 1 em temperatura ambiente, 18 ºC e 13 ºC, respectivamente. Frutos tratados com termoterapia e quimioterapia perderam 24, 11 e 5% e 20, 10 e 3%, e atingiram índice médio de cor 4 e 3,5, respectivamente. O período de conservação foi estendido para 18, 24 e 45 dias em temperatura ambiente, 18 ºC e 13 ºC, respectivamente. A combinação dos métodos evitou a manifestação de podridões, reduziu a perda de peso e manteve a cor da casca e a qualidade dos frutos.
An Overview Of British Automotive Industry: Implications From History and Recommendations for Future
Resumo:
This thesis is a literary research, which aims to uncover reasons for the downfall of automotive industry in the United Kingdom in the late 20th century. First, there is a short review on the history of the industry in the UK and then there are more present cases presented in the form of BMW-Rover and Tata-Jaguar Land Rover. Finally, the thesis suggests some ideas to which the UK should work towards in order to ensure future competitiveness. The automotive industry in the United Kingdom is one of the oldest in the world, but as the end of last millennium was approaching it was not doing too well. Industry that was still flourishing in the mid-century was soon heading down river and by the end of the century all large English car manufacturers had either closed down or were forced under foreign ownership. The thesis suggests possible targets for future prospects from the literary review and from the conclusions made. These are to ensure the continuity of the industry and the competitiveness on an international level. The suggestions are for long term and are mainly focused around research and development of renewable energy forms.
Resumo:
Marine traffic is expected to increase rapidly in the future, both in the Baltic Sea and in the Gulf of Finland. As the number of vessels in the area increases, so does the risk of serious marine accidents. To help prevent such accidents in the future, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has put forth the International Safety Management Code (the ISM Code), which aims to improve the safety of the vessels. The second work package of the Development of maritime safety culture (METKU) project investigates the effects of the ISM Code and potential areas of improvement in maritime safety. The first phase in the work package used a literature review to determine how maritime safety culture could be improved. Continuous improvement, management commitment and personnel empowerment and motivation were found to be essential. In the second phase, shipping companies and administrators were interviewed. It was discovered that especially incident reporting based on continuous improvement was felt to be lacking. This third phase aims to take a closer look at incident reporting and suggest improvements based on the findings. Both the IMO and national legislation encourage shipping companies in incident reporting, and on the national level a shared incident reporting system (ForeSea) is being pushed forward. The objective of this research project was to find out the IMO’s attitude towards incident reporting, to establish a theoretical framework of reference in incident reporting, and to observe how reporting is actually being employed on the seas. Existing incident reporting systems were also researched. The study was carried out using a literature review and the results previously gathered in interviews. The results of phase two were elaborated further for themes relating to incident reporting. According to the findings of this research, the theoretical background of incident reporting dates back to the early 20th century. Although some theories are widely accepted, some have also received criticism. The lack of a concise, shared terminology poses major difficulties in maritime incident reporting and in determining its efficiency. A central finding is the fact that existing incident reporting focuses mostly on information flow away from the ship, whereas the backward information flow is much less planned and monitored. In incident reporting, both nationally and internationally, stakeholders are plenty. The information produced by these parties is scattered, however, and thus not very usable. Based on this research, the centralizing of this information should be made a priority. Traditionally, the success of incident reporting has been determined statistically, from the number of reported incidents. Yet existing reporting systems have not been designed with such statistical analysis in mind, so different methodologies might yield a more comprehensive view. The previous findings of seafarers and management (including shipping companies and administration) having differing views on safety work and safety management were backed up by the results of this study. Seafarers find seamanship and storytelling important, while management wants a more systematic and broad approach on safety matters. The research project was carried out by the Centre for Maritime Studies of the University of Turku, in the Kotka unit (Maritime Logistics Research), with coordination by the Kotka Maritime Research Centre. The major financiers of the project were the European Union and the city of Kotka. The financing authority was the Regional Council of Päijät-Häme. Partners in the project were the shipping companies Finnlines Oyj, Kristina Cruises Oy, Meriaura Oy and VG-Shipping Oy, and the ports of Helsinki, Kotka and Hamina. The partners provided both funding for the project and information for the research.
