El diminutivo en el español de Santo Domingo

Esta investigación analiza el uso del sufijo diminutivo en un corpus oral de jóvenes de la República Dominicana. El material procede de la transcripción de veinte entrevistas orales realizadas en los años noventa en Santo Domingo. En este estudio se realiza un análisis de las ocurrencias documentadas, su morfología, sus preferencias en cuanto a la selección de las clases de palabras que se toman como base para la formación de diminutivos, sus posibles valores semánticos y comunicativos, y, por último, se determina la frecuencia de uso del diminutivo en función del sexo de los hablantes.

Interpretation and typology Spanish indefinite pronoun uno in three discoursive genres

This study investigates the Spanish indefinite pronoun uno (“one”). After a detailed analysis of its occurrences in authentic language, we find that its interpretation varies depending on the linguistic context. Therefore, we examine which elements of the context - we focus on the broader context, beyond the sentence – have an impact on its interpretation and develop a typology of the indefinite pronoun as to its interpretation. The pronoun may be interpreted as completely generic or specific (referring to the speaker, the listener or a third person). Its interpretation can also be located in an intermediate position between these interpretive extremes.In addition, we compare its use in various discursive genres - spontaneous conversations, academic essays and web forum - which are distinguished by the presence or absence of interactivity and of more or less subjectivity / intersubjectivity. The comparison shows that pronoun use depends on these characteristics.

Direct spun aligned carbon nanotube web-reinforced proton exchange membranes for fuel cells

A new method combining electrospinning of SPEEK and direct spinning of CNT forests has been used to prepare sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/directly spinnable carbon nanotube (dsCNT) composite proton exchange membranes. The SPEEK/dsCNT membrane is more robust than SPEEK alone, and in a fuel cell significantly outperforms both SPEEK and the commercial Nafion 212 membranes.

Multilayered graphene films prepared at moderate temperatures using energetic physical vapour deposition

Carbon films were energetically deposited onto copper and nickel foil using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition system. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy showed that graphene films of uniform thickness with up to 10 layers can be deposited onto copper foil at moderate temperatures of 750 C. The resulting films, which can be prepared at high deposition rates, were comparable to graphene films grown at 1050 C using chemical vapour deposition (CVD). This difference in growth temperature is attributed to dynamic annealing which occurs as the film grows from the energetic carbon flux. In the case of nickel substrates, it was found that graphene films can also be prepared at moderate substrate temperatures. However much higher carbon doses were required, indicating that the growth mode differs between substrates as observed in CVD grown graphene. The films deposited onto nickel were also highly non uniform in thickness, indicating that the grain structure of the nickel substrate influenced the growth of graphene layers. 

La stimulation de la cétogenèse par la prise de différents suppléments alimentaires : carnitine, leucine, butyrate et monoglycéride d’octanoate

Introduction : Un hypométabolisme du glucose au cerveau peut apparaître des décennies avant le diagnostic de maladie d’Alzheimer. Pourtant, le métabolisme des cétones, le carburant alternatif principal au glucose, n’est pas altéré, autant chez les personnes plus âgées que chez les personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Les méthodes connues (diète cétogène, jeûne, huile de triglycérides de moyennes chaînes) pour augmenter la production de cétones comportent leurs inconvénients. L’objectif de ces projets était de vérifier l’efficacité de produits commerciaux vendus à cet effet et d’évaluer d’autres molécules qui pourraient être utilisées pour leur propriété cétogène. Ce sont des suppléments alimentaires pouvant servir de substrat pour la cétogenèse (butyrate, monoglycéride d’octanoate (O-MAG), leucine) ou de facilitateur du transport des acides gras (carnitine). Méthodes : Pour ce faire, les participants devaient se présenter au laboratoire pour plusieurs demi-journées d’étude d’une durée de 4 heures. Lors de ces journées, un des suppléments leur était servi avec un déjeuner et des prises de sang étaient effectuées toutes les 30 minutes. Résultats : Le produit commercial contenant des MCT, le butyrate, l’O-MAG et la leucine ont permis d’augmenter respectivement les concentrations maximales en cétones plasmatiques de 568, 226, 67 et 70 µmol/L (p≤0,05) par rapport au contrôle. De plus, la concentration plasmatique en octanoate était corrélée significativement avec la concentration sanguine d’acétoacétate (r=0,85 ; p <0,0001) et de β-hydroxybutyrate (r=0,58 ; p=0,01). L’aire sous la courbe par gramme de produit ingéré montre que le butyrate était le supplément cétogène le plus efficace et était plus cétogène que le produit commercial, l’O-MAG et la leucine (p=0,009). Discussion : Le butyrate était 3 fois plus cétogène que tous les autres suppléments testés. Par contre, son ingestion a causé quelques effets secondaires à certains participants. La leucine a été le seul supplément à ne créer aucun inconfort chez les participants. Il faudrait donc étudier la possibilité de combiner plusieurs molécules dans un supplément chimiquement pensé pour être le plus efficace possible et pour être intéressant lors d’une utilisation quotidienne.

