Syväjohtaminen kokonaisvaltaisen oppimisen tukena Peikko Finland Oy:ssä

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on ymmärtää yritystä oppivana organisaationa ja selvittää onko Syväjohtamisen valmennusmalli ja työkalu Peik-ko Finland Oy:lle organisaation ja yksilön oppimista tukevaa. Tutkimus on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa tutkimusaineiston muodostavat Peikko Finland Oy:n johdon ja esimiestehtävissä olevien henkilöiden teemahaastattelut. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että Syväjohtamisen valmen-nusmalli on yrityksen ja yksilön oppimisen kannalta toimiva työkalu, joka ulkoisen valmennuksen jälkeen tulisi ylläpitää sisäisellä toimintamallilla. Oleellista on ulkoisen valmennuksen jatkamisen yhteydessä lisätä etukäteisinfon osuutta ennen valmennuksen alkamista. Peikko Finland Oy:ssä organisaation ja yksilön oma oppiminen edellyttää yritykseltä oppimista tukevien työkalujen ja yrityksen sisäisen toimintamallin toteuttamista, jonka avulla mahdollisestaan koko organisaation oppiminen ja yhteisten tavoitteiden ymmärtäminen.

Optimization of short term power trading between Russia, Finland and Baltic countries

Russian and Baltic electricity markets are in the process of reformation and development on the way for competitive and transparent market. Nordic market also undergoes some changes on the way to market integration. Old structure and practices have been expired whereas new laws and rules come into force. The master thesis describes structure and functioning of wholesale electricity markets, cross-border connections between different countries. Additionally methods of cross-border trading using different methods of capacity allocation are disclosed. The main goal of present thesis is to study current situation at different electricity markets and observe changes coming into force as well as the capacity and electricity balances forecast in order to optimize short term power trading between countries and estimate the possible profit for the company.

Dry toilet compost and separated urine as fertilisers for cabbage and potato – a case study from Finland.

Konferenssijulkaisu

Transforming Maritime Safety Culture. Evaluation of the impacts of the ISM Code on maritime safety culture in Finland

The purpose of the METKU Project (Development of Maritime Safety Culture) is to study how the ISM Code has influenced the safety culture in the maritime industry. This literature review is written as a part of the Work Package 2 which is conducted by the University of Turku, Centre for Maritime Studies. The maritime traffic is rapidly growing in the Baltic Sea which leads to a growing risk of maritime accidents. Particularly in the Gulf of Finland, the high volume of traffic causes a high risk of maritime accidents. The growing risks give us good reasons for implementing the research project concerning maritime safety and the effectiveness of the safety measures, such as the safety management systems. In order to reduce maritime safety risks, the safety management systems should be further developed. The METKU Project has been launched to examine the improvements which can be done to the safety management systems. Human errors are considered as the most important reason for maritime accidents. The international safety management code (the ISM Code) has been established to cut down the occurrence of human errors by creating a safety-oriented organizational culture for the maritime industry. The ISM Code requires that a company should provide safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment and establish safeguards against all identified risk. The fundamental idea of the ISM Code is that companies should continuously improve safety. The commitment of the top management is essential for implementing a safety-oriented culture in a company. The ISM Code has brought a significant contribution to the progress of maritime safety in recent years. Shipping companies and ships’ crews are more environmentally friendly and more safety-oriented than 12 years ago. This has been showed by several studies which have been analysed for this literature research. Nevertheless, the direct effect and influence of the ISM Code on maritime safety could not be isolated very well. No quantitative measurement (statistics/hard data) could be found in order to present the impacts of the ISM Code on maritime safety. In this study it has been discovered that safety culture has emerged and it is developing in the maritime industry. Even though the roots of the safety culture have been established there are still serious barriers to the breakthrough of the safety management. These barriers could be envisaged as cultural factors preventing the safety process. Even though the ISM Code has been effective over a decade, the old-established behaviour which is based on the old day’s maritime culture still occurs. In the next phase of this research project, these cultural factors shall be analysed in regard to the present safety culture of the maritime industry in Finland.

