Limitantes inferiores par ao problema de dimensionamento de lotes em máquinas paralelas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um estudo dos efeitos da atuação de um SVC sobre as interações entre máquinas de um sistema de potência multimáquinas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sistema baseado em software livre para reconhecimento de fala em nuvem em português brasileiro com alta disponibilidade

Este trabalho visa propor uma solução contendo um sistema de reconhecimento de fala automático em nuvem. Dessa forma, não há necessidade de um reconhecedor sendo executado na própria máquina cliente, pois o mesmo estará disponível através da Internet. Além do reconhecimento automático de voz em nuvem, outra vertente deste trabalho é alta disponibilidade. A importância desse tópico se d´a porque o ambiente servidor onde se planeja executar o reconhecimento em nuvem não pode ficar indisponível ao usuário. Dos vários aspectos que requerem robustez, tal como a própria conexão de Internet, o escopo desse trabalho foi definido como os softwares livres que permitem a empresas aumentarem a disponibilidade de seus serviços. Dentre os resultados alcançados e para as condições simuladas, mostrou-se que o reconhecedor de voz em nuvem desenvolvido pelo grupo atingiu um desempenho próximo ao do Google.

Redução de tempo de setup de uma máquina de encartuchamento pela técnica SMED

Currently the market requires companies to adapt for they can have the lowest possible cost in their manufacturing, be it a good or service, thus obtaining a greater profit. For this profit the Toyota Production System applies lean manufacturing practices actions with reduced spending, smaller lots and stocks, generated by market demand. The technique allows SMED with few actions, changes and investments that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. This case study shows that only with standardization and use of inexpensive improvements, could reduce setup time on a machine for 70 minutes to time of approximately 48 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the viability of the tool presented

Relaxação Lagrangiana Aplicada ao Problema de Dimensionamento de Lotes em Máquinas Paralelas: Limitantes Inferiores

This paper addresses the single stage lot-sizing problem in parallel machines. Each item can be produced on any machine, and incurs a setup time before to start the production. The objective of this paper is to obtain lower bounds of good quality for this problem. A solution method is developed based on a reformulation of the problem and the Lagrangian relaxation of a set of constraints. Some computational results are presented comparing the proposed method with a method from the literature and with a computational package.

A photophysical study of excited state dynamics in donor-acceptor copolymer photovoltaic blends

This thesis deals with the investigation of charge generation and recombination processes in three different polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blends by means of ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The first donor polymer, namely poly[N-11"-henicosanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT), is a mid-bandgap polymer, the other two materials are the low-bandgap donor polymers poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) and poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl] (PSBTBT). Despite their broader absorption, the low-bandgap polymers do not show enhanced photovoltaic efficiencies compared to the mid-bandgap system.rnrnTransient absorption spectroscopy revealed that energetic disorder plays an important role in the photophysics of PCDTBT, and that in a blend with PCBM geminate losses are small. The photophysics of the low-bandgap system PCPDTBT were strongly altered by adding a high boiling point cosolvent to the polymer:fullerene blend due to a partial demixing of the materials. We observed an increase in device performance together with a reduction of geminate recombination upon addition of the cosolvent. By applying model-free multi-variate curve resolution to the spectroscopic data, we found that fast non-geminate recombination due to polymer triplet state formation is a limiting loss channel in the low-bandgap material system PCPDTBT, whereas in PSBTBT triplet formation has a smaller impact on device performance, and thus higher efficiencies are obtained.rn

The prevention of catheter related bloodstream infections in a pediatric population

