Extending fixed task-priority schedulability by interference limitation

While the earliest deadline first algorithm is known to be optimal as a uniprocessor scheduling policy, the implementation comes at a cost in terms of complexity. Fixed taskpriority algorithms on the other hand have lower complexity but higher likelihood of task sets being declared unschedulable, when compared to earliest deadline first (EDF). Various attempts have been undertaken to increase the chances of proving a task set schedulable with similar low complexity. In some cases, this was achieved by modifying applications to limit preemptions, at the cost of flexibility. In this work, we explore several variants of a concept to limit interference by locking down the ready queue at certain instances. The aim is to increase the prospects of schedulability of a given task system, without compromising on complexity or flexibility, when compared to the regular fixed task-priority algorithm. As a final contribution, a new preemption threshold assignment algorithm is provided which is less complex and more straightforward than the previous method available in the literature.

Contribuição para o estudo dos efeitos de descargas orgânicas em peixes

O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos resultantes de diferentes tipos de descargas orgânicas, em frentes de descarga e instantâneas, na espécie Danio rerio, um peixe de água doce geralmente utilizado para avaliações de toxicidade. Para a simulação das descargas, utilizou-se um efluente sintético, que reproduz, aproximadamente, a composição de uma água residual doméstica, e um canal hidráulico laboratorial. Determinou-se a CL50, através de testes semi-estáticos, sob condições laboratoriais controladas, ao longo de 96 horas, tendo-se obtido o valor de 309 mg O2.L-1 (CQO). Para além de ensaios de dispersão de um corante no canal hidráulico, para melhor percepção do avanço de uma descarga, efectuaram-se ensaios simulando frentes de descarga e descargas instantâneas. Estes ensaios foram realizados com o efluente sintético, em diferentes condições, observando-se a evolução de concentrações no canal e relacionando-as com o comportamento do peixe referido na presença do agente poluente. Os resultados permitem concluir, através do comportamento observado dos peixes, que a intensidade de resposta, por afastamento ao contacto com a descarga orgânica, varia directamente com a concentração desta no meio, tendo sido possível obter curvas aproximadas para descrição daquela resposta. Assim, tendo-se constatado que para baixas concentrações a resposta é pouco acentuada, pode inferir-se do risco que lhe poderá estar associado, levando os peixes a permanecerem em situações de contaminação potencial com eventuais efeitos acumulativos.

Job phasing aware preemption deferral

Preemptions account for a non-negligible overhead during system execution. There has been substantial amount of research on estimating the delay incurred due to the loss of working sets in the processor state (caches, registers, TLBs) and some on avoiding preemptions, or limiting the preemption cost. We present an algorithm to reduce preemptions by further delaying the start of execution of high priority tasks in fixed priority scheduling. Our approaches take advantage of the floating non-preemptive regions model and exploit the fact that, during the schedule, the relative task phasing will differ from the worst-case scenario in terms of admissible preemption deferral. Furthermore, approximations to reduce the complexity of the proposed approach are presented. Substantial set of experiments demonstrate that the approach and approximations improve over existing work, in particular for the case of high utilisation systems, where savings of up to 22% on the number of preemption are attained.

Partitioned scheduling of multimode systems on multiprocessor platforms: when to do the mode transition?

Systems composed of distinct operational modes are a common necessity for embedded applications with strict timing requirements. With the emergence of multi-core platforms protocols to handle these systems are required in order to provide this basic functionality.In this work a description on the problems of creating an effective mode-transition protocol are presented and it is proven that in some cases previous single-core protocols can not be extended to handle the mode-transition in multi-core.

Global-EDF scheduling of multimode real- time systems considering mode independent tasks

Embedded real-time systems often have to support the embedding system in very different and changing application scenarios. An aircraft taxiing, taking off and in cruise flight is one example. The different application scenarios are reflected in the software structure with a changing task set and thus different operational modes. At the same time there is a strong push for integrating previously isolated functionalities in single-chip multicore processors. On such multicores the behavior of the system during a mode change, when the systems transitions from one mode to another, is complex but crucial to get right. In the past we have investigated mode change in multiprocessor systems where a mode change requires a complete change of task set. Now, we present the first analysis which considers mode changes in multicore systems, which use global EDF to schedule a set of mode independent (MI) and mode specific (MS) tasks. In such systems, only the set of MS tasks has to be replaced during mode changes, without jeopardizing the schedulability of the MI tasks. Of prime concern is that the mode change is safe and efficient: i.e. the mode change needs to be performed in a predefined time window and no deadlines may be missed as a function of the mode change.

Alimentos mais consumidos no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o consumo alimentar mais frequente da população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados referentes ao primeiro dia de registro alimentar de 34.003 indivíduos com dez anos ou mais de idade que responderam ao Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação, composto por amostra probabilística da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. O padrão de consumo foi analisado segundo sexo, grupo etário, região e faixa de renda familiar per capita. RESULTADOS: Os alimentos mais frequentemente referidos pela população brasileira foram arroz (84,0%), café (79,0%), feijão (72,8%), pão de sal (63,0%) e carne bovina (48,7%), destacando-se também o consumo de sucos e refrescos (39,8%), refrigerantes (23,0%) e menor presença de frutas (16,0%) e hortaliças (16,0%). Essa configuração apresenta pouca variação quando se consideram os estratos de sexo e faixa etária; contudo, observa-se que os adolescentes foram o único grupo etário que deixou de citar qualquer hortaliça e que incluiu doces, bebida láctea e biscoitos doces entre os itens mais consumidos. Alimentos marcadamente de consumo regional incluem a farinha de mandioca no Norte e Nordeste e o chá na região Sul. Houve discrepâncias no consumo alimentar entre os estratos de menor e maior renda: indivíduos no quarto de renda mais elevada referiram sanduíches, tomate e alface e aqueles no primeiro quarto de renda citaram os peixes e preparações à base de peixe e farinha de mandioca entre os alimentos mais referidos. CONCLUSÕES: Existe um padrão básico do consumo alimentar no Brasil que inclui entre os alimentos mais consumidos arroz, café, feijão, pão de sal e carne bovina, associado ao consumo regional de alguns poucos itens. Particularmente entre os adolescentes, alimentos ricos em gordura e açúcar são também de consumo frequente.

