Politics and the Press in Indonesia : Understanding an Evolving Political Culture

This book explores the evolving political culture in Indonesia, by discussing the country's dominant political philosophies, then showing how those philosophies affect the working lives of ordinary Indonesian citizens. It focuses in particular on the working lives of news journalists, a group that occupies a strategic social and political position.

SEM, EDX, infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the silicate mineral yuksporite

The mineral yuksporite (K,Ba)NaCa2(Si,Ti)4O11(F,OH)⋅H2O has been studied using the combination of SEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy shows a single pure phase with cleavage fragment up to 1.0 mm. Chemical analysis gave Si, Al, K, Na and Ti as the as major elements with small amounts of Mn, Ca, Fe and REE. Raman bands are observed at 808, 871, 930, 954, 980 and 1087 cm−1 and are typical bands for a natural zeolite. Intense Raman bands are observed at 514, 643 and 668 cm−1. A very sharp band is observed at 3668 cm−1 and is attributed to the OH stretching vibration of OH units associated with Si and Ti. Raman bands resolved at 3298, 3460, 3562 and 3628 cm−1 are assigned to water stretching vibrations.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral normandite – NaCa(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Ti,Nb,Zr)Si2O7(O,F)2

We have studied the mineral normandite using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral normandite NaCa(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Ti,Nb,Zr)Si2O7(O,F)2 is a crystalline sodium calcium silicate which contains rare earth elements. Chemical analysis shows the mineral contains a range of elements including Na, Mn2+, Ca, Fe2+ and the rare earth element niobium. No Raman bands are observed above 1100 cm−1. The mineral is characterised by Raman bands observed at 724, 748, 782 and 813 cm−1. Infrared bands are broad; nevertheless bands may be resolved at 723, 860, 910, 958, 933, 1057 and 1073 cm−1. Intense Raman bands at 454, 477 and 513 cm−1 are attributed to OSiO bending modes. No Raman bands are observed in the hydroxyl stretching region, but low intensity infrared bands are observed at 3191 and 3450 cm−1. This observation brings into question the true formula of the mineral.

A "Candidate-Interactome" Aggregate Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Data in Multiple Sclerosis

Though difficult, the study of gene-environment interactions in multifactorial diseases is crucial for interpreting the relevance of non-heritable factors and prevents from overlooking genetic associations with small but measurable effects. We propose a "candidate interactome" (i.e. a group of genes whose products are known to physically interact with environmental factors that may be relevant for disease pathogenesis) analysis of genome-wide association data in multiple sclerosis. We looked for statistical enrichment of associations among interactomes that, at the current state of knowledge, may be representative of gene-environment interactions of potential, uncertain or unlikely relevance for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV8-Kaposi sarcoma, H1N1-influenza, JC virus, human innate immunity interactome for type I interferon, autoimmune regulator, vitamin D receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and a panel of proteins targeted by 70 innate immune-modulating viral open reading frames from 30 viral species. Interactomes were either obtained from the literature or were manually curated. The P values of all single nucleotide polymorphism mapping to a given interactome were obtained from the last genome-wide association study of the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium & the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2. The interaction between genotype and Epstein Barr virus emerges as relevant for multiple sclerosis etiology. However, in line with recent data on the coexistence of common and unique strategies used by viruses to perturb the human molecular system, also other viruses have a similar potential, though probably less relevant in epidemiological terms. © 2013 Mechelli et al.

Adjustable stiffness, external fixator for the rat femur osteotomy and segmental bone defect models

The mechanical environment around the healing of broken bone is very important as it determines the way the fracture will heal. Over the past decade there has been great clinical interest in improving bone healing by altering the mechanical environment through the fixation stability around the lesion. One constraint of preclinical animal research in this area is the lack of experimental control over the local mechanical environment within a large segmental defect as well as osteotomies as they heal. In this paper we report on the design and use of an external fixator to study the healing of large segmental bone defects or osteotomies. This device not only allows for controlled axial stiffness on the bone lesion as it heals, but it also enables the change of stiffness during the healing process in vivo. The conducted experiments have shown that the fixators were able to maintain a 5 mm femoral defect gap in rats in vivo during unrestricted cage activity for at least 8 weeks. Likewise, we observed no distortion or infections, including pin infections during the entire healing period. These results demonstrate that our newly developed external fixator was able to achieve reproducible and standardized stabilization, and the alteration of the mechanical environment of in vivo rat large bone defects and various size osteotomies. This confirms that the external fixation device is well suited for preclinical research investigations using a rat model in the field of bone regeneration and repair.

