Câmara frigorifica com atmosfera controlada para conservação de produtos frutícolas refrigerados

Trabalho final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Mecânica Ramo de Energia, Refrigeração e Climatização

Criação de uma estratégia de comunicação integrada para uma organização de carácter confessional

Trabalho de projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.

Caracterização física e química de fíleres para fabrico de misturas betuminosas

Mestrado em Engenharia Geotécnica e Geoambiente

Embolização das artérias prostáticas no tratamento da hiperplasia benigna da próstata : estudo anátomo-clínico

Resumo: A hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP) tem elevada prevalência nos homens entre os 50 e 79 anos de idade, sendo ubiquitária com o envelhecimento. Devido à significativa morbi-mortalidade associada aos tratamentos médicos e cirúrgicos currentemente disponíveis, são necessárias novas tecnologias para melhorar os resultados e minimizar o desconforto dos doentes. Recentemente, estudos preliminares de experimentação animal e em 3 doentes tratados, sugeriram a embolização arterial prostática selectiva (EAPS) como hipótese terapêutica para a HBP. Decidimos investigar se a EAPS poderia ser um procedimento bem sucedido no tratamento da HBP gravemente sintomática. Para tal realizámos um estudo anátomo-radiológico e clínico em 63 doentes com recurso a uma terapêutica inovadora minimamente invasiva guiada pela imagem. Avaliámos 126 hemipélvis com recurso a Angio-RM, Angio-TC e Angiografia Digital de Subtracção, com o intuito de definir os padrões básicos de bifurcação das artérias ilíacas internas até agora apenas descritos em estudos cadavéricos. Estudámos ainda o suprimento vascular arterial prostático, identificando: 1 as artérias prostáticas; 2 origem e direcção; 3 os ramos intra-prostáticos; 4 anastomoses com outras artérias. Em relação aos resultados anatómicos, identificámos 181 artérias prostáticas, já que em 43.7% das hemipélvis existiam dois pedículos arteriais prostáticos com origens independentes. A origem mais frequente foi a artéria pudenda interna (39.7%), seguida do tronco comum glúteo-pudendo (21%) e da artéria vesical superior (18.2%). Origens menos frequentes foram a artéria obturadora (12.1%), as artérias glúteas inferior (3.9%)ou superior (1.7%), ramos rectais provenientes da artéria mesentérica inferior (1.7%) e a artéria pudenda acessória (1.7%). Identificaram-se anastomoses com as artérias adjacentes em 57.9% dos casos: com a terminação da artéria pudenda interna (41.6%),artérias prostáticas contra-laterais (18.2%) e homo-laterais (11.7%), com ramos rectais (15.6%) e com artérias vesicais (12.9%). Em relação ao estudo clínico tratámos 63 doentes (idades compreendidas entre 52 - 82 anos, média 69.5 anos) com HBP gravemente sintomática refractária à terapêutica médica há mais de 6 meses. Foi possível avaliação após o tratamento em 37 doentes: média de seguimento de 4.7 meses (variando entre 1 e 12 meses). A EAPS unilateral foi possível em todos os doentes, com embolização bilateral em 73% dos casos. A embolização bilateral não foi possível em 27% dos casos devido a tortuosidade, alterações ateroescleróticas e pequeno calibre das artérias ilíacas e/ou prostáticas. Em média houve uma melhoria do International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) de 10.8 pontos, da QoL de 1.5 pontos e do Internationl Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) de 2.1 pontos. Houve uma redução média do PSA de 30% (2.4 ng/mL), um aumento do pico de fluxo urinário (Qmax) de 3.1 - 3.85 mL/s e uma redução média do volume prostático de 21% (18.5 mL). Registou-se uma complicação major: pequena área de isquémia da parede vesical tratada cirurgicamente. Em 75% dos doentes tratados obteve-se sucesso clínico com franca melhoria dos sintomas, enquanto 25% dos doentes foram considerados insucesso clínico por se ter registado uma fraca ou ausente melhoria sintomática após a embolização. Os restantes doentes tratados estão sob controlo evolutivo, pararam toda a medicação prostática, sem qualquer caso de disfunção sexual associada com o tratamento. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro estudo anatómico descritivo in vivo das artérias prostáticas, conseguido devido à utilização de técnicas de imagem nunca usadas para este fim. O uso clínico dos dados anatómicos acima referidos permitiu a implementação de técnicas de Radiologia de Intervenção no tratatamento de uma doença de elevada prevalência. ------------------------------- ABSTRACT: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has high prevalence in men aged 50–79 years being ubiquitous with aging. Due to significant morbi-mortality associated with currently available medical and surgical treatments, there is the need for innovative technologies to continue to improve outcomes and minimize patient discomfort and morbidity. Recently, prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) was suggested as a treatmentoption for BPH based on preliminary results from animal studies and 3 treated patients. We decided to investigate if PAE might be a successful treatment option for severely symptomatic BPH patients. We performed a clinical and anatomical-radiological study in 63 patients with the use of an inovative image-guided minimally invasive technique. We evaluated 126 pelvic sides using Angio-MR or Angio-CT and Catheter Angiography before embolisation to treat symptomatic BPH. We aimed to define the main branching patterns of the male internal iliac arteries, so far only studied in the cadaver. We also evaluated the prostatic arterial supply, identifying: 1 the prostatic arteries; 2 origin and direction; 3 intra-prostatic branches; 4 anastomoses with surrounding arteries. Regarding the anatomical study we identified 181 prostatic arteries, because in 43.7% of pelvic sides 2 separate prostatic vascular pedicles were found. The most frequent origin was the internal pudendal artery (39.7%) with the common glutealpudendal trunk (21%) and superior vesical arteries (18.2%) the next commonest. Less frequent origins were the obturator artery (12.1%), the inferior (3.9%) or superior (1.7%) gluteal arteries, rectal branches from the inferior mesenteric artery (1.7%) and the accessory pudendal artery (1.7%). There were anastomoses with the surrounding arteries in 57.9% of cases: termination of the internal pudendal artery (41.6%), contralateral prostatic arteries (18.2%), same-side prostatic arteries (11.7%), rectal branches (15.6%), and vesical arteries (12.9%).Regarding the clinical study, we treated 63 patients aged 52–82 years (mean 69.5 years) who presented with symptomatic BPH refractory to medical treatment for at least 6 months. Follow-up evaluation (mean 4.7 months, range 1-12 months) was possible in 37 patients. PAE was achieved in all patients with bilateral embolization in 73%. In 27% PAE was performed unilaterally due to tortuosity, atherosclerotic changes and small size of iliac and prostatic arteries. There was a mean decrease in the IPSS of 10.8 points, a mean improvement in QoL of 1.5 points, and a mean increase in the sexual function score of 2.1 points. There was a mean PSA reduction of 30% (2.4 ng/mL), a Qmax increase of 3.1 to 3.85 mL/sec, and a mean prostate volume decrease of 21% (18.5 mL). There was one major complication: a small area of bladder wall ischemia treated by surgery. Overall, 75% of patients were considered clinical success with major improvement after PAE, while 25% of patients were considered clinical failure with little or no improvement after PAE. All remaining patients are under follow-up, stopped all prostatic medication, and reported no sexual dysfunction. This study is the first one to describe the radiological anatomy of the prostatic arteries, with the use of imaging techniques never used for this purpose before. The clinical use of the anatomical findings allowed the implementation of Interventional Radiology tehniques in the treatment of a disease with a high prevalence.