Catheter related bloodstream infections are a significant barrier to success in many inpatient healthcare facilities. The goal of this study was to analyze and determine if an evidence based methodology to reduce the number of catheter related bloodstream infections in a pediatric inpatient healthcare facility had significant impact on the infection rate. Catheter related bloodstream infection rates were compared before and after program implementation. The patient population was selected based upon a recommendation in the 2010 National Healthcare Safety Network report on device related infections. This report indicated a need for more data on pediatric populations requiring admission to a long term care facility. The study design is a retrospective cohort study. Catheter related bloodstream infection data was gathered between 2008 and 2011. In October of 2008 a program implementation began to reduce the number of catheter related bloodstream infections. The key components of this initiative were to implement a standardized catheter maintenance checklist, introduce the usage of a chlorhexadine gluconate based product for catheter maintenance and skin antisepsis, and a multidisciplinary education plan that focused on hand hygiene and aseptic technique. The catheter related bloodstream infection rate in 2008 was 21.21 infections per 1000 patient-line days. After program implementation the 2009 catheter related bloodstream infection rate dropped to 1.11 per 1000 patient-line days. The infection rates in 2010 and 2011 were 2.19 and 1.47 respectively. Additionally, this study demonstrated that there was a potential cost savings of $620,000 to $1,240,000 between 2008 and 2009. In conclusion, an evidence based program based upon CDC guidelines can have a significant impact on catheter related bloodstream infection rates. ^

Belmiro, o realismo e a fotografia ou a significaçâo da insignificancia

El ensayo apunta a pensar los cuadros realistas de Belmiro de Almeida a la luz de las teorías de Jacques Rancière, para quien el realismo literario del siglo XIX produce las condiciones de posibilidad para la fotografía y el cine. De este modo, se desplaza el foco de los análisis de la máquina (fotográfica o cinematográfica), más allá de reposicionarse el realismo como punto de articulación del régimen poético al régimen estético.

Belmiro, o realismo e a fotografia ou a significaçâo da insignificancia

El ensayo apunta a pensar los cuadros realistas de Belmiro de Almeida a la luz de las teorías de Jacques Rancière, para quien el realismo literario del siglo XIX produce las condiciones de posibilidad para la fotografía y el cine. De este modo, se desplaza el foco de los análisis de la máquina (fotográfica o cinematográfica), más allá de reposicionarse el realismo como punto de articulación del régimen poético al régimen estético.

Belmiro, o realismo e a fotografia ou a significaçâo da insignificancia

El ensayo apunta a pensar los cuadros realistas de Belmiro de Almeida a la luz de las teorías de Jacques Rancière, para quien el realismo literario del siglo XIX produce las condiciones de posibilidad para la fotografía y el cine. De este modo, se desplaza el foco de los análisis de la máquina (fotográfica o cinematográfica), más allá de reposicionarse el realismo como punto de articulación del régimen poético al régimen estético.

UPM system for the translation task

This paper describes the UPM system for translation task at the EMNLP 2011 workshop on statistical machine translation (http://www.statmt.org/wmt11/), and it has been used for both directions: Spanish-English and English-Spanish. This system is based on Moses with two new modules for pre and post processing the sentences. The main contribution is the method proposed (based on the similarity with the source language test set) for selecting the sentences for training the models and adjusting the weights. With system, we have obtained a 23.2 BLEU for Spanish-English and 21.7 BLEU for EnglishSpanish

Architecture for text normalization using statistical machine translation techniques

This paper proposes an architecture, based on statistical machine translation, for developing the text normalization module of a text to speech conversion system. The main target is to generate a language independent text normalization module, based on data and flexible enough to deal with all situa-tions presented in this task. The proposed architecture is composed by three main modules: a tokenizer module for splitting the text input into a token graph (tokenization), a phrase-based translation module (token translation) and a post-processing module for removing some tokens. This paper presents initial exper-iments for numbers and abbreviations. The very good results obtained validate the proposed architecture.

UPM system for WMT 2012

This paper describes the UPM system for the Spanish-English translation task at the NAACL 2012 workshop on statistical machine translation. This system is based on Moses. We have used all available free corpora, cleaning and deleting some repetitions. In this paper, we also propose a technique for selecting the sentences for tuning the system. This technique is based on the similarity with the sentences to translate. With our approach, we improve the BLEU score from 28.37% to 28.57%. And as a result of the WMT12 challenge we have obtained a 31.80% BLEU with the 2012 test set. Finally, we explain different experiments that we have carried out after the competition.