The Phraseology and Structure of Latin Building Inscriptions in Roman North Africa

This study analyses the diction of Latin building inscriptions. Despite its importance, this topic has rarely been discussed before: the most substantial contribution on the subject is a short dissertation by Klaus Gast (1965) that focuses on 100 inscriptions dating mostly from the Republican period. Marietta Horster (2001) also touched upon this theme in her thesis on imperial building inscriptions. I have collected my source material in North Africa because more Latin building inscriptions dating from the Imperial period have survived there than in any other area of the Roman Empire. By means of a thorough and independent survey, I have assembled all relevant African Latin building inscriptions datable to the Roman period (between 146 BC and AD 425), 1002 texts, into a corpus. These inscriptions are all fully edited in Appendix 1; Appendix 2 contains references to earlier editions. To facilitate search operations, both are also available in electronic form. They are downloadable from the address http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/kla/htm/jatkoopinnot.htm. Chapter one is an introduction dealing with the nature of building inscriptions as source material. Chapter two offers a statistical overview of the material. The following main section of the work falls into five chapters, each of which analyses one main part of a building inscription. An average building inscription can be divided into five parts: the starting phrase opens the inscription (a dedication to gods, for example), the subject part identifies the builder, the object part describes the constructed or repaired building, the predicate part records the building activity and the supplement part offers additional information on the project (it can specify the funding, for instance). These chapters are systematic and chronological and their purpose is to register and interpret the phrases used, to analyse reasons for their use and for their popularity among the different groups of builders. Chapter eight, which follows the main section of the work, creates a typology of building inscriptions based on their structure. It also presents the most frequently attested types of building inscriptions. The conclusion describes, on a general level, how the diction of building inscriptions developed during the period of study and how this striking development resulted from socio-economic changes that took place in Romano-African society during Antiquity. This study shows that the phraseology of building inscriptions had a clear correlation both with the type of builder and with the date of carving. Private builders tended to accentuate their participation (especially its financial side) in the project; honouring the emperor received more emphasis in the building inscriptions set up by communities; the texts produced by the army were concise. The chronological development is so clear that it enables stylistic dating. At the beginning of the imperial period the phrases were clear, concrete, formal and stereotyped but by Late Antiquity they have become vague, subjective, flexible, varied and even rhetorically or poetically coloured.

Teaching about deliberative politics: Case studies of classroom–community learning projects in four nations

Theories of deliberative politics position grass-roots community members as more than spectators of politics, and instead recognize their capacity for political engagement by discussing and evaluating options in order to make decisions about issues affecting community life. The processes and products of journalism can assist deliberative politics by providing community members with information resources that are vital for understanding the root causes of problems, weighing up competing claims, forming networks around shared concerns, reaching decisions and undertaking action. This article presents the findings of case studies of four community–classroom projects--one each from Australia, New Zealand, the United States and South Africa--that develop the capacity of journalism students to be effective contributors to deliberative politics. The research points to the importance of learning activities that prepare students to work in diverse communities, map significant community places and structures, identify leaders and stakeholders, engage in respectful dialogue about problems and perspectives, and appreciate community frames and values.