Software de gestão de manutenção como ferramenta de apoio à melhoria da eficiência da gestão de infraestruturas

Este trabalho académico surge no âmbito da realização da dissertação do Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial. Tem como objetivo a melhoria da gestão do Departamento de Infraestruturas, numa empresa de produção de motores elétricos para a indústria automóvel, através da análise, implementação e melhoria de um software de gestão de manutenção, de forma a aumentar a eficiência do Departamento. Este estudo foi desenvolvido durante um estágio curricular na empresa Globe Motors Portugal Lda, localizada em Vila do Conde. Para sua sustentação, foi efetuada uma análise funcional, suportada por um Software de gestão de manutenção, de forma a perceber qual a importância que o mesmo tem no funcionamento do Departamento de Infraestruturas. Pretendeu-se compreender quais as vantagens e desvantagens da sua utilização. Posteriormente, implementou-se uma nova versão deste software, analisando-se os pontos fortes e as oportunidades de melhoria, de forma a tornar o Departamento de infraestruturas mais eficiente, através da utilização desta renovada ferramenta de trabalho. Como objetivo último, pretendeu-se à melhoria da organização e gestão do Departamento de infraestruturas, contribuindo para um desenvolvimento de toda a empresa, uma vez que comungamos a ideia de que só é possível ser competitivo, num mercado altamente exigente, através de processos eficientes, possibilitando a redução de custos a todos os níveis.

The importance of physical education classes in pre-school children

The purpose of this study was to analyse differences between total physical activity (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of pre-school children during daily school hours when they attended the physical education class (PED) and school days without PE class (NPED) and to assess the contribution of PE classes to TPA in school hours. The sample was composed of 193 pre-school healthy children (96 girls) aged from three to five years old and was conducted between February and December of 2008. Children wore accelerometers for at least four consecutive days during school hours. Data were analysed with specific software, age-specific counts-per-minute cut-off points and a 5 s epoch were used. Independent and general linear model repeated measures were used to assess differences between gender and differences between different days within each gender, respectively. Boys engaged more MVPA than girls (P < 0.05). During PED, pre-school children engaged significantly more in TPA and MVPA than during NPED (P < 0.05). PE class contributed, on average, 27.7% for the TPA and 32.8% of daily MVPA during PED in both gender. The results of this study suggest that structured PA such as a PE class increased the daily TPA and MVPA level of pre-school children.

Contributos das TIC para as Necessidades Educativas Especiais - Treino da Perceção Visual

As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação vêm introduzir novas abordagens e orientações nas relações das pessoas no mundo global, ao mesmo tempo que vêm redefinir paradigmas diversos em várias áreas disciplinares, nomeadamente nas áreas da saúde e da educação. A massificação das tecnologias vem assim aproximar a informação e o conhecimento das pessoas e a sua utilização no apoio aos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais e dificuldades de aprendizagem específicas tem vindo a ser discutida cada vez mais com uma maior relevância. Pretende-se através da presente dissertação contribuir com soluções que apoiem a desmaterialização dos processos e desburocratização dos relacionamentos entres os diversos intervenientes num processo de terapia de uma criança. Apesar de poder ser extensível a outros cenários, o projeto desenvolvido aplica-se ao caso concreto de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais e dificuldades de aprendizagem específicas, motivadas por dificuldades de perceção visual, que obrigam, além da adoção de programas de treino, como jogos interativos, a um acompanhamento integrado de todos os intervenientes na sua terapia: terapeutas, professores, pais e educadores, assistentes sociais entre outros, tornando-se fundamental a utilização de uma plataforma universal que permita a troca e sistematização de informações. Inicialmente foi necessário um enquadramento desta temática por via da leitura, pesquisa e reuniões com elementos ligados a diferentes áreas que intervém no tratamento de necessidades educativas especiais. Depois de uma pesquisa bibliográfica inicial sobre as dimensões a explorar, recolheu-se informação sobre estudos e projetos desenvolvidos para apoiar esta área, e desenvolveu-se um projeto destinado a contribuir para o trabalho positivo de todos os profissionais que se dedicam à terapia/tratamento das crianças com necessidades educativas especiais, particularmente derivadas de dificuldades de perceção visual. Posteriormente, realizou-se a avaliação do protótipo de forma a validar o real contributo do sistema na melhoria da comunicação e partilha de informação entre todos os intervenientes no processo de terapia de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais e da utilização das tecnologias interativas no treino da perceção visual. Com vista a uma futura implementação de um recurso educativo deste âmbito, foram também recolhidos os pontos negativos e sugestões de melhoria a incorporar. Em suma, este trabalho valida os contributos das TIC, e deste sistema em particular, na relação dos intervenientes num processo de terapia interdisciplinar e no treino da perceção visual.