Maritime transportation in the Gulf of Finland in 2007 and in 2015

The Gulf of Finland is said to be one of the densest operated sea areas in the world. It is a shallow and economically vulnerable sea area with dense passenger and cargo traffic of which petroleum transports have a share of over 50 %. The winter conditions add to the risks of maritime traffic in the Gulf of Finland. It is widely believed that the growth of maritime transportation will continue also in the future. The Gulf of Finland is surrounded by three very different national economies with, different maritime transportation structures. Finland is a country of high GDP/per capita with a diversified economic structure. The number of ports is large and the maritime transportation consists of many types of cargoes: raw materials, industrial products, consumer goods, coal and petroleum products, and the Russian transit traffic of e.g. new cars and consumer goods. Russia is a large country with huge growth potential; in recent years, the expansion of petroleum exports has lead to a strong economic growth, which is also apparent in the growth of maritime transports. Russia has been expanding its port activities in the Gulf of Finland and it is officially aiming to transport its own imports and exports through the Russian ports in the future; now they are being transported to great extend through the Finnish, Estonian and other Baltic ports. Russia has five ports in the Gulf of Finland. Estonia has also experienced fast economic growth, but the growth has been slowing down already during the past couples of years. The size of its economy is small compared to Russia, which means the transported tonnes cannot be very massive. However, relatively large amounts of the Russian petroleum exports have been transported through the Estonian ports. The future of the Russian transit traffic in Estonia looks nevertheless uncertain and it remains to be seen how it will develop and if Estonia is able to find replacing cargoes if the Russian transit traffic will come to an end in the Estonian ports. Estonia’s own import and export consists of forestry products, metals or other raw materials and consumer goods. Estonia has many ports on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, but the port of Tallinn dominates the cargo volumes. In 2007, 263 M tonnes of cargoes were transported in the maritime traffic in the Gulf of Finland, of which the share of petroleum products was 56 %. 23 % of the cargoes were loaded or unloaded in the Finnish ports, 60 % in the Russian ports and 17 % in the Estonian ports. The largest ports were Primorsk (74.2 M tonnes) St. Petersburg (59.5 M tonnes), Tallinn (35.9 M tonnes), Sköldvik (19.8 M tonnes), Vysotsk (16.5 M tonnes) and Helsinki (13.4 M) tonnes. Approximately 53 600 ship calls were made in the ports of the Gulf of Finland. The densest traffic was found in the ports of St. Petersburg (14 651 ship calls), Helsinki (11 727 ship calls) and Tallinn (10 614 ship calls) in 2007. The transportation scenarios are usually based on the assumption that the amount of transports follows the development of the economy, although also other factors influence the development of transportation, e.g. government policy, environmental aspects, and social and behavioural trends. The relationship between the development of transportation and the economy is usually analyzed in terms of the development of GDP and trade. When the GDP grows to a certain level, especially the international transports increase because countries of high GDP produce, consume and thus transport more. An effective transportation system is also a precondition for the economic development. In this study, the following factors were taken into consideration when formulating the future scenarios: maritime transportation in the Gulf of Finland 2007, economic development, development of key industries, development of infrastructure and environmental aspects in relation to maritime transportation. The basic starting points for the three alternative scenarios were: • the slow growth scenario: economic recession • the average growth scenario: economy will recover quickly from current instability • the strong growth scenario: the most optimistic views on development will realize According to the slow growth scenario, the total tonnes for the maritime transportation in the Gulf of Finland would be 322.4 M tonnes in 2015, which would mean a growth of 23 % compared to 2007. In the average growth scenario, the total tonnes were estimated to be 431.6 M tonnes – a growth of 64 %, and in the strong growth scenario 507.2 M tonnes – a growth of 93%. These tonnes were further divided into petroleum products and other cargoes by country, into export, import and domestic traffic by country, and between the ports. For petroleum products, the share of crude oil and oil products was estimated and the number of tanker calls in 2015 was calculated for each scenario. However, the future development of maritime transportation in the GoF is dependent on so many societal and economic variables that it is not realistic to predict one exact point estimate value for the cargo tonnes for a certain scenario. Plenty of uncertainty is related both to the degree in which the scenario will come true as well as to the cause-effect relations between the different variables. For these reasons, probability distributions for each scenario were formulated by an expert group. As a result, a range for the total tonnes of each scenario was formulated and they are as follows: the slow growth scenario: 280.8 – 363 M tonnes (expectation value 322.4 M tonnes)

