Chemical-free graphene by unzipping carbon nanotubes using cryo-milling

Current paper reports synthesis of chemical free graphene by unzipping of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using high strain rate deformation at 150K. A specially designed cryomill operating at 150 K was used for the experiments. The mechanism of unzipping was further explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both experimental and simulation results reveal two modes of unzipping through radial and shear loading. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of Instruction Extensions on HyperCell, a Reconfigurable Datapath

In this paper we present HyperCell as a reconfigurable datapath for Instruction Extensions (IEs). HyperCell comprises an array of compute units laid over a switch network. We present an IE synthesis methodology that enables post-silicon realization of IE datapaths on HyperCell. The synthesis methodology optimally exploits hardware resources in HyperCell to enable software pipelined execution of IEs. Exploitation of temporal reuse of data in HyperCell results in significant reduction of input/output bandwidth requirements of HyperCell.

An enzyme-linked immuno focus assay for rapid detection and enumeration, and a newborn mouse model for human non-polio enteroviruses associated with acute diarrhea

We have recently reported significant association of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) with acute and persistent diarrhea (18-21% of total diarrheal cases), and non-diarrheal Increased Frequency of Bowel Movements (IFoBM-ND) (about 29% of the NPEV infections) in children and that the NPEV-associated diarrhea was as significant as rotavirus diarrhea. However, their diarrhea-causing potential is yet to be demonstrated in an animal model system. Since the determination of virus titers by the traditional plaque assay takes 4-7 days, there is a need for development of a rapid method for virus titer determination to facilitate active clinical research on enterovirus-associated diarrhea. The goal of this study is to develop a cell-based rapid detection and enumeration method and to demonstrate the diarrhea-inducing potential of purified and characterized non-polio enteroviruses, which were isolated from diarrheic children. Here we describe generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against purified strains belonging to different serotypes, and development of an enzyme-linked immuno focus assay (ELIFA) for detection and enumeration of live NPEV particles in clinical and purified virus samples, and a newborn mouse model for NPEV diarrhea. Plaque-purified NPVEs, belonging to different serotypes, isolated from children with diarrhea, were grown in cell culture and purified by isopycnic CsCl density gradient centrifugation. By ELIFA, NPEVs could be detected and enumerated within 12 h post-infection. Our results demonstrated that Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) and CVB5 strains, isolated from diarrheic children, induced severe diarrhea in orally-inoculated 9-12 day-old mouse pups, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The methods described here would facilitate studies on NPEV-associated gastrointestinal disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Systematic Analysis of Mycobacterial Acylation Reveals First Example of Acylation-mediated Regulation of Enzyme Activity of a Bacterial Phosphatase

Protein lysine acetylation is known to regulate multiple aspects of bacterial metabolism. However, its presence in mycobacterial signal transduction and virulence-associated proteins has not been studied. In this study, analysis of mycobacterial proteins from different cellular fractions indicated dynamic and widespread occurrence of lysine acetylation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins regulating diverse physiological processes were then selected and expressed in the surrogate host Mycobacterium smegmatis. The purified proteins were analyzed for the presence of lysine acetylation, leading to the identification of 24 acetylated proteins. In addition, novel lysine succinylation and propionylation events were found to co-occur with acetylation on several proteins. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB), a secretory phosphatase that regulates phosphorylation of host proteins and plays a critical role in Mycobacterium infection, is modified by acetylation and succinylation at Lys-224. This residue is situated in a lid region that covers the enzyme's active site. Consequently, acetylation and succinylation negatively regulate the activity of PtpB.

Comparative proteomic analysis of primordial follicles from ovaries of immature and aged rats

Age related decline in reproductive performance in women is well documented and apoptosis has been considered as one of the reasons for the decline of primordial follicle reserve. Recently we observed a decline in the efficiency of DNA repair ability in aged rat primordial follicles as demonstrated by decreased mRNA levels of DNA repair genes BRCA1 and H2AX. In the present study, a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) proteomic approach was employed to identify differentially expressed proteins in primordial follicles isolated from ovaries of immature (approximate to 20 days) and aged (approximate to 400-450 days) rats. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, we identified 13 differentially expressed proteins (p<0.05) which included seven up-regulated and six down-regulated proteins in aged primordial follicles. These proteins are involved in a wide range of biological functions including apoptosis, DNA repair, and the immune system. Interestingly, the differentially expressed proteins such as FIGNL1 (DNA repair) and BOK (apoptotic protein) have not been previously reported in the rat primordial follicles and these proteins can be related to some common features of ovarian aging such as loss of follicle reserve and genome integrity. The quantitative differences of two important proteins BOK and FIGNL1 observed by the proteomic analysis were correlated with the transcript levels, as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our results improve the current knowledge about protein factors associated with molecular changes in rat primordial follicles as a function of aging and our understanding of the proteomic processes involved in degenerative changes observed in aging primordial follicles.