Resumo:
Previous studies of the local involvement of multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries focus on host-country firms and local business partners such as suppliers and customers. The role of host-country universities in the same context of innovation networks is neglected. Furthermore, there are many organizational culture- and knowledge-related differences between universities and companies, and this is likely to pose additional challenges for successful collaboration. Early university-industry (U-I) studies have primarily been limited within a national boundary, being concerned with a single level of culture (i.e., at an organizational level) and one-way knowledge transfer from university to industry. Research on more dynamic knowledge interaction in multinational settings is lacking. This is particularly true in the business context of China. In today’s globalizing and rapidly changing organizations, addressing cultural differences and clashes is an everyday reality, and inter-cultural U-I collaboration is becoming a key asset for gaining global competitiveness. This study deals with Finnish MNC subsidiaries’ research collaboration with Chinese universities. It aims to explore the essence of such U-I collaboration and knowledge interaction, uncovering the deep functioning mechanisms of culture underlying effective collaborative knowledge creation and innovation. The study reviews critically different bodies of literature including knowledge management theories and studies, U-I collaboration and knowledge interaction, and cross-cultural research in terms of organizational knowledge generation and utilization. It adopts a case study strategy with qualitative research methods, and data is collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The study presents the following major findings: 1. In the light of a comprehensive analysis of U-I collaboration, an effective matching strategy is proposed, in the assumption that good alignment of knowledge interaction strategies and approaches with their corresponding knowledge type, capability development and research task may greatly enhance the effectiveness of cross-cultural U-I collaboration and knowledge interaction. 2. It is proposed that in the Chinese MNC context more dynamic types of knowledge interaction like knowledge co-creation should be of key concern particularly when dealing simultaneously with multi-disciplinary applied research of human factors and technologies. U-I knowledge interaction, otherwise, pays attention only to the study of one-way technology and knowledge transfer. 3. It is posited that the influence of culture on collaborative knowledge interaction can be studied in a valuable way when knowledge-related variables are simultaneously taken into account. A systematic analysis of the role of knowledge in cross-cultural knowledge interaction could best be approached from multi-aspects of knowledge including not only nature, characteristics and types of knowledge but also the process of knowledge (e.g., intensifications of knowledge interaction). 4. The study demonstrates the significant role of aspects of the host-country culture (e.g., Chinese guanxi) in U-I collaboration and knowledge interaction. This is evident, for instance, in issues related to interpersonal relationships and trust, true interest and the relatedness of the research, mutual commitment and learning, communication intensity and interaction, and awareness of cultural and knowledge-related differences between collaboration partners. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are suggested and discussed.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm², enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm². Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa.
Resumo:
A técnica de PCR utilizando-se "primers" degenerados para o gênero Badnavirus foi utilizada para a detecção e análise da variabilidade de seqüências do Banana streak virus (BSV) provenientes de bananeiras. A partir desta metodologia seqüências do vírus puderam ser detectadas em cultivares diplóides (AA), triplóides (AAA; AAB) e tetraplóides (AAAB). Foram encontrados quatro padrões de seqüência do BSV (estirpes BSVBR-1, BSVBR-2, BSVBR-3 e BSVBR-4), diferenciadas através da análise do perfil eletroforético das amostras amplificadas. A estirpe BSVBR-1 prevalece nos estados do Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, e São Paulo, enquanto que, a estirpe BSVBR-2 foi encontrada em amostras oriundas do Amazonas e do Ceará. As estirpes BSVBR-3 e BSVBR-4 foram encontradas apenas no Ceará. Este trabalho revela a presença de diferentes estirpes do BSV no Brasil, bem como a existência de cultivares de bananeiras sadias e livres de seqüências virais do BSV integradas ao seu genoma.
Resumo:
A banana é a segunda fruta mais consumida no mundo, porém do campo até o mercado consumidor algo em torno de 40 % é perdido devido entre outras causas as doenças pós-colheita e a mais significativa é a antracnose. Diante da necessidade do conhecimento de fatores ambientais que condicionam estas perdas, o trabalho objetivou avaliar métodos de inoculação (com discos de BDA e estruturas do patógeno e suspensão de conídios com e sem ferimento) e a influência da temperatura (10,15,20,25 e 30 ºC) e do período de molhamento (0, 12, 24 e 36 h) sobre o desenvolvimento de Colletotrichum musae em banana. As frutas foram inoculadas com 17 isolados de C. musae onde todos mostraram-se patogênicos quando inoculados com ferimento independentemente do tipo de inóculo utilizado. No experimento envolvendo temperatura e período de molhamento, utilizou-se três isolados de C. musae, MAG2, SFV1 e FSA, que se comportaram como mais agressivo, intermediário e pouco agressivo, respectivamente. As temperaturas em torno de 20, 25 e 30 ºC e os períodos de molhamento testados favoreceram um maior desenvolvimento de lesões, sendo as maiores lesões observadas em temperaturas ao redor de 25 e 30 ºC, com redução à medida que ocorria uma diminuição da temperatura para todos os isolados testados. A temperatura em torno de 15 ºC proporcionou o menor desenvolvimento da doença.,