ESPERANÇAS E DECEPÇÕES Uma análise crítica da Prática Pastoral do neopentecostalismo na Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus sob a perspectiva da Práxis Religiosa

O texto analisa a prática pastoral do neopentecostalismo na Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus. Esta Igreja expandiu-se substancialmente no Brasil, conseguiu arregimentar um número enorme de seguidores e conquistou expressiva visibilidade na mídia. A pesquisa estuda a trajetória histórica do neopentecostalismo, o seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e os aspectos teológicos do movimento. Estuda-se também a Igreja da Graça, sua origem, sua teologia, sua estrutura de governo, seu ministério pastoral e expansão. Por estar inserida dentro do neopentecostalismo, a Igreja da Graça reflete também a sua teologia, que propõe banir a doença, a pobreza e todo o tipo de sofrimento da vida humana, a fim de produzir uma nova geração de fiéis: ricos e saudáveis. De acordo com a sua teologia, o cristão deve viver todo o tempo de sua vida livre de qualquer aspecto negativo da existência humana. Se isso não acontece, é porque ele não tem fé, está sob o poder de Satã ou tem um comportamento que desagrada a Deus. Assim, a marca do verdadeiro cristão é a plena saúde física e emocional, além da prosperidade financeira. Entretanto, a pregação neopentecostal tem produzido desapontamentos, principalmente, quando a cura física não acontece e o dinheiro não aparece. Portanto, esta tese formula uma proposta de prática pastoral de esperança que possibilite aos decepcionados com essa mensagem triunfalista retomarem a vida cristã dentro do seu espaço cristão.(AU)

ESPERANÇAS E DECEPÇÕES Uma análise crítica da Prática Pastoral do neopentecostalismo na Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus sob a perspectiva da Práxis Religiosa

O texto analisa a prática pastoral do neopentecostalismo na Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus. Esta Igreja expandiu-se substancialmente no Brasil, conseguiu arregimentar um número enorme de seguidores e conquistou expressiva visibilidade na mídia. A pesquisa estuda a trajetória histórica do neopentecostalismo, o seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e os aspectos teológicos do movimento. Estuda-se também a Igreja da Graça, sua origem, sua teologia, sua estrutura de governo, seu ministério pastoral e expansão. Por estar inserida dentro do neopentecostalismo, a Igreja da Graça reflete também a sua teologia, que propõe banir a doença, a pobreza e todo o tipo de sofrimento da vida humana, a fim de produzir uma nova geração de fiéis: ricos e saudáveis. De acordo com a sua teologia, o cristão deve viver todo o tempo de sua vida livre de qualquer aspecto negativo da existência humana. Se isso não acontece, é porque ele não tem fé, está sob o poder de Satã ou tem um comportamento que desagrada a Deus. Assim, a marca do verdadeiro cristão é a plena saúde física e emocional, além da prosperidade financeira. Entretanto, a pregação neopentecostal tem produzido desapontamentos, principalmente, quando a cura física não acontece e o dinheiro não aparece. Portanto, esta tese formula uma proposta de prática pastoral de esperança que possibilite aos decepcionados com essa mensagem triunfalista retomarem a vida cristã dentro do seu espaço cristão.(AU)

Critical roles of glycosylphosphatidylinositol for Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for sleeping sickness, evades the immune response of mammalian hosts and digestion in the gut of the insect vector by means of its coat proteins tethered to the cell surface via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. To evaluate the importance of GPI for parasite survival, we cloned and disrupted a trypanosomal gene, TbGPI10, involved in biosynthesis of GPI. TbGPI10 encodes a protein of 558 amino acids having 25% and 23% sequence identity to human PIG-B and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gpi10p, respectively. TbGPI10 restored biosynthesis of GPI in a mouse mutant cell line defective in mouse Pig-b gene. TbGPI10 also rescued the inviability of GPI10-disrupted S. cerevisiae, indicating that TbGPI10 is the orthologue of PIG-B/GPI10 that is involved in the transfer of the third mannose to GPI. The bloodstream form of T. brucei could not lose TbGPI10; therefore, GPI synthesis is essential for growth of mammalian stage parasites. Procyclic form cells (insect stage parasites) lacking the surface coat proteins because of disruption of TbGPI10 are viable and grow slower than normal, provided that they are cultured in nonadherent flasks. In regular flasks, they adhered to the plastic surface and died. Infectivity to tsetse flies is partially impaired, particularly in the early stage. Therefore, parasitespecific inhibition of GPI biosynthesis should be an effective chemotherapy target against African trypanosomiasis.