Externalities of Shipping in the Gulf of Finland until 2015

During the last few years, the discussion on the marginal social costs of transportation has been active. Applying the externalities as a tool to control transport would fulfil the polluter pays principle and simultaneously create a fair control method between the transport modes. This report presents the results of two calculation algorithms developed to estimate the marginal social costs based on the externalities of air pollution. The first algorithm calculates the future scenarios of sea transport traffic externalities until 2015 in the Gulf of Finland. The second algorithm calculates the externalities of Russian passenger car transit traffic via Finland by taking into account both sea and road transport. The algorithm estimates the ship-originated emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur oxides (SO_x), particulates (PM) and the externalities for each year from 2007 to 2015. The total NOx emissions in the Gulf of Finland from the six ship types were almost 75.7 kilotons (Table 5.2) in 2007. The ship types are: passenger (including cruisers and ROPAX vessels), tanker, general cargo, Ro-Ro, container and bulk vessels. Due to the increase of traffic, the estimation for NO_x emissions for 2015 is 112 kilotons. The NO_x emission estimation for the whole Baltic Sea shipping is 370 kilotons in 2006 (Stipa & al, 2007). The total marginal social costs due to ship-originated CO₂, NO_x, SO_x and PM emissions in the GOF were calculated to almost 175 million Euros in 2007. The costs will increase to nearly 214 million Euros in 2015 due to the traffic growth. The major part of the externalities is due to CO₂ emissions. If we neglect the CO2 emissions by extracting the CO₂ externalities from the results, we get the total externalities of 57 million Euros in 2007. After eight years (2015), the externalities would be 28 % lower, 41 million Euros (Table 8.1). This is the result of the sulphur emissions reducing regulation of marine fuels. The majority of the new car transit goes through Finland to Russia due to the lack of port capacity in Russia. The amount of cars was 339 620 vehicles (Statistics of Finnish Customs 2008) in 2005. The externalities are calculated for the transportation of passenger vehicles as follows: by ship to a Finnish port and, after that, by trucks to the Russian border checkpoint. The externalities are between 2 – 3 million Euros (year 2000 cost level) for each route. The ports included in the calculations are Hamina, Hanko, Kotka and Turku. With the Euro-3 standard trucks, the port of Hanko would be the best choice to transport the vehicles. This is because of lower emissions by new trucks and the saved transport distance of a ship. If the trucks are more polluting Euro 1 level trucks, the port of Kotka would be the best choice. This indicates that the truck emissions have a considerable effect on the externalities and that the transportation of light cargo, such as passenger cars by ship, produces considerably high emission externalities. The emission externalities approach offers a new insight for valuing the multiple traffic modes. However, the calculation of the marginal social costs based on the air emission externalities should not be regarded as a ready-made calculation system. The system is clearly in the need of some improvement but it can already be considered as a potential tool for political decision making.

Finlands fiskar målade efter naturen = The fishes of Finland, drawn and coloured from life. Häft. 1-12

Gustaf (Gösta) Sundman (1854-1914) tuli tunnetuksi korkeatasoisten luonnontieteellisten kuvateosten kuvittajana. Finlands fiskar –teos ilmestyi kahtenatoista vihkona 1883-1893, upeat, metallihohtoiset kalojen kuvat irrallisina tauluina. Kalateokset tekstit ovat eläintieteen professori O. M. Reuterin ja eläintieteellisen museon amanuenssin A. J. Melan laatimia.