Exceptional resistance to grain growth in nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy at high homologous temperatures

Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy, synthesized by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering, demonstrated extremely sluggish grain growth even at very high homologous temperature of 0.68 T-m (900 degrees C) for annealing duration of 600 h. Mechanically alloyed powder had carbon and oxygen as impurities, which in turn led to the formation of two-phase mixture of FCC and Cr-rich carbide with fine distribution of Cr-rich oxide during spark plasma sintering. Sluggish grain growth is attributed to the Zener pinning effect from the fine dispersion of oxide, mutual retardation of grain boundaries in the presence of two phases, and sluggish diffusivity because of cooperative diffusion of multi-principle elements. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Studies on Carbon Mediated Paste Screen Printed Sensors for Blood Glucose Sensing Application

Ready-to-use screen printed glucose sensors are fabricated using Prussian Blue (PB) and Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPC) mediated carbon inks as working electrodes. The reference and counter electrodes are screen printed using silver/silver chloride and graphitic carbon paste respectively. The screen printed reference electrodes (internal reference electrode (IRE)) are found to be stable for more than 60 minutes when examined with saturated calomel electrode. Optimal operating voltage for PB and CoPC screen printed sensors are determined by hydrodynamic voltammetric technique. Glucose oxidase is immobilized on the working electrodes by cross-linking method. PB mediated glucose sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 5.60 mA cm(-2)/mM for the range, 10 to 1000 mu M. Sensitivity of CoPC mediated glucose sensor is found to be 5.224 mu A cm(-2)/mM and amperometeric response is linear for the range, 100 to 1500 mu M. Interference studies on the fabricated glucose sensors are conducted with species like uric acid and ascorbic acid. PB mediated sensors showed a completely interference-free behavior. The sensing characteristics of PB mediated glucose sensors are also studied in diluted human serum samples and the results are compared with the values obtained through standard clinical method. The co-efficient of variation is found to be less than 5%. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

Corona Degradation of the Polymer Insulator Samples under Different Fog Conditions

Corona discharges resulting from the metal parts of insulators and the line hardware affect the long term performance of the polymeric insulators used for outdoor application and can lead to its eventual failure. The authors previous work, involved in developing a new methodology to evaluate the performance of polymeric shed materials subjected to corona stresses in the presence of natural fog condition, results revealed more surface hydroxylation thereby resulting in more loss of hydropobhicity. With the increase in industrialization, there is an increase in acidic component of the rain as well as the fog (moisture). The present work, reports the effect of acid fog on the corona performance of the polymeric insulators for both AC and DC excitation, interesting results are obtained. A comparison of the experimental investigations revealed that the acidic fog has more effect than that of the normal fog. This fact has been confirmed by physico-chemical analysis like the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. The effect of DC corona is found to be lesser in comparison with the AC; however the hydroxylation induced by the DC corona under the presence of fog is similar with that of AC excitation.

氮化钛沉积膜的摩擦性能研究

采用等离子电弧沉积法在9Cr18钢表面制备了厚约0.5 μm的TiN薄膜，通过显微硬度测试以及纳米压痕和纳米划痕试验，对比考察了9Cr18钢及其表面TiN薄膜的机械和摩擦性能。结果表明，9Cr18钢及其表面TiN沉积膜的纳米硬度分别为8GPa和38GPa，弹性模量分别为250GPa和580 GPa，9Cr18、TiN和有机薄膜的摩擦系数分别为0.40、0.12和、0.10；TiN沉积膜可显著提高基体钢的承载和耐磨能力。

Efecto de diferentes niveles de aplicación de fertilizante nitrogenado sobre la producción de semilla del Andropogon gayanus kunth var. CIAT 621 (Gamba), en la zona de Carazo

El estudio se desarrollo de junio a diciembre de 1994, en la finca "El Pastor" municipio de Santa Teresa, Departamento de Carazo. Ubicada a una elevación de 367 msnm. y entre las latitudes 1301' y 1302'. La zona registró tamperaturas promedios de 24°C y unos 1550 mm de precipitación media por año; por lo cual es posible considerar la zona agroecológica como trópico seco. Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes niveles de fertilizante nitrogenado sobre la producción de semilla de Andropogon gayanus Kunth, para ello se utilizó un diseño experimental de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA) y se estudió el efecto de un solo factor (Niveles de fertilizante) con cuatro repeticiones formándose un total de veinte tratamientos 2 El ensayo se realizó en un área total de 875 m en la toma de muestras se empleó el método del metro cuadrado para la evaluación de- MS y forraje verde. En cambio, para evaluar la producción de semilla cruda se evaluó el área útil (3x4 m) de parcela. No se realizó poda de control, a causa del mal invierno. Se procedió a aplicar de una sola vez los diferentes niveles de fertilizante. El estudio estadístico contempló el uso del análisis de la varianza (ANDEVA) y se hizo una separación de medias por la prueba de Duncan. Se midió la influencia porcentual de cinco niveles de fertilizante (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Kg de Urea, 46% N2/h3.), sobre la producción de semilla cruda de la parcela útil l (SCPU), también el Porcentaje de semilla pura ajustada (PSPA), kilogramos de forraje verde por m 2 (KGFV), porcentaje de materia seca (%MS) y• porcent.aje de viabilidad de la semilla (% VIAB>. Las variables% MS y Semilla cruda evaluadas resultaron con valores significativos para los bloques, a excepción del % SPA, % VIAB y Forraje verde. Para los tratamientos resultó significativ solamente la variable Forraje verde al (P<0.05>. Al evaluar los resultados obtenido sometiendo las variables en estudio al análisis estadístico y considerando el factor costo de producción- rentabilidad y rendimiento productivo en el campo; seleccionamos el tratamiento 50 Kg urea 146%/N,)/ha como el mas idóneo para la producción de semilla del Andropogon gayanus para la zona evaluada.