The surface coat of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei: Programmed expression and proteolytic cleavage of procyclin in the tsetse fly

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing sleeping sickness, is transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. When the tsetse takes a blood meal from an infected human, it ingests bloodstream form trypanosomes that quickly differentiate into procyclic forms within the fly's midgut. During this process, the parasite loses the 107 molecules of variant surface glycoprotein that formed its surface coat, and it develops a new coat composed of several million procyclin molecules. Procyclins, the products of a small multigene family, are glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins containing characteristic amino acid repeats at the C terminus [either EP (EP procyclin, a form of procyclin rich in Glu-Pro repeats) or GPEET (GPEET procyclin, a form of procyclin rich in Glu-Pro-Glu-Glu-Thr repeats)]. We have used a sensitive and accurate mass spectrometry method to analyze the appearance of different procyclins during the establishment of midgut infections in tsetse flies. We found that different procyclin gene products are expressed in an orderly manner. Early in the infection (day 3), GPEET2 is the only procyclin detected. By day 7, however, GPEET2 disappears and is replaced by several isoforms of glycosylated EP, but not the unglycosylated isoform EP2. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the N-terminal domains of all procyclins are quantitatively removed by proteolysis in the fly, but not in culture. These findings suggest that one function of the protease-resistant C-terminal domain, containing the amino acid repeats, is to protect the parasite surface from digestive enzymes in the tsetse fly gut.

Identification of haptoglobin as a natural inhibitor of trypanocidal activity in human serum.

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary importance. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infect humans, causing African sleeping sickness. However, Trypanosoma brucei brucei can only infect animals, causing the disease Nagana in cattle. Man is protected from this subspecies of trypanosomes by a toxic subtype of high density lipoproteins (HDLs) called the trypanosome lytic factor (TLF). The toxic molecule in TLF is believed to be the haptoglobin-related protein that when bound to hemoglobin kills the trypanosome via oxidative damage initiated by its peroxidase activity. The amount of lytic activity in serum varies widely between different individuals with up to a 60-fold difference in activity. In addition, an increase in the total amount of lytic activity occurs during the purification of TLF, suggesting that an inhibitor of TLF (ITLF) exists in human serum. We now show that the individual variation in trypanosome lytic activity in serum correlates to variations in the amount of ITLF. Immunoblots of ITLF probed with antiserum against haptoglobin recognize a 120-kDa protein, indicating that haptoglobin is present in partially purified ITLF. Haptoglobin involvement is further shown in that it inhibits TLF in a manner similar to ITLF. Using an anti-haptoglobin column to remove haptoglobin from ITLF, we show that the loss of haptoglobin coincides with the loss of inhibitor activity. Addition of purified haptoglobin restores inhibitor activity. This indicates that haptoglobin is the molecule responsible for inhibition and therefore causing the individual variation in serum lytic activity.

Molecular and cytotoxic effects of camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, on trypanosomes and Leishmania.

Parasites pose a threat to the health and lives of many millions of human beings. Among the pathogenic protozoa, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani are hemoflagellates that cause particularly serious diseases (sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively). The drugs currently available to treat these infections are limited by marginal efficacy, severe toxicity, and spreading drug resistance. Camptothecin is an established antitumor drug and a well-characterized inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I. When trypanosomes or leishmania are treated with camptothecin and then lysed with SDS, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are cleaved and covalently linked to protein. This is consistent with the existence of drug-sensitive topoisomerase I activity in both compartments. Camptothecin also inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in these parasites. These molecular effects are cytotoxic to cells in vitro, with EC50 values for T. brucei, T. cruzi, and L. donovani, of 1.5, 1.6, and 3.2 microM, respectively. For these parasites, camptothecin is an important lead for much-needed new chemotherapy, as well as a valuable tool for studying topoisomerase I activity.

Managing Layoff Survivors

‰Û÷Survivor syndrome' or negative consequences of a layoff on survivors is the key reason why layoffs fail. This Capstone Project draws on downsizing-related research and proposes a customizable plan to revitalize the surviving workforce after a downsizing initiative. The plan divides downsizing-related interventions into three phases: pre-downsizing, day of the announcement, and post-downsizing. Key elements of this plan include linking the plan to a revised vision, detailed planning of the process, open, two-way communication systems, employee involvement in all stages of the process, respectable treatment of departing employees, plans to support survivors, training frontline managers, and implementing a top talent retention strategy. The Capstone also addresses roles and responsibilities of leaders, HR professionals, and managers in the survivor management process.