Voltage and current spectra for matrix power converters

Matrix power converters are used for transforming one alternating-current power supply to another, with different peak voltage and frequency. There are three input lines, with sinusoidally varying voltages which are 120◦ out of phase one from another, and the output is to be delivered as a similar three-phase supply. The matrix converter switches rapidly, to connect each output line in sequence to each of the input lines in an attempt to synthesize the prescribed output voltages. The switching is carried out at high frequency and it is of practical importance to know the frequency spectra of the output voltages and of the input and output currents. We determine in this paper these spectra using a new method, which has significant advantages over the prior default method (a multiple Fourier series technique), leading to a considerably more direct calculation. In particular, the determination of the input current spectrum is feasible here, whereas it would be a significantly more daunting procedure using the prior method instead.

EVIDENCE FOR MECHANICAL STRAINS INFLUENCE IN OSTEOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT

Purpose: Osteophytes are osteo-cartilaginous metaplastic tissue outgrowths of bone capped by cartilage usually found in degenerative and inflammatory joint disease. The presence and degree of maturity of osteophytes, along with joint space narrowing, are the main radiographic criteria for diagnosis and grading osteoarthritis (OA). Although osteophytes are known for being anatomic signs of advanced OA, they can occur in non-symptomatic joints, in joints with no other observable alterations, and in early stage OA. It remains unclear if they develop from molecular, physiological and/or mechanical stimuli. We hypothesized that mechanical strains play a role in osteophyte development. The overall objective of this thesis was to find evidence that osteophytes are influenced by mechanical strains. Methods: The first project was to develop a mechanically-induced osteophyte animal model. One single impact load that was reported to induce moderate joint damage was applied to the periosteum of the rat knee. Animals were sacrificed at four time points to characterize the evolution of damaged tissue and the joint by histology. A second study using human mature hip osteophytes was conducted to evaluate if mature osteophyte presented histological signs of proliferating and developmental processes. The histological characterization of mature osteophyte was used to compare findings of the mechanically-induced osteophyte in the animal model to validate the use of this rodent model in studying some aspect of osteophyte development of human. Lastly, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) radiological morphometric analysis was performed on microscopic computed tomography (µCT) scanned femoral heads collected from total hip arthroplasty patients presenting mature hip osteophytes. Quantitative morphometric measures of osteophytes internal structure was compared to three regions of the femoral head of known quality of organisation and mechanical constraint. Results and Conclusion: Osteophyte can be mechanically induced by a single load impact to the joint periosteum, indicating that a moderate trauma to the periosteal layer of the joint may play a role in osteophyte development. Mature osteophytes have proliferation, developing and remodelling zones and have trabecular structures. Mechanically-induced osteophytes and mature osteophytes presented similar histological composition. Mature osteophytes have organized internal structure. These results provide evidence that mechanical strain can influence osteophyte development.

Caracterización y prevalencia del compromiso ocular en pacientes con enfermedad autoinmune y autoinflamatoria en un centro de referencia reumatológica en Colombia entre los años 2000 a 2015

