Reações hansênicas em pacientes coinfectados com HIV/Hanseníase: Clínica e ibmunopatologia

O Brasil é um dos poucos países que permanece endêmico para a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e hanseníase, e estas doenças têm grande impacto em custos sociais e em qualidade de vida. Embora seja reconhecida a relevância desta coinfecção, vários aspectos ainda não são totalmente compreendidos. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e imunopatológicos dos estados reacionais de pacientes coinfectados HIV/hanseníase, comparando-os aos pacientes com hanseníase, sem HIV. Foram acompanhados, dois grupos: (1) com 40 pacientes coinfectados HIV/hanseníase; (2) com 107 pacientes com hanseníase. Prevaleceram indivíduos do sexo masculino em ambos os grupos. No Grupo 1, a maioria eram paucibacilar (70%), na forma borderline tuberculóide (45%) e com menor risco de ter reação hansênica em relação aos não coinfectados. Todos os coinfectados que apresentaram reação hansênica (n= 15) estavam em uso de Terapia Anti-retroviral (TARV), e a maioria no estado de aids (n=14), sendo a Síndrome da Reconstituição Imune (SRI) uma condição clínica marcadamente importante em muitos destes pacientes (n=7). No grupo dos não coinfectados, o padrão de infecção da maioria foi multibacilar (80.4%), forma borderline-borderline (40.2%), e com Risco Relativo maior de apresentar reações hansênicas (p = 0,0026). A reação reversa foi a mais frequente em ambos os grupos. No grupo de coinfectados observaram-se lesões dermatológicas com aspecto de acordo com o esperado para cada forma clínica, em geral, eritemato infiltradas, com evolução semelhante aos sem coinfecção. O edema na derme foi o achado histopatológico mais comum em ambos os grupos. No Grupo 1, foram encontradas células gigantes, em todos os histopatológicos e em maior quantidade (2+) e de tamanho grande. A morfologia do eritema nodoso hansênico não apresentou diferenças significantes entre os grupos, assim como a expressão de IL-1β e IL-6. Este estudo corrobora com as hipóteses de que o quadro clínico e imunopatológico das reações nestes pacientes é um quadro inflamatório ativo, e não de anergia, semelhante ao encontrado nos não coinfectados.

Bicentenário de Cuiabá: rememoração e invenção do passado. O instituto histórico e geográfico de Mato Grosso, Virgílio Corrêa Filho: a invenção da modernidade em Mato Grosso e sua inserção no projeto de reconstrução da nação e da nacionalidade – 1919 a 1969.

O presente artigo pretende evidenciar o papel do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Mato Grosso (IHGMT) e sua atuação na reconstituição do passado de Mato Grosso, com o fim de verificar sua inserção no projeto de construção da identidade nacional e da nação, entre 1919 e 1969. Considera-se esses anos como marco temporal, entre a fundação do Instituto e a publicação da obra de Virgílio Correa Filho, História de Mato Grosso. O objetivo é dar visibilidade às práticas discursivas que tornaram possíveis as operações historiográficas, que ao reorganizar o passado silencia as diferenças redistribuindo os corpos, destituídos de seus tumultos, em um não-lugar, por uma escrita que faz falar calando.

Sons e imagens do rádio: A era do rádio

Radio Days de Woody Allen est un film de mémoire: le narrateur ressouvient sa enfance et l´influence du radio dans les années 1940 dans le quotidien dans sa famille. Ce film n´est pas une simple reconstitution historique mais un document pour l´histoire, document visuel en potentiel étudié dans les relations cinema, histoire et mémoire. Dans cette perspective l´analyse filmique discute le méthode suggéré par Marc Ferro pour l´analyse du document d´images en mouvement. Le film est, dans nos cas, un écrivain d´histoire et en même temps un support pour la mémoire: mémoire étendu pour Jacques Le Goff et experience collective pour Walter Benjamin.

Discurso e imagem: transformações do cânone visual nas mídias digitais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lutas ecossociais no contexto do agronegócio canavieiro: (re)ordenação social nas lutas contra a queima de cana-de-açúcar e por uma reforma agrária ambientalizada. -

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Análise da paisagem cultural do Sítio Arqueológico Turvo V-B

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Política e Ritual: a faina missionária beneditina entre os Makuxi no vale do Rio Branco

This paper deals with a reconstruction of the Benedictine missionary work in the Rio Branco valley (1909-1947), referenced to the relations established between the monks from the Monastery of São Bento do Rio de Janeiro and Macushi, people of Carib linguistic affiliation in the Guiana region. Such reconstitution reveals the tone of relations between the Indians and missionaries on the ritual production, seeking to interpret its possible meanings.

Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy-based products commercially available in Brazil

To assess the fluoride (F) content in commercially available milk formulae in Brazil and to estimate the F intake in children from this source in the first year of life. Samples of cow's milk (n = 51), infant formulae (n = 15), powdered milk (n = 13), and soy-based products (n = 4) purchased in Araçatuba (Brazil) had their F content measured using an ion-specific electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Powdered milk and infant formulae were reconstituted with deionized water, while ready-to-drink products were analyzed without any dilution. Using average infant body masses and suggested volumes of formula consumption for infants 1-12 months of age, possible F ingestion per body mass was estimated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Mean F content ranged from 0.02 to 2.52 mg/L in all samples. None of the cow's milk provided F intake higher than 0.07 mg/kg. However, two infant formulae, one powdered milk, and one soy-milk led to a daily F intake above the suggested threshold for fluorosis when reconstituted with deionized water. Assuming reconstitution of products with tap water at 0.7 ppm F, two infant formulae, five powdered milk, and four soymilks led to daily F intake ranging from 0.108 to 0.851 mg/kg. The results suggest that the consumption of some brands of infant formulae, powdered milk, and soy-based milk in the first year of age could increase the risk of dental fluorosis, reinforcing the need for periodic surveillance of the F content of foods and beverages typically consumed by young children.

The briefing in paleodesign: selection and arrangement of data for the reconstruction of Paleovertebrates

Representing visually the external appearance of an extinct animal requires, for a reasonably reliable and expressive reconstitution, a good compilation and arrangement of the scientific conclusions on the fossil findings. It is proposed in this work an initial model of a briefing to be applied in a paleodesign process of a paleovertebrate. Briefing can be understood as a gathering of all necessary data to perform a project. We point out what must be known about the relevant structures in order to access all the data and the importance of such information. It is expected that the present briefing suggested might be faced with flexibility, serving as a facilitating interface of the relation between paleoartists and paleontologists.

Paricipation in Bauru marter plans, Brazil: analysis of the historical evolution of the consultation process

In Brazil, a policy on citizen participation and consultation in urban intervention programs, in particular in the development of master plans, was first introduced into the Federal Constitution in 1988. This article presents an historical reconstitution of Master Plans in Bauru – State of São Paulo – Brazil. The 1968, 1988 and 2005/2006 consultation methods are analyzed using established criteria. The degree of community participation in the processes is estimated by drawing on a typology based on the level of involvement by residents. The effects of participation caused by changes in political regime, technical planning vision, legal support to consultation, recognition of community importance and knowledge acquired during the process are highlighted and discussed.

El papel de la institución en el escoger, acoger y acompañar al profesor universitario

Objective. To analyze the role of the institution in choosing, receiving and chaperone professors. Methodology. Qualitative study, which body analysis was composed of 32 participations in a thematic forum of a group of nine health professionals. Results. After professor hiring it is necessary to receive and chaperone him. Professors with longer time in the institution represent a more important role in the admission of the new professor. Chaperone process is an opportunity to change and redefine the rules, and should be supported by permanent evaluation. The university as a legitimate learning scenario, production and knowledge reconstitution, should accompany changes of contemporary science and support the interdisciplinary demands in the new knowledge construction. Conclusion. It is fundamental the role of the university receiving and chaperoning teachers from joining. As well university should favor the growth of the professor, not only by supporting the challenges of their pedagogic activity, but mainly through the respect of autonomy.

Psicologia social e etnografia: histórico e possibilidades de contato

A etnografia pode ser definida como um método de pesquisa qualitativa que visa a descrição e o entendimento integrativo de fenômenos socioculturais presentes em grupos ou comunidades particulares de acordo com os próprios termos e atitudes daqueles que os vivenciam cotidianamente. Ao se voltar especificamente para esta dimensão ao mesmo tempo metodológica e ética da etnografia, o presente artigo adota como objetivo principal a realização de uma reconstituição histórica direcionada à reapropriação desta modalidade de estudos de campo por parte da Psicologia Social norte-americana e brasileira. Para tanto, focaliza um momento e uma instituição específicos: a primeira metade do século XX e a Escola Sociológica de Chicago, a qual aparece pensada aqui a partir de aspectos da vida e da obra de três dos seus principais representantes: Robert Park, George Mead e Donald Pierson. De maneira conclusiva, o artigo debate algumas das especificidades da prática etnográfica e, unindo passado e presente, defende a pertinência da sua utilização na contemporaneidade da pesquisa psicossociológica.