Functional outcomes after stabilization with Dynesys in patients with spinal degenerative diseases

Objective: To know the impact of the Dynesys system on the functional outcomes in patients with spinal degenerative diseases. Summary of background data: Dynesys system has been proposed as an alternative to vertebral fusion for several spinal degenerative diseases. The fact that it has been used in people with different diagnosis criteria using different tools to measure clinical outcomes makes very difficult unifying the results available nowadays. Methods: The data base of Medlars Online International Literature (MEDLINE) via PubMed©, EMBASE©, and the Cochrane Library Plus were reviewed in search of all the studies published until November 2012 in which an operation with Dynesys in patients with spinal degenerative diseases and an evaluation of the results by an analysis of functional outcomes had taken place. No limits were used to article type, date of publication or language. Results: A total of 134 articles were found, 26 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria after being assessed by two reviewers. All of them were case series, except for a multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) and a prospective case-control study. The selected articles made a total of 1507 cases. The most frequent diagnosis were lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS), degenerative disc disease (DDD), degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and lumbar degenerative scoliosis (LDS). In cases of lumbar spinal canal stenosis Dynesys was associated to surgical decompression. Several tools to measure the functional disability and general health status were found. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the ODI Korean version (K-Odi), Prolo, Sf-36, Sf-12, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), and the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were the most used. They showed positive results in all cases series reviewed. In most studies the ODI decreased about 25% (e.g. from a score of 85% to 60%). Better results when dynamic fusion was combined with nerve root decompression were found. Functional outcomes and leg pain scores with Dynesys were statistically non-inferior to posterolateral spinal fusion using autogenous bone. When Dynesys and decompression was compared with posterior interbody lumbar fixation (PLIF) and decompression, differences in ODI and VAS were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In patients with spinal degenerative diseases due to degenerative disc disorders, spinal canal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis, surgery with Dynesys and decompression improves functional outcomes, decreases disability, and reduces back and leg pain. More studies are needed to conclude that dynamic stabilization is better than posterolateral and posterior interbody lumbar fusion. Studies comparing Dynesys with decompression against decompression alone should be done in order to isolate the effect of the dynamic stabilization.

Adjustable compression method for still JPEG images

There are a large number of image processing applications that work with different performance requirements and available resources. Recent advances in image compression focus on reducing image size and processing time, but offer no real-time solutions for providing time/quality flexibility of the resulting image, such as using them to transmit the image contents of web pages. In this paper we propose a method for encoding still images based on the JPEG standard that allows the compression/decompression time cost and image quality to be adjusted to the needs of each application and to the bandwidth conditions of the network. The real-time control is based on a collection of adjustable parameters relating both to aspects of implementation and to the hardware with which the algorithm is processed. The proposed encoding system is evaluated in terms of compression ratio, processing delay and quality of the compressed image when compared with the standard method.

Absence notes, 1797-1800

Five short handwritten notes from Loammi Baldwin to the Harvard Faculty excusing his son for absences from College. The excuses were written on September 9, 1797 for sickness; September 23, 1797; February 10, 1798; February 19, 1799 due to the illness of Mrs. Baldwin; and March 23, 1800 due to weather.

Notebook of John Allen, 1772

Paper-covered notebook containing handwritten poems and verse by Harvard graduate John Allen. Some of the poems refer to Allen’s illnesses in October 1772. The notebook also contains a short list titled “The Gentleman that I wrote diplomas for," with a list of sixteen individuals who received degrees from Harvard. The inside cover includes the inscription: “John Allen – November 4, 1772. Poetic Composition.” “Dr. T. C. Gilman” is stamped on cover.

Letter from Samuel Willard, Deerfield, Massachusetts, to William Willard and Katherine Willard, Petersham, Massachusetts, March 11, 1810

Willard mentions that he has been anxious because he has heard that “there was such a dreadful sickness in…Petersham, but I have not been able to learn many particulars about it,” and asks for news. He also comments on the weather and lack of snow throughout the past winter.

Letter from Samuel Willard, Deerfield, Massachusetts, to Catherine Willard, Petersham, Massachusetts, March 7, 1814

Willard mentions that there is a sickness going around town and that three people have died as a result, with others feeling “dangerous sick.” He also discusses “Dr. [Joseph] Lyman’s pamphlet” and ongoing issues with the council at Greenfield. Included in the letter is a message from Samuel’s wife, Susan Willard, to Catherine, in which she provides pleasantries and mentions the family’s good health in spite of the town’s sicknesses.

Receipt, 1746 April 26

Handwritten receipt signed by John Barrett acknowledging payment by Andrew Bordman with money granted him by the General Court due to "his sickness since he Returned from Cape Britton" and delivered by Captain Osburn and others from the Committee of War.

A depressão na prespectiva da neuroinflamação

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014