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de las diferentes enfermedades oftalmológicas que aparecen en el contexto de una enfermedad autoinmune (EAI) en pacientes de un centro de referencia reumatológica en Colombia, según características clínicas y sociodemográficas durante un período de 15 años, comprendido entre los años 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional de prevalencia. El tipo de muestreo fue aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional en el programa Epidat 3.4. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS v22.0 y se realizó análisis univariado de las variables categóricas, para las variables cuantitativas se realizaron medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: De 1640 historias clínicas revisadas, se encontraron 634 pacientes (38,65%) con compromiso ocular. Si excluimos los pacientes con SS, que por definición presentan ojo seco, 222 pacientes (13,53%) presentaron compromiso oftalmológico. Del total de pacientes, el 83,3% fueron mujeres. La AR fue la enfermedad autoinmune con mayor compromiso oftalmológico con 138 pacientes (62,2%), y en último lugar la sarcoidosis con 1 solo paciente afectado. La QCS fue la manifestación más común en todos los grupos diagnósticos de EAI, con 146 pacientes (63,5%). De 414 pacientes con Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) y QCS 8 presentaron compromiso ocular adicional, siendo la uveítis la segunda patología ocular asociada en pacientes con SS y la primera causa en las espondiloartropatias (71,4 %). Los pacientes con catarata (4,1%) presentaron la mayor prevalencia de uso de corticoide (88.8%). De 222 pacientes, 28 (12,6%) presentaron uveítis. Del total de pacientes, 16 (7,2%) presentaron maculopatía por antimalaráricos y 6 (18,75%) de los pacientes con LES. Los ANAS se presentaron en el 100% los pacientes con trastorno vascular de la retina. Los pacientes con epiescleritis presentaron la mayor proporción de positivización de anticuerpos anti-DNA. La EAI que más presentó epiescleritis fue LES con 4 pacientes (12,5%) El 22% de paciente con anticuerpos anti-RNP presentaron escleritis y 32,1% de los pacientes con uveítis presentaron HLA-B27 positivo. Las manifestaciones oftalmológicas precedieron a las sistémicas entre un 11,1% y un 33,3% de los pacientes. Conclusión: Las enfermedades oculares se presentan con frecuencia en los pacientes colombianos con EAI (38.65%), siendo la AR la enfermedad con mayor compromiso ocular (62,2%) y la QCS la enfermedad ocular con mayor prevalencia en todas las EAI (63,5%). La uveítis se presentó en 28 pacientes (12,6%). Las manifestaciones oftalmológicas pueden preceder a las sistémicas. El examen oftalmológico debe ser incluido en los pacientes con EAI, por ser la enfermedad ocular una comorbilidad frecuente. Adicionalmente, los efectos oftalmológicos de las medicaciones sistémicas utilizadas en EAI deben ser estrechamente monitorizados, durante el curso del tratamiento.

Boletim de Cultura da Câmara Municipal de Évora, A Cidade de Évora

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) confirma-se como o compositor modelar para uma avaliação dos circuitos cosmopolitas da música instrumental ao mais alto nível da aristocracia, complementando alianças e compromissos selados pela partilha de um gosto musical. Entre outros estudos, refiram-se as conclusões recentes de Stephen C. Fischer sobre a circulação das Sinfonias de Haydn em Espanha. Neste trabalho o musicólogo demonstra que a corte, a Casa de Alba e a Casa de Osuna y Benavente estavam entre as Livrarias da aristocracia europeia que recebiam novas obras de Haydn por via directa do compositor em finais do século XVIII. Em Portugal também a reputação da música de Franz Joseph Haydn se situou ao mais alto nível no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1780 e de 1820, tanto na sinfonia, como música de câmara, sobretudo para tecla.

Arguments of the defendants' counsel, and the judgment of the Supreme Court, U.S., in the case of Vidal and another, complainants and appellants, versus the mayor, c., of Philadelphia, the executors of S. Girard, and others, defendants appellees [microform] : January term, 1844. : to which is added the will of Stephen Girard /

Vidal, et al., versus the city of Philadelphia -- Argument of Horace Binney, Esq., for defendants -- Argument of John Sergeant, Esq. -- Opinion, Supreme Court of the United States, January term, 1844 -- The will of the late Stephen Girard.

Arguments of the defendants' counsel, and judgment of the Supreme court, U.S. in the case of Vidal and another, complainants and appellants, versus the mayor, &c. of Philadelphia, the executors of S. Girard, [et al.], defendants & appellees. January term, 1844. To which is added the will of Stephen Girard. Printed by order of the Commissioners of the Girard estates.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Edinburgh review and the West Indies : with observations on the pamphlets of Messrs. Stephen, Macaulay, &c. and remarks on the slave registry bill /

Mode of access: Internet.