Finland i bilder = Suomi kuvissa = La Finlande pittoresque

Into Konrad Inhan (1865-1930) teoksen vaikuttavat kuvat ovat syntyneet pitkillä keruumatkoilla kautta Suomen ja Vienan Karjalan. Inha kuvaa valokuvan keinoin suomalaista maisemaa, kansanelämää, työntekoa, rakennuksia ja jo myös tehdasympäristöä. Inhan laatimat kuvien selitystekstit ovat suomeksi, ruotsiksi, venäjäksi, ranskaksi ja englanniksi.

Berättelse om Kejsar Alexanders färd från Nissilä gästgifveri till staden Kajana under Hans majestäts senaste resa uti Stor-Furstendömet Finland om sommarn år 1819

Nimeke muilla kielillä:

Описанiе путешетвиiя государя Императора Александра 1., изъ станцiи Ниссиле въ город Каяну во время послѣднаго вояжа Его величества въ Ведикое княжество Финляндское лѣтомъ 1819 года

Schilderung der Fahrt des Kejsers Alexander von der Station Nissilä nach der Stadt Kaiana auf der letzten Reise Seiner Majestät in dem Gross-Fürstenthume Finland während des Sommers 1819.

Relation du trajet de l’Empereur Alexandre de la station Nissilä à la ville de Kaïana duran le dernier voyage de sa majesté dans le Grand Duché de Finlande pendant l’été 1819.

Konstvetenskap - arkitektur

En större samling konstvetenskaplig litteratur finns vid huvudbiblioteket och av den handlar några tusen volymer om arkitektur och arkitekturhistoria, om arkitekter och deras verk samt om olika typer av byggnader såsom offentliga byggnader, bostadshus, villor, slott osv. Av särskilt intresse är att det finns mycket litteratur om kyrko- och klosterbyggnader både i Sverige och i Finland. Vid Humanistiska biblioteket finns litteratur om arkitektur i samband med ämnet Konstvetenskap. En del av den äldre litteraturen om arkitektur har förvärvats genom bokdonationer, som exempel ett antal arkitekturhistoriska samlingsverk från arkitekt Carl-Folke Collianders sterbhus på 1950-talet. Återvinning av litteratur om arkitektur tryckt före 1980 görs genom manuell sökning i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog, där samlingen med har signum HB IVd2. Retroaktiv inmatning i databasen Alma gör att all konstvetenskaplig litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 med tiden blir sökbart i Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB IVd. Från och med år 2000 ingår huvudbibliotekets litteraturen om arkitektur i en numerus currens-samling.

Skönlitteratur – en specialsamling finlandssvensk skönlitteratur

Samlingen med signum HB IVb1 finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller finlandssvensk skönlitteratur, även barnlitteratur. Samlingen tillväxer kontinuerligt. Biblioteket fick friexemplarsrätt år 1919 och har därefter erhållit ett exemplar av det mesta som utkommit på svenska i Finland. Biblioteket inköper sådant som saknas, t.ex. böcker utgivna i annat land, för att göra samlingen möjligast komplett. Dessutom görs inköp för att beståndet skall innehålla både arkivexemplar och utlåningsexemplar. Bevakningen av den finlandssvenska litteraturen hör till bibliotekets specialuppgifter. Genom målmedvetet inköpande och tack vare talrika donationer äger biblioteket en omfattande samling finlandssvensk skönlitteratur från tiden före 1919 och ofta är det fråga om första upplagor. Bland donatorerna kan nämnas Arvid Sourander, Hildur Malmberg, Hilma Nyberg, Ossian Donner, Gunnar Karlsson och Arthur Rindell. Den finlandssvenska skönlitteraturen söks i databasen Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB IVb1. En del litteratur tryckt före 1980 skall sökas manuellt i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog, men retroaktiv inmatning i Alma av litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 pågår. Skönlitterära småskrifter tryckta före 1900 med signum HB IVb1/kapsel har digitaliserats. Adressen är http://bibbild.abo.fi/diktlista.htm

Metropolista matriisiin. Elokuva modernin maisemana: peruskysymyksiä kuvalle ja muutoksia kuvassa 1900-luvulla