Multilingual number transcription for text-to-speech conversion

This paper describes the text normalization module of a text to speech fully-trainable conversion system and its application to number transcription. The main target is to generate a language independent text normalization module, based on data instead of on expert rules. This paper proposes a general architecture based on statistical machine translation techniques. This proposal is composed of three main modules: a tokenizer for splitting the text input into a token graph, a phrase-based translation module for token translation, and a post-processing module for removing some tokens. This architecture has been evaluated for number transcription in several languages: English, Spanish and Romanian. Number transcription is an important aspect in the text normalization problem.

Modelo de concurrencia de ADA: implementación y sus implicaciones en el interfaz con el entorno

El principal problema que impide actualmente una mayor utilización de las máquinas paralelas es la falta de herramientas de programación que permitan generar programas transportables a máquinas con diferentes prestaciones. En este trabajo se ha estudiado si los lenguajes con paralelismo explícito cumplen este requisito y son, por lo tanto, adecuados para programar este tipo de máquinas. El exceso de paralelismo, esto es, el uso de mayor paralelismo en el programa que el proporcionado por la máquina para esconder la latencia en la comunicación, se presenta en este trabajo como una solución a los problemas de eficiencia de los programas con paralelismo explícito cuando se ejecutan en máquinas que no tienen una granularidad adecuada. Con esta técnica, por lo tanto, los programas escritos con estos lenguajes pueden transportarse con eficiencia a diferentes máquinas. Para llevar a cabo el estudio de los lenguajes con paralelismo explícito, se ha desarrollado un modelo abstracto de paralelismo, en el cual un sistema está formado por una jerarquía de máquinas virtuales paralelas. Este modelo permite realizar un análisis genérico de la implementación de este tipo de lenguajes, ya sea sobre una máquina con sistema operativo o directamente sobre la máquina física. Este análisis genérico se ha aplicado a un lenguaje de este tipo, el lenguaje Ada. Se han estudiado las características específicas de Ada que pueden influir en la implementación eficiente del lenguaje, analizando también la propuesta de modificación del lenguaje correspondiente al proceso de revisión Ada 9X. Dentro del marco del modelo de paralelismo, se analiza también la problemática específica de las implementaciones del lenguaje sobre el sistema operativo. En este tipo de implementaciones, las interacciones de un programa con el entorno externo pueden causar ciertos problemas, como el bloqueo del proceso correspondiente del sistema operativo, que disminuyen el rendimiento del programa. Se analizan estos problemas y se proponen soluciones a los mismos. Se desarrolla en profundidad un ejemplo de este tipo de problemas: El acceso al estándar gráfico GKS desde Ada.---ABSTRACT---The major obstacle to the widespread utilization of the parallel machines is the lack of programming tools allowing the development of software portable between machines with different performance. This dissertation analyzes whether languages with explicit parallelism fulfil this requirement. The approach of using programs with more parallelism than available on the machine (parallel slackness) is presented. This technique can solve the efficiency problems appearing in the execution of programs with explicit parallelism over machines with a too coarse granularity. Therefore, with this approach programs can run efficiently on different machines. A new abstract model of parallelism allowing the generic study of the implementation of languages with explicit parallelism is developed. In this model, a parallel system is described by a hierarchy of parallel virtual machines. This generic analysis is applied to Ada language. Ada specific features with problematic implementation are identified and analyzed. The change proposals to Ada language in the frame of Ada 9X revisión process are also analyzed. The specific problematic of the language implementation on top of the operating system is studied under the scope of the parallelism model. With this kind of implementation, program interactions with extemal environments can lead to problems, like the blocking of the corresponding operating system process, decreasing the program execution performance. A practical example of this kind of problems, the access to GKS (Graphic Kernel System) from Ada programs, is analyzed and the implemented solution is described.