Journalism, media & communication network: Final report 2015

The JoMeC Network project had three key objectives. These were to: 1. Benchmark the pedagogical elements of journalism, media and communication (JoMeC) programs at Australian universities in order to develop a set of minimum academic standards, to be known as Threshold Learning Outcomes (TLOs), which would applicable to the disciplines of Journalism, Communication and/or Media Studies, and Public Relations; 2. Build a learning and teaching network of scholars across the JoMeC disciplines to support collaboration, develop leadership potential among educators, and progress shared priorities; 3. Create an online resources hub to support learning and teaching excellence and foster leadership in learning and teaching in the JoMeC disciplines. In order to benchmark the pedagogical elements of the JoMeC disciplines, the project started with a comprehensive review of the disciplinary settings of journalism, media and communication-related programs within Higher Education in Australia plus an analysis of capstone units (or subjects) offered in JoMeC-related degrees. This audit revealed a diversity of degree titles, disciplinary foci, projected career outcomes and pedagogical styles in the 36 universities that offered JoMeC-related degrees in 2012, highlighting the difficulties of classifying the JoMeC disciplines collectively or singularly. Instead of attempting to map all disciplines related to journalism, media and communication, the project team opted to create generalised TLOs for these fields, coupled with detailed TLOs for bachelor-level qualifications in three selected JoMeC disciplines: Journalism, Communication and/or Media Studies, and Public Relations. The initial review’s outcomes shaped the methodology that was used to develop the TLOs. Given the complexity of the JoMeC disciplines and the diversity of degrees across the network, the project team deployed an issue-framing process to create TLO statements. This involved several phases, including discussions with an issue-framing team (an advisory group of representatives from different disciplinary areas); research into accreditation requirements and industry-produced materials about employment expectations; evaluation of learning outcomes from universities across Australia; reviews of scholarly literature; as well as input from disciplinary leaders in a variety of forms. Draft TLOs were refined after further consultation with industry stakeholders and the academic community via email, telephone interviews, and meetings and public forums at conferences. This process was used to create a set of common TLOs for JoMeC disciplines in general and extended TLO statements for the specific disciplines of Journalism and Public Relations. A TLO statement for Communication and/or Media Studies remains in draft form. The Australian and New Zealand Communication Association (ANZCA) and Journalism Education and Research Association of Australian (JERAA) have agreed to host meetings to review, revise and further develop the TLOs. The aim is to support the JoMeC Network’s sustainability and the TLOs’ future development and use.

Agua de mar como promotor de crecimiento en pollos de engorde arbor acres de cero a seis semanas, La Unión, Pasaquina, El Salvador

La industria avícola productora de carne de pollo, ha requerido la modernización tecnológica para mejorar los parámetros productivos recurriendo entre otras medidas al uso de estimulantes del crecimiento reforzados con antibióticos (Sánchez R.1996). Por esta razón, el productor avícola cada día se esfuerza por mejorar la producción a menores costos y evitar perdidas económicas ocasionadas por surgimiento de enfermedades en las aves, incluyendo por tanto en la ración alimenticia o agua de bebida, soluciones alternativas como el uso de Exclusión competitiva para establecer microflora intestinal mas resistente, como el uso de promotores de crecimientos químicos. (Nurmi y Rantala 1973). Es así que con este trabajo de investigación: “Uso del Agua de Mar como Promotor de crecimiento Natural (PN) en pollos de engorde en la granja avícola de La Unión – Pasaquina El Salvador”. Se establecieron tratamientos diferentes con promotores de crecimiento y uno de ellos fue el Agua de Mar implementado como Promotor Natural (PN), el cual fue aplicado en el agua de bebida. El estudio permitió determinar una dosis específica de 250 ml, lo que conllevó a obtener resultados como el consumo de alimento en los pollos de engorde con (PN)fue de 461.56kg, y de 460.95kg para (PQ), conversión alimenticia menor en el (PN) con un promedio de 2.51 kg mientras que en el PQ (súper promotor) demostró un promedio de 2.69kg, alcanzando un peso el (PN) de 2.07kg. Siendo menor el peso alcanzado (PQ) con 1.83kg. así como la condición organoléptica de la carne con PN resulto con categoría de muy buena (MB), demostrando con este estudio el efecto positivo del Agua de Mar como promotor de crecimiento, Además, por primera vez se utiliza el Agua de Mar como promotor de crecimiento en el desarrollo de pollos de engorde.

Alfonso I y Alfonso VII : del condado al reino de Portugal. Jurisdicción, pacto y fronteras en el contexto del imperio leonés

Resumen: Las relaciones entre el condado de Portugal y el reino de León en la segunda mitad del siglo XII únicamente pueden ser entendidas en el contexto de fronteras entre ambos territorios, el tipo de dominio indirecto leonés, pero siempre marcando jurisdicción efectiva, las relaciones de parentesco entre las hijas y los nietos de Alfonso VI de León, y el papado romano en el ejercicio de su auctoritas. Esta ponencia da un nuevo punto de vista a la consolidación del reino de Portugal, dentro del ámbito del Imperium legionense, y de la definitiva separación e independencia del territorio lusitano de la Corona de León.

