(Table 1) Main constituents of coccolith size fractions expressed as carbonate contribution at Bass River during the PETM

Coccoliths, calcite plates produced by the marine phytoplankton coccolithophores, have previously shown a large array of carbon and oxygen stable isotope fractionations (termed "vital effects"), correlated to cell size and hypothesized to reflect the varying importance of active carbon acquisition strategies. Culture studies show a reduced range of vital effects between large and small coccolithophores under high CO2, consistent with previous observations of a smaller range of interspecific vital effects in Paleocene coccoliths. We present new fossil data examining coccolithophore vital effects over three key Cenozoic intervals reflecting changing climate and atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of size-separated coccolith fractions dominated by different species from well preserved Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma) samples show reduced interspecific differences within the greenhouse boundary conditions of the PETM. Conversely, isotope data from the Plio-Pleistocene transition (PPT; 3.5-2 Ma) and the last glacial maximum (LGM; ~22 ka) show persistent vital effects of ~2 per mil. PPT and LGM data show a clear positive trend between coccolith (cell) size and isotopic enrichment in coccolith carbonate, as seen in laboratory cultures. On geological timescales, the degree of expression of vital effects in coccoliths appears to be insensitive topCO2 changes over the range ~350 ppm (Pliocene) to ~180 ppm (LGM). The modern array of coccolith vital effects arose after the PETM but before the late Pliocene and may reflect the operation of more diverse carbon acquisition strategies in coccolithophores in response to decreasing Cenozoic pCO2.

Construction of a precise early Eocene orbital cyclostratigraphy for DSDP Site 80-550 from the Goban Spur, North Atlantic

We constructed a precise early Eocene orbital cyclostratigraphy for DSDP Site 550 (Leg 80, Goban Spur, North Atlantic) utilizing precession related cycles as represented in a high resolution X-Ray Fluorescence based Barium core log. Based on counting of those cycles, we constrain the exact timing of two volcanic ash layers in Site 550 which correlate to ashes +19 and -17 of the Fur Formation in Denmark. The ashes, relative to the onset of the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), are offset by 862 kyr and 672 kyr, respectively. When combined with published absolute ages for ash -17, the absolute age for the onset of the PETM is consistent with astronomically calibrated ages. Using the current absolute age of 28.02 Ma for the Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) standard for calibrating the absolute age of ash -17 is consistent with tuning option 2 in the astronomically calibrated Paleocene time scale of Westerhold et al. (2008) [Westerhold, T., Röhl, U., Raffi, I., Fornaciari, E., Monechi, S., Reale, V., Bowles, J., and Evans, H.F., 2008, Astronomical calibration of the Paleocene time: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 257, p. 377-403]. Using the recently recalibrated absolute age of 28.201 Ma for the FCT standard is consistent with tuning option 3 in the astronomically calibrated Paleocene time scale. The new results do not support the existence of any additional 405-kyr cycle in the early Paleocene astronomically tuned time scale.

Sedimentary and carbonate preservation of ODP Sites 1262, 1263 and 1266

Rapid carbon input into the ocean-atmosphere system caused a dramatic shoaling of the lysocline during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a transient (~170 kyr) global warming event that occurred roughly 55 Ma. Carbon cycle models invoking an accelerated carbonate-silicate feedback mechanism to neutralize ocean acidification predict that the lysocline would subsequently deepen to depths below its original position as the marine carbonate system recovered from such a perturbation. To test this hypothesis, records of carbonate sedimentation and preservation for PETM sections in the Weddell Sea (ODP Site 690) and along the Walvis Ridge depth transect (ODP Sites 1262, 1263, and 1266) were assembled within the context of a unified chronostratigraphy. The meridional gradient of undersaturation delimited by these records shows that dissolution was more severe in the subtropical South Atlantic than in the Weddell Sea during the PETM, a spatiotemporal pattern inconsistent with the view that Atlantic overturning circulation underwent a transient reversal. Deepening of the lysocline following its initial ascent is signaled by increases in %CaCO3 and coarse-fraction content at all sites. Carbonate preservation during the recovery period is appreciably better than that seen prior to carbon input with carbonate sedimentation becoming remarkably uniform over a broad spectrum of geographic and bathymetric settings. These congruent patterns of carbonate sedimentation confirm that the lysocline was suppressed below the depth it occupied prior to carbon input, and are consistent with the view that an accelerated carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle played an important role in arresting PETM conditions.

High prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)- type 2 co-infection among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, but no increased HIV mother-to-child transmission risk.

BACKGROUND Over 3500 HIV-positive women give birth annually in Ukraine, a setting with high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) co-infection may increase HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk. We explored factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, and its impact on HIV MTCT. METHODS Data on 1513 HIV-positive women enrolled in the Ukraine European Collaborative Study from 2007 to 2012 were analysed. Poisson and logistic regression models respectively were fit to investigate factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity and HIV MTCT. RESULTS Median maternal age was 27 years (IQR 24-31), 53% (796/1513) had been diagnosed with HIV during their most recent pregnancy and 20% had a history of injecting drugs. Median antenatal CD4 count was 430 cells/mm(3) (IQR 290-580). Ninety-six percent had received antiretroviral therapy antenatally. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 68% (1026/1513). In adjusted analyses, factors associated with HSV-2 antibodies were history of pregnancy termination (APR 1.30 (95% CI 1.18-1.43) for ≥ 2 vs. 0), having an HIV-positive partner (APR 1.15 (95% CI 1.05-1.26) vs partner's HIV status unknown) and HCV seropositivity (APR 1.23 (95 % CI 1.13-1.35)). The overall HIV MTCT rate was 2.80% (95% CI 1.98-3.84); no increased HIV MTCT risk was detected among HSV-2 seropositive women after adjusting for known risk factors (AOR 1.43 (95% CI 0.54-3.77). CONCLUSION No increased risk of HIV MTCT was detected among the 68% of HIV-positive women with antibodies to HSV-2, in this population with an overall HIV MTCT rate of 2.8%. Markers of ongoing sexual risk among HIV-positive HSV-2 seronegative women indicate the importance of interventions to prevent primary HSV-2 infection during pregnancy in this high-risk group.

U-M Softball Team, 1989

Back Row: Head Coach Carol Hutchins, Karen Katcavage, Heather Lyke, Bridget Fitzpatrick, Sara Dyksterhouse, Andrea Nelson, Jenny Allard, Mary Ann Daviera, Nan Payne, Assistant coach Carol Bruggeman

Front Row: Julie Cooper, Julie Foster, Stacey Heams, Kelly O'Connor, Beth Mueller, Shelly Bawol, Bonnie Tholl, Maria Heck.

U-M Softball Team, 1990

Front Row :Michelle Sampson-athletic trainer, Kari Kunnen, Karla Kunnen, Patti Benedict, Shelley Bawol, Julie Cooper, Stacey Heams, Kelly O'Connor, Bonnie Tholl, Natalie Mussato-manager.

Back Row: Carol Bruggeman-assistant coach, Michelle Bolster, Sue Sieler, Maria Heck, Julie Foster, Heather Lyke, Jenny Allard, Andrea Nelson, Kelly Forbis, Julie Clarkson, Sara Dyksterhouse, Bridget Fitzpatrick, Carol Hutchins-head coach.

U-M Softball Team, 1991

Front row: Karla Kunnen, Shelley Bawol, Stacey Heams, Elly Vitacco, Kari Kunnen

Middle Row: Mary Campana, Sue Sieler, Julie Foster, Bonnie Tholl, Patti Benedict, Julie Cooper, Maria Heck

Back Row: Carol Bruggeman-assistant coach, Cathy Wylie-graduate assistant coach, Bridget Fitzpatrick, Tina Martin, Andrea Nelson, Kelly Forbis, Julie Clarkson, Heather Lyke, Carol Hutchins-head coach

U-M Softball Team, 1992

Front Row: Karla Kunnen, Shelley Bawol, co-captain Stacey Heam, Patti Benedict, Kari Kunnen.