Loss of Interleukin-10 Signaling and Infantile Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Homozygous loss of function mutations in interleukin-10 (IL10) and interleukin-10 receptors (IL10R) cause severe infantile (very early onset) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was reported to induce sustained remission in 1 patient with IL-10R deficiency. We investigated heterogeneity among patients with very early onset IBD, its mechanisms, and the use of allogeneic HSCT to treat this disorder. METHODS: We analyzed 66 patients with early onset IBD (younger than 5 years of age) for mutations in the genes encoding IL-10, IL-10R1, and IL-10R2. IL-10R deficiency was confirmed by functional assays on patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses). We assessed the therapeutic effects of standardized allogeneic HSCT. RESULTS: Using a candidate gene sequencing approach, we identified 16 patients with IL-10 or IL-10R deficiency: 3 patients had mutations in IL-10, 5 had mutations in IL-10R1, and 8 had mutations in IL-10R2. Refractory colitis became manifest in all patients within the first 3 months of life and was associated with perianal disease (16 of 16 patients). Extraintestinal symptoms included folliculitis (11 of 16) and arthritis (4 of 16). Allogeneic HSCT was performed in 5 patients and induced sustained clinical remission with a median follow-up time of 2 years. In vitro experiments confirmed reconstitution of IL-10R-mediated signaling in all patients who received the transplant. CONCLUSIONS: We identified loss of function mutations in IL-10 and IL-10R in patients with very early onset IBD. These findings indicate that infantile IBD patients with perianal disease should be screened for IL-10 and IL-10R deficiency and that allogeneic HSCT can induce remission in those with IL-10R deficiency.

BK virus associated meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient treated with HAART

A severely immune-suppressed AIDS patient was suspected of suffering from BK virus (BKV) meningoencephalitis, after being studied for common causes of neurological complications of co-infectious origin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and brain samples, confirmed the presence of BKV. His clinical condition improved along with the regression of brain lesions, after modifications on his antiretroviral regime. Five months after discharge, the patient was readmitted because of frequent headaches, and a marked inflammatory reaction was evidenced by a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The symptoms paralleled a rising CD4+ lymphocyte count, and immune reconstitution syndrome was suspected. This is the first non-postmortem report of BKV meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient, showing clinical and radiographic improvement solely under HAART.

Analysis of ion channel stochastic signals for biosensing

In biological world, life of cells is guaranteed by their ability to sense and to respond to a large variety of internal and external stimuli. In particular, excitable cells, like muscle or nerve cells, produce quick depolarizations in response to electrical, mechanical or chemical stimuli: this means that they can change their internal potential through a quick exchange of ions between cytoplasm and the external environment. This can be done thanks to the presence of ion channels, proteins that span the lipid bilayer and act like switches, allowing ionic current to flow opening and shutting in a stochastic way. For a particular class of ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, the gating processes is strongly influenced by binding between receptive sites located on the channel surface and specific target molecules. These channels, inserted in biomimetic membranes and in presence of a proper electronic system for acquiring and elaborating the electrical signal, could give us the possibility of detecting and quantifying concentrations of specific molecules in complex mixtures from ionic currents across the membrane; in this thesis work, this possibility is investigated. In particular, it reports a description of experiments focused on the creation and the characterization of artificial lipid membranes, the reconstitution of ion channels and the analysis of their electrical and statistical properties. Moreover, after a chapter about the basis of the modelling of the kinetic behaviour of ligand gated ion channels, a possible approach for the estimation of the target molecule concentration, based on a statistical analysis of the ion channel open probability, is proposed. The fifth chapter contains a description of the kinetic characterisation of a ligand gated ion channel: the homomeric α2 isoform of the glycine receptor. It involved both experimental acquisitions and signal analysis. The last chapter represents the conclusions of this thesis, with some remark on the effective performance that may be achieved using ligand gated ion channels as sensing elements.