La práctica política en la Roma antigua, especificidad y debates

En esta intervención, desarrollaré algunas consideraciones sobre la política en el mundo romano antiguo y el reciente debate acerca de ella. Me refiero a la política como práctica; entendiendo por esto lo que sea funcional a los mecanismos de la vida pública, a la formación del consenso, al ejercicio del poder, al cursus honorum en sus varios niveles, a los procesos decisorios y a la determinación de los rumbos del gobierno.

Prudentia Iuris, 1994, n° 34 (número completo)

Contenido: El abogado interno de empresa en la Argentina / Rodolfo Blaquier – Res Publicae / Alfredo Di Pietro – La problemática ambiental en el ámbito del MERCOSUR y el NAFTA / Dino Luis Bellorio – Hacia un modelo europeo del proceso penal / Mireille Delmas-Marty – Panorama de las relaciones Iglesia-Estado en el Río de la Plata / Néstor Daniel Villa – Notas bibliográficas

La humanización del ejercicio de la vocación médica : un desafío fáctico

Resumen: Frente a los avances tecnológicos y el progreso de la ciencia; y en medio de la despersonalización que sufre la sociedad y consecuentemente la medicina, sería conveniente que los médicos propendan una actitud aún más reflexiva en la concepción del ejercicio de su profesión. Es tiempo de replantearse la vocación y posicionarse sobre las raíces de las ciencias médicas. La relación que se establece entre médico y paciente reviste ciertas particularidades en donde el vínculo se manifiesta de diferentes maneras. El propósito es analizar y reflexionar el aspecto peculiar que reviste ese encuentro interpersonal, a fin de que el trato con la persona enferma adquiera dimensiones profundamente más humanizadas. Como resultado de esta acción se podrá reconocer a la persona en todos los aspectos constitutivos. El médico debiera poseer la suficiente formación profesional a fin de percibir la vivencia de enfermar que experimentan todos los pacientes, y en un segundo tiempo, reconocer la manera en la cual se manifiesta esa experiencia. La mayoría de las veces este aspecto de la relación parece quedar librado al azar. Aquellos que observan más allá de los hechos manifiestos, perciben los gestos de humanidad del enfermo, arribando al diagnóstico de la patología con visión holística de la persona. Esta actitud genera en los pacientes seguridad y confianza, la cual puede teñir el resultado de cualquier tipo de terapéutica aplicada. Es precisamente en y con las personas, desde donde se construyen las profesiones.

El estado actual de la “third quest” o “tercera búsqueda” del Jesús histórico

El presente estudio ofrece un panorama actualizado acerca del estado de la “Investigación sobre el Jesús histórico” en su última etapa conocida como “La Tercera Búsqueda” o “Third Quest”. Al respecto, se presentan el marco general de la Investigación sobre la vida de Jesús, “La Tercera Etapa”, las “imágenes” de Jesús de Nazaret, las Perspectivas y la relevancia de la “Tercera Búsqueda”. Sin una pretensión de exhaustividad, el autor plantea esta aproximación como parte de un plan más amplio que se propone el Grupo de Investigación “Judíos y cristianos en los procesos culturales del mundo helenístico-romano”: una mirada más abarcadora de las “Tres búsquedas”.

Agustín de Hipona: bienes creados y felicidad

Introducción: En el siguiente trabajo nos proponemos indagar ciertas cuestiones correspondientes a uno de los problemas esenciales de toda la filosofía: ¿cuál es el fin último del hombre y en qué consiste su felicidad? Dada la inabarcabilidad de dicho propósito, entraremos en diálogo únicamente con el pensamiento de Agustín de Hipona y su postura frente a la problemática que nos atañe. Conforma el eje central de nuestro estudio la postura del Hiponense respecto de los bienes terrenales, agrupables bajo el concepto de mundo, y su relación con el fin último del hombre. En primer lugar intentaremos presentar qué entiende Agustín por felicidad y cuál es el objeto más propio de dicho deseo. A continuación presentaremos el concepto de mundo desarrollado por el autor, dejando en evidencia el conjunto de bienes que este abarca. Más adelante abordaremos la tensión que se genera en el pensamiento del Hiponense entre el mundo y Dios, trayendo a colación las posturas adoptadas por Romano Guardini y Victorino Capánaga...