Middle Row: Michelle Silver, Lesa Arvia, Sue Sieler, Mary Campana,co-captain Heather Lyke.

Back Row: head coach Carol Hutchins, assistant coach Cathy Wylie, Kim Clark, Kelly Kovach, Kelly Forbis, Julie Clarkson, Tina Martin. Trainer Sue Weitzman, assistant coach Carol Bruggeman

Not Pictured: Kerry Sayers, Manager Debbie Kleban

U-M Softball Team, 1992, with Big Ten Trophy

Back Row: head coach Carol Hutchins, trainer Sue Weitzman, Kim Clark, Michelle Silver, Kelly Kovach, Kelly Forbis, Tina Martin, Julie Clarkson, assistant coach Cathy Wylie, assistant coach Carol Bruggeman

Middle Row: student trainer Bryn Mickle, Mary Campana, Karla Kunnen, Kari Kunnen, Kerry Sayers, Lesa Arvia, Pattie Benedict, manager, Deb Kleban

Front Row: Stacey Heams, Heather Lyke, Shelly Bawol

University of Michigan Field Hockey Team, 1992

Front Row: Mary Beth Bird, Katie Allison, Katie Thomas, Katie Vignevic

Middle Row: Rachael Geisthardt, Kalli Hose, Nancy Irvine, Chrissie Johnson Shay Perry, Lelli Hose, Keely Libby, Jen DiMascio, Nicole Hoover

Back Row: assistant coach Meri Dembrow, Jennifer Foley, Aaleya Koreishi, Gia Biagi, Sherene Smith, Jennifer Lupinsiki, Selina Harris, Meredith Franden, Heather Rooney, student athletic trainer Bryn Mickel, head coach Patti Smith

University of Michigan Field Hockey Team, 1993

Front Row: Jen DiMascio, Kalli Hose, Keely Libby, Shay Perry, Lelli Hose

Second Row: Gia Biagi, ?, Aaleya Koreishi, Sherene Smith, Jen Lupinski, Meredith Franden, Selina Harris, ?

Back Row: Jamie Blake, Kate Hallada, Bree Derr, Heather Rooney, Rachael Geisthardt, Nicole Hoover, Michelle Smulders, Nancy Irvine, assistant coach Meri Dembro, head coach Patti Smith

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1993

Back Row: Mara Guillemette, Betsey Vandervelde, Molly McClimon, Heather Grigg, Molly Lori, Mayrie Richards, Jenny Barber, Christie Wilson, Michelle Spannagel, Sharmila Prasad, Kathy Huffman, Annie Erlewine, Ingrid Sharphorn

Front Row: Jessica Kluge, Kristine Westerby, Holly Logue, Amy Parker, Kelly Chard, Katy Hollbacher, Chris Szabo, Karen Harvey, Kristi Wink, Courtney Babcock, Jackie Concaugh, Emily Shively, head coach Mike McGuire.

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1994

Back Row: Bridget Mann, Pauline Arnill, Jennifer Barber, Molly Lori, Susan Kaminski, Heather Grigg, Christie Wilson, Deanna Arnill, Eileen Fleck

Middle Row: Mayrie Richards, Amy Parker, Michelle Spannagel, Tanya Mason, Katy Hollbacher, Ashley Zongker, Michelle Slater, Emily Shively, Wendy Robertson

Front Row: Jackie Concaugh, Holly Logue, Kelly Chard, Karen Harvey, Courtney Babcock, Tiffin Goodman, Jessica Kluge

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1997

Back Row: Katie Ryan, Susan Kaminski, Sarah Hamilton, Adrienne Hunter, Allison Noe, Marcy Akard, Lena Van Haren, Katie Clifford, Nell Shields, Tiffin Goodman, Eileen Fleck

Back Row: Heather Burcar, Lisa Ouellet, Julie Froud, Elizabeth Kampfe, Katie McGregor, Michelle Slater, Tracey Parker, Erin White