Multifractal portrayal of the Swiss population

Fractal geometry is a fundamental approach for describing the complex irregularities of the spatial structure of point patterns. The present research characterizes the spatial structure of the Swiss population distribution in the three Swiss geographical regions (Alps, Plateau and Jura) and at the entire country level. These analyses were carried out using fractal and multifractal measures for point patterns, which enabled the estimation of the spatial degree of clustering of a distribution at different scales. The Swiss population dataset is presented on a grid of points and thus it can be modelled as a "point process" where each point is characterized by its spatial location (geometrical support) and a number of inhabitants (measured variable). The fractal characterization was performed by means of the box-counting dimension and the multifractal analysis was conducted through the Renyi's generalized dimensions and the multifractal spectrum. Results showed that the four population patterns are all multifractals and present different clustering behaviours. Applying multifractal and fractal methods at different geographical regions and at different scales allowed us to quantify and describe the dissimilarities between the four structures and their underlying processes. This paper is the first Swiss geodemographic study applying multifractal methods using high resolution data.

Juvenile Justice System Planning Data Iowa’s Juvenile Justice Advisory Council Three Year Comprehensive Plan with Additional Juvenile Justice System Information, November 2015

This report provides key juvenile justice system planning data, most of which are taken from Iowa’s 2015 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Three Year Plan. The data and related descriptions serve as an overview of decision making for major juvenile justice system processing points, and also assist state and local officials with policy and practice. Included in the report are school discipline data and data related to juvenile in the adult criminal justice system.

Using a Bayesian model for bankruptcy prediction : a comparative approach

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the choice of cut-off points, sampling procedures, and the business cycle on the accuracy of bankruptcy prediction models. Misclassification can result in erroneous predictions leading to prohibitive costs to firms, investors and the economy. To test the impact of the choice of cut-off points and sampling procedures, three bankruptcy prediction models are assessed- Bayesian, Hazard and Mixed Logit. A salient feature of the study is that the analysis includes both parametric and nonparametric bankruptcy prediction models. A sample of firms from Lynn M. LoPucki Bankruptcy Research Database in the U. S. was used to evaluate the relative performance of the three models. The choice of a cut-off point and sampling procedures were found to affect the rankings of the various models. In general, the results indicate that the empirical cut-off point estimated from the training sample resulted in the lowest misclassification costs for all three models. Although the Hazard and Mixed Logit models resulted in lower costs of misclassification in the randomly selected samples, the Mixed Logit model did not perform as well across varying business-cycles. In general, the Hazard model has the highest predictive power. However, the higher predictive power of the Bayesian model, when the ratio of the cost of Type I errors to the cost of Type II errors is high, is relatively consistent across all sampling methods. Such an advantage of the Bayesian model may make it more attractive in the current economic environment. This study extends recent research comparing the performance of bankruptcy prediction models by identifying under what conditions a model performs better. It also allays a range of user groups, including auditors, shareholders, employees, suppliers, rating agencies, and creditors' concerns with respect to assessing failure risk.

Unchained Minds: Self-Accounts of Madness

This thesis explores the connection between the historical and social construction of madness in relation to how society currently views madness and schizophrenia. The anti-psychiatry movement has been outlined using the work of anti-psychiatrists David Cooper, R. D. Laing and Franco Basaglia. Foucault’s work regarding madness and the asylum is also reviewed to give an overarching analysis of madness, including analysis of its creation. With the help of Basaglia, madness as class warfare and social disease are explored. By connecting this analysis to the medicalization of schizophrenia and the use of counter-narratives, this thesis uses the work of Deleuze and Guattari to illustrate how mental illness can be redefined through deterritorialization, reterritorialization and lines of flight. Specifically, this thesis uses a Foucauldian textual analysis to examine self-narratives of schizophrenia including, the films A Beautiful Mind and The Best of Youth, and the books Two Accounts of a Journey Through Madness, The Center Cannot Hold and Living With Voices. These self-narratives illustrate the importance of considering an individual’s voice when determining treatment options for mental illness. Overall, a shift in thinking is needed. The findings suggest self-help groups are not enough on their own and should be combined with medical intervention. Self-narratives are an important step in the recovery process as it allows one to come to terms with their voice hearing experiences. As well, self-narratives are useful in the treatment process as a tool that can help to redefine dominant conceptualizations of schizophrenia and mental illness today.