Tutkin työssäni elokuvaa modernin maisemana, millä viittaan lähtökohtaisesti kahteen aspektiin elävää kuvaa ja moderniteettia yhteen kietovassa ajattelussa. Yhtäältä elokuva on leimallisesti moderni keksintö, modernin mediakulttuurimme audiovisuaalinen perusmuoto ja modernin ajan ilmiökenttä, ja sellaisena juuri elokuva maisemallistaa eli koostaa kuvallisiksi tapahtumiksi luontevasti monia moderniteetin ulottuvuuksia. Toisaalta moderni kulttuuri itsessään on peruuttamattomasti elokuvallistunut, mikä ei tarkoita pelkästään mediakuvien määrällistä ja yhä monimuotoisempaa vyöryä vaan eritoten muutosta yksilön laadullisissa suhteissa kuvalliseen ympäristöönsä sekä aistimuksien ja ajattelun uudenlaisia liikahduksia ja siirtymiä suhteessa kuvaan 1900-luvun kuluessa. Maisema on valittu tutkielmani ydinkäsitteeksi, jotta tavoittaisin representaationa jäsennettyä elokuvaesitystä paremmin elokuvan kokemuksellisen luonteen audiovisuaalisena tapahtumana, jossa kuva ja subjekti kietoutuvat erottamattomasti yhteen – kuvaan upotaan tai pukeudutaan. Siinä missä representaatio viittaa määritelmällisesti jonkin poissaolevan uudelleen esittämiseen, maisemassa korostuu voimakas läsnäolon vaikutelma. Maisema on meissä ja me maisemassa. Maisemallinen kuvakäsitys kiinnittyy työssäni määrittelyyn moderniteetista hermostollisena ja aistimellisena murroksena, jota leimaa sensomotorisesti, emotionaalisesti ja kognitiivisesti yhä yltäkylläisempi ärsykeympäristö. Tähän esimerkiksi Georg Simmel viittasi kirjoituksissaan jo yli sata vuotta sitten. Saman määritelmän kautta tärkeäksi osoittautuu Gilles Deleuzen elokuva-ajattelusta peräisin oleva muotoilu modernista maailmasta metaelokuvana ja liikekuvien konemaisena koosteena, johon aistimuksen, havainnon ja ajattelun prosessit erottamattomasti niveltyvät. Elokuva modernin maisemana on tutkimuskysymys ja kehys, jonka puitteissa työstän tutkielmani analyysiosion käsitteelliset kehittelyt ja keskeiset väittämät. Ennen muuta tämä tarkoittaa kuvan peruskysymyksiä, jotka Deleuze johtaa Aloïs Rieglin kuvataiteen periodisointiin ja Serge Daneyn elokuvahistoriallisiin ja -esteettisiin huomioihin viitaten, sekä Deleuzen omia jäsennyksiä elokuvasta automaattisen liikkeen taiteena. Tässä kehyksessä esimerkkielokuvani – Fritz Langin Metropolis ja Wachowskin veljesten Matrix –osoittautuvat hyödylliseksi ja havainnolliseksi aineistoksi.

I Östra Finland : skizzer och studier : af Severin Falkman - 1 delen : En vecka på Siitola gästgifveri

Severin Falkman (1831-1889) oli ruotsalaissyntyinen taiteilija, jonka käsialaa ovat muun muassa Helsingin yliopiston kirjaston kupolisalin eri tieteenaloja symboloivat lynettipintojen maalaukset. Falkmanin Itä-Suomen matkalla syntynyt kuvateos on itäsuomalaisen maiseman, kansan ja kansatieteellisten esineiden kuvausta kareliaanisessa hengessä. Kansinimeke: I Östra Finland - Itä Suomessa. - För Sverige, Norge och Danmark Carl Suneson, Stockholm

House heating in Finland and Russia

Achievement of house heating efficiency is one of key questions in building construction field. Finland and nothern part of Russia have similar climate conditions that gives a reason for comparation of their house heating approaches. In this work main questions concerned to house heating energy efficiency are studied, building norms and standards of Russia and Finland are studied and compared from heat storage efficiency point of view, review of statistics is done, some different factors influencing house heating energy efficiency are derived.