Estudio preliminar sobre el comportamiento reproductivo de vacas de doble propósito durante período parto-concepción en el municipio de Matiguás, departamento de Matagalpa

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento reproductivo de vacas de doble propósito durante el período parto–concepción en el municipio de Matiguás, departamento de Matagalpa considerando factores como, raza, número de parto, condición corporal y localidad, Sobre el comportamiento reproductivo en ganado con encaste Pardo Suizo, Holstein y Cebú; bajo condiciones del trópico húmedo en fincas ubicadas en 7 localidades del municipio de Matiguás departamento de Matagalpa. Además se utilizó una base de registros para analizar y clasificar a las vacas en cuanto a su condición corporal posparto, número de parto y localidad. Se analizaron 33 registros reproductivos correspondientes a vacas preñadas de las 106 vacas consideradas en estudio. Las variables bajo estudio fueron intervalo parto concepción (IPC), intervalo entre parto (IEP) y distocia. En los análisis se utilizó el procedimiento de mínimos cuadrados y separación de medias por el método Duncan para evaluar el efecto de la raza, número de parto, condición corporal posparto y localidad, sobre las varia bles IPC e IEP. En cuanto a la variable distocia no se evaluó en los análisis debido a que no presento la suficiente prevalencia para ser considerada estadísticamente. Este análisis mostró un efecto no significativo (P> 0.05) de los factores considerados sobre las variables IPC e IEP. Las medias de mínimos cuadrados obtenidas fueron 87.54 +/- 18.57 días de IPC, 367.91 +/- 18.99 días de IEP y 2% de distocia. En lo que respecta a la prevalencia de patologías del tracto reproductivo se encontraron: 7% de re tención placentaria, 3% deprolapsos vaginales, 3% de folículos persistentes y 1% de atresia ovárica.

Determinación de la calidad de la carne bovina mediante inspección sanitaria (ISC) en el matadero PROINCASA

La carne bovina hoy en día se considera un producto de exportación y Nicaragua es el mayor exporta dor de este producto en Centroamérica, es así que la carne bovina en conjunto con el café son los productos de exportación que aportan los ingresos mas altos del país (Schütz et al., 2004). Conociéndose que el bovino en el matadero sufre una transformación a materia prima, donde los principales productos y subproductos obtenidos de la matanza son los cortes selectos, cortes industriales, víscera s comestibles y otros. Con base en la importancia que representa la producción de carne bovina para el país, se decidió realizar el presente estudio que tiene por titulo “Determinación de la Calidad de la Carne Bovina mediante Inspección Sanitaria (ISC) en el matadero PROINCASA”, con el objetivo de determinar la calidad de la carne bovina la cual se obtuvo mediante revisión de los registros del matadero para el año 2005 e Inspección Sanitaria de la Carne (ISC) directo para el primer semestre del año 2006, donde identificamos las patologías mas frecuentes en glándulas mamarias (ubres) con un 1.11% cueros 0.59% e hígados 0.50%. Así como también se lograron determinar perdidas económicas las cuales reflejan C$ 965 367.00 Córdobas. Con este trabajo de investigación se concluye que no se alcanza el aprovechamiento completo de los animales debido al alto porcentaje de afecciones patológicas que se diagnostican mediante Inspección Sanitaria de la Carne(ISC).

The effects of introducing ester linking groups on the flexoelectro-optic properties of symmetric bimesogens

In the chiral nematic phase, flexoelectricity can give rise to an interesting electrooptic switching effect, known as flexoelectro-optic switching. Flexoelectro-optic switching gives a fast v-shaped switching regime. Previous studies show that symmetric bimesogens are particularly suited for flexoelectro-optic switching. By introducing two ester linking groups into the molecular structure of a symmetric bimesogen, it was hypothesised that the flexoelectric properties will be enhanced significantly because of the resulting increase in the dipole moment of the molecules. This was found to be the correct; however, the inclusion of ester linking groups reduced the liquid crystallinity of the material.