Service Learning in Higher Education: A Road Map

As institutions of higher education struggle to stay relevant, competitive, accessible, and flexible, they are scrambling to attend to a shift in focus for new students. This shift involves experiential learning. The purpose of this major research paper was to examine the existing structures, to seek gaps in the experiential learning programs, and to devise a framework to move forward. The specific focus was on experiential learning at Brock University in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences. The methodology was underscored with cognitive constructivism and appreciative theory. Data collection involved content analysis steps established by Krippendorff (2004) and Weber (1985). Data analysis involved the four dimensions of reflection designed by LaBoskey, including the purpose, context, content, and procedures. The results developed understandings on the state of formal processes and pathways within service learning. A tool kit was generated that defines service learning and offers an overview of the types of service learning typically employed. The tool kit acts as a reference guide for those interested in implementing experiential learning courses. Importantly, the results also provided 10 key points in experiential learning courses by Emily Allan. A flow chart illustrates the connections among each of the 10 points, and then they are described in full to establish a strategy for the way forward in experiential learning.

Grothendieck et les topos : rupture et continuité dans les modes d'analyse du concept d'espace topologique

La thèse présente une analyse conceptuelle de l'évolution du concept d'espace topologique. En particulier, elle se concentre sur la transition des espaces topologiques hérités de Hausdorff aux topos de Grothendieck. Il en ressort que, par rapport aux espaces topologiques traditionnels, les topos transforment radicalement la conceptualisation topologique de l'espace. Alors qu'un espace topologique est un ensemble de points muni d'une structure induite par certains sous-ensembles appelés ouverts, un topos est plutôt une catégorie satisfaisant certaines propriétés d'exactitude. L'aspect le plus important de cette transformation tient à un renversement de la relation dialectique unissant un espace à ses points. Un espace topologique est entièrement déterminé par ses points, ceux-ci étant compris comme des unités indivisibles et sans structure. L'identité de l'espace est donc celle que lui insufflent ses points. À l'opposé, les points et les ouverts d'un topos sont déterminés par la structure de celui-ci. Qui plus est, la nature des points change: ils ne sont plus premiers et indivisibles. En effet, les points d'un topos disposent eux-mêmes d'une structure. L'analyse met également en évidence que le concept d'espace topologique évolua selon une dynamique de rupture et de continuité. Entre 1945 et 1957, la topologie algébrique et, dans une certaine mesure, la géométrie algébrique furent l'objet de changements fondamentaux. Les livres Foundations of Algebraic Topology de Eilenberg et Steenrod et Homological Algebra de Cartan et Eilenberg de même que la théorie des faisceaux modifièrent profondément l'étude des espaces topologiques. En contrepartie, ces ruptures ne furent pas assez profondes pour altérer la conceptualisation topologique de l'espace elle-même. Ces ruptures doivent donc être considérées comme des microfractures dans la perspective de l'évolution du concept d'espace topologique. La rupture définitive ne survint qu'au début des années 1960 avec l'avènement des topos dans le cadre de la vaste refonte de la géométrie algébrique entreprise par Grothendieck. La clé fut l'utilisation novatrice que fit Grothendieck de la théorie des catégories. Alors que ses prédécesseurs n'y voyaient qu'un langage utile pour exprimer certaines idées mathématiques, Grothendieck l'emploie comme un outil de clarification conceptuelle. Ce faisant, il se trouve à mettre de l'avant une approche axiomatico-catégorielle des mathématiques. Or, cette rupture était tributaire des innovations associées à Foundations of Algebraic Topology, Homological Algebra et la théorie des faisceaux. La théorie des catégories permit à Grothendieck d'exploiter le plein potentiel des idées introduites par ces ruptures partielles. D'un point de vue épistémologique, la transition des espaces topologiques aux topos doit alors être vue comme s'inscrivant dans un changement de position normative en mathématiques, soit celui des mathématiques modernes vers les mathématiques contemporaines.