Runtime CRPD management for rate-based scheduling

Temporal isolation is an increasingly relevant con- cern in particular for ARINC-351 and virtualisation- based systems. Traditional approaches like the rate- based scheduling framework RBED do not take into account the impact of preemptions in terms of loss of working set in the acceleration hardware (e.g. caches). While some improvements have been suggested in the literature, they are overly heavy in the presence of small high-priority tasks such as interrupt service routines. Within this paper we propose an approach enabling adaptive assessment of this preemption delay in a tem- poral isolation framework with special consideration of capabilities and limitations of the approach.

Crise alimentar e crise nas pescas: paradoxos de mudança?

Desde sempre que a pesca tem constituido uma fonte importante de alimentos ao mesmo tempo que proporciona emprego e benefícios económicos aos que se dedicam a esta actividade. Antes considerava-se que a riqueza dos recursos aquáticos fosse uma dádiva ilimitada da natureza. A disponibilidade de peixe parecia permitir qualquer tipo de exploração.

Modelo matemático de mortalidade de bactérias coliformes em águas costeiras

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ecologia, Gestão e Modelação de Recursos Marinhos

Validation of psychosocial scales for physical activity in university students

OBJECTIVE Translate the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, adapt it cross-culturally and identify the psychometric properties of the psychosocial scales for physical activity in young university students.METHODS The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire is made up of 39 items divided into constructs based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The analyzed constructs were, as follows: behavior change strategy (15 items), decision-making process (10), self-efficacy (6), support from family (4), and support from friends (4). The validation procedures were conceptual, semantic, operational, and functional equivalences, in addition to the equivalence of the items and of measurements. The conceptual, of items and semantic equivalences were performed by a specialized committee. During measurement equivalence, the instrument was applied to 717 university students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the loading of each item, explained variance and internal consistency of the constructs. Reproducibility was measured by means of intraclass correlation coefficient.RESULTS The two translations were equivalent and back-translation was similar to the original version, with few adaptations. The layout, presentation order of the constructs and items from the original version were kept in the same form as the original instrument. The sample size was adequate and was evaluated by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, with values between 0.72 and 0.91. The correlation matrix of the items presented r < 0.8 (p < 0.05). The factor loadings of the items from all the constructs were satisfactory (> 0.40), varying between 0.43 and 0.80, which explained between 45.4% and 59.0% of the variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α ≥ 0.70), with support from friends being 0.70 and 0.92 for self-efficacy. Most items (74.3%) presented values above 0.70 for the reproducibility test.CONCLUSIONS The validation process steps were considered satisfactory and adequate for applying to the population.

Sistema de detecção e localização de veículos subaquáticos

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores.Área de Especialização de Sistemas Autónomos

Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão integrada de AMPs da região autónoma da Madeira casos de estudo: reserva natural parcial do Garajau e reserva natural integral das ilhas Selvagens

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais.

A segurança alimentar no consumo de pescado cru com valência para a produção de sushi

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Eficácia terapêutica da oxamniquine oral no tratamento da salmonelose septicêmica prolongada

Trinta e cinco pacientes com salmonelose septicêmica prolongada (SSP) foram selecionados para o estudo. Vinte (Grupo 1), foram tratados com a oxamniquine oral (15-20mg/kg de peso, dose única) e 15 (Grupo 2) com o cloranfenicol (50mg/kg de peso/15-20 dias). Realizaram-se exames clínico, laboratorial e radiológico antes e após o tratamento. Oito pacientes do Grupo 1 (40%) exibiram uma ou mais queixas após o tratamento. Exceção feita a um paciente que apresentou crise convulsiva, uma hora após a ingestão do medicamento, os demais efeitos colaterais foram de pouca importância. Não se observou efeito tóxico da oxamniquine à luz dos exames complementares realizados após o tratamento. Os pacientes do Grupo 2, não apresentaram qualquer manifestação que pudesse ser imputada ao cloranfenicol. No Grupo 1, 90% dos pacientes foram considerados curados e no Grupo 2, 93% também o foram. Os Autores concluem pela boa eficácia e baixa toxicidade da oxamniquine no tratamento da SSP.

The value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of Prolonged Septicemic Salmonellosis

Twenty patients with prolonged septicemic salmonellosis (Group 1) and 20 with schistosomiasis mansoni (Group 2) were selected for this study. In both groups, the Widal test was done using antigens of the sample Ty 901 (S. typhi). The test was also applied in 6 group 1 patients with antigens prepared from salmonellae isolated from these patients (autoantigens). Titres over 1:200 were considered significant. Ten group 1 patients (50%) were positive for antigen "H" and 5 (25%) were positive for antigen "O". Three patients with negative "H" and "O" reactions became positive with high titres when using autoantigens. Two other cases maintained the same positive titres and one case showed a fourfold increase in titres when the test was done 'with antigens of the Salmonella isolated. The Widal test was positive in most patients infected with group D Salmonellae. Considering titres above 1:200, all cases were negative in Group 2. The authors conclude that the Widal test has low positivity in prolonged septicemic salmonellosis. The test may be valuable in the diagnosis of this disease when using S. paratyphi "A" and "B" antigens and a mixture of Salmonella antigens taken from other groups.