非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性

基于扩展的Skyrme有效相互作用 ,在Hartree Fock近似下对非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性进行了研究 ,并与简单的三参数势 ,即所谓的软势与硬势的计算结果进行了比较 .结果发现两种模型给出的非对称核物质化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性之间的关系是完全不同的 .通过研究化学不稳定性在临界温度附近的行为发现 ,对软势与硬势 ,化学不稳定性可能出现在温度高于临界温度的气化 (全爆炸 )机制中 .而对于SKM势参数 ,化学不稳定性不会出现在温度高于临界温度的气化 (全爆炸 )机制中 .这种差别也反映在压强 密度平面上力学不稳定区与化学不稳定区的位置关系上 .进一步的计算表明 ,这种差别是由于两种模型给出的单粒子势的密度依赖形式的不同而导致的 ,这必将体现在重离子碰撞的现象中 ,从而可以作为提取核物质状态方程密度依赖形式的探针

像元尺度上不确定性对空间景观直观模型模拟的影响

L ANDIS模型是模拟自然和人为干扰下森林景观变化的空间直观景观模型。模型把景观概念化为由相同大小的像元或样地组成的格网。在每一个像元上 ,模型要求输入物种和年龄组信息。但是 ,由于研究区一般由成千上百万个像元构成 ,不可能通过实际调查获取每一个像元上的物种和年龄组信息。因此 ,采用了一种基于小班的随机赋值法从森林调查数据中获取每一个像元的物种和年龄组信息。该方法是一种基于概率的方法 ,会在 L ANDIS模型模拟的物种和年龄组信息的输入中引入不确定性。为了评价由基于小班的随机赋值法所引入像元尺度上的不确定性对模型模拟结果的影响 ,用蒙特卡罗模拟法进行不确定性分析。对 L ANDIS模型模拟的每一个物种 ,用众数年龄组发生频率来定量化单个像元上年龄组信息的不确定性 ,用所有像元上的众数年龄组平均发生频率来定量化年龄组信息在像元尺度上总的不确定性。平均发生频率越高 ,不确定性越低。为了评价基于小班的随机赋值法对景观尺度上模型模拟结果的影响 ,计算了每一个物种在整个研究区内的面积百分比和聚集度指数。变异系数越大 ,不确定性越高。对所有物种 ,年龄组信息不确定性在模型模拟的初期是比较低的 (平均发生频率大于 10 )。种子传播、建群、死亡和火干扰使模型结果的不确定

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5Y-3Nd-Zr-xGd (x=0, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys

Mg-5Y-3Nd-0.6Zr-xGd (x = 0, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting technique, the structures and mechanical properties were investigated. The alloys were mainly composed of alpha-Mg solid solution and beta-phase. With increasing Gd content, Mg5RE phase increased and the grain was refined. The Mg-5Y-3Nd-2Gd-0.6Zr alloy exhibited highest ultimate tensile strength and Mg-5Y-3Nd-0.6Zr alloy showed highest yield strength at room temperature. With increasing amount of Gd, the thermal resistance was improved. The Mg-5Y-3Nd-4Gd-0.6Zr alloy exhibited highest UTS and YS at 250 degrees C, they were about 1.27 times higher than those of Gd-free alloy, which was mainly attributed to the increase of the beta-phase and Mg5RE strengthening phase.

Crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics of Ti45Zr35Ni13Pd7 melt-spun alloys

Ti45Zr35Ni13Pd7 alloys are prepared by melt spinning at different cooling rates (v). The phase structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage performance are investigated. When U is 10 m/s, the alloy consists of icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase), C14 Laves phase and a little amorphous phase. When v increases to 20 or 30 m/s, a mixed structure of I-phase and amorphous phase is formed. Maximum discharge capacity of alloy electrode decreases from 156 mAh/g (v = 10 m/s) to 139 mAh/g (v = 30 m/s) with increasing v. High-rate discharge ability at the discharge current density of 240 mA/g decreases monotonically from 61.2% (v = 10 m/s) to 56.8% (v = 30 m/s).

Cationic cyclization of styrene-butadiene rubber

Controlled cyclization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was achieved with the aid of cationic catalyst system based on diethylaluminium chloride (AIEt(2)Cl) and benzyl chloride (C6H5CH