Difficultés d’ordre grammatical rencontrées chez les immigrants adultes allophones dans l’apprentissage du français langue seconde

La présente étude vise à identifier et classer les difficultés d’ordre grammatical rencontrées chez les immigrants adultes allophones dans l’apprentissage du français langue seconde. Nous avons d’une part analysé les examens finaux de 98 apprenants inscrits dans les cours de francisation à l’Université de Montréal afin de décrire leurs erreurs grammaticales fréquentes commises. Nous avons décrit les erreurs grammaticales fréquentes produites par les apprenants de chaque niveau de francisation d’une manière précise afin que les apprenants puissent bien éviter l’usage de formes erronées et bien développer des compétences linguistiques en français langue seconde. D’autre part, nous avons collecté les opinions personnelles de cinq professeurs principaux de francisation à l’égard de l’importance de l’enseignement de la grammaire dans les cours de langue seconde, du traitement des erreurs grammaticales, et de la persistance des erreurs à travers différents niveaux, etc. En précisant les points grammaticaux à apprendre de chaque niveau de francisation et en fusionnant les résultats des apprenants et des professeurs, nous pouvons offrir aux apprenants adultes allophones des tableaux simples des points grammaticaux et des erreurs grammaticales correspondantes de chaque niveau. Ces derniers pourraient les exploiter pour favoriser la maîtrise du français langue seconde ainsi leur intégration à la société québécoise.

Élaboration d’un référentiel de compétences pour les futurs enseignants de FLE

Les référentiels de compétences et la formation professionnelle des enseignants sont devenus des sujets qui suscitent beaucoup d’intérêt de la part de plusieurs chercheurs en éducation, dont Paquay (1994), Perrenoud (2001) et Berchoud (2007). La présente étude est une recherche-développement qui se donne pour objectif principal de concevoir et d’élaborer un référentiel de compétences pour les futurs enseignants de français langue étrangère (FLE). Pour y parvenir, notre démarche générale consistait à partir de l’analyse des référentiels de formation des enseignants ainsi que des standards de performance que nous pouvions déjà trouver partout dans le monde. Cette analyse nous a amenée à repérer les points communs et, par la suite, à les synthétiser pour trouver les éléments pertinents qui pourraient nous inspirer pour une première ébauche de notre référentiel. Ainsi, nous avons dressé une liste des domaines de performance nécessaires à la formation des futurs enseignants que nous avons repérés dans les écrits. Pour enrichir cette liste, nous avons mené des consultations auprès de quelques experts en Égypte où le français est enseigné comme deuxième langue étrangère dans les écoles publiques. Et, à l’aide de trois outils de recherche, les entrevues individuelles, le focus-group et le questionnaire, nous avons pu développer et valider des standards de performance pertinents à chacun des domaines identifiés ainsi que des indicateurs pour chaque standard. L’analyse statistique des données recueillies nous a permis d’en faire une description globale, de confirmer des points de convergence de façon significative, et aussi de repérer des éléments sujets à discussion. Ainsi, nous sommes parvenue à élaborer un référentiel qui comprend trois composantes principales : les domaines de performance, les standards et les indicateurs. Ce référentiel contient vingt standards de performance essentiels à la formation des futurs enseignants de FLE. Les standards sont regroupés sous six catégories appelées domaines : compétence linguistique, communication, processus d’enseignement, gestion de classe, évaluation et professionnalité. Le référentiel comprend aussi soixante-trois indicateurs reliés aux standards retenus. Le résultat de notre recherche est donc ce référentiel de compétences destiné aux futurs enseignants de FLE et dont les éléments ont été validés en Égypte. Nous croyons que cet outil servira, d’une part, de cadre de référence pour les professeurs des facultés d’éducation surtout lors du choix de contenu de leurs cours et, d’autre part, comme un guide pour les futurs enseignants qui leur permettra de s’autoévaluer et de se situer par rapport aux différents standards de performance identifiés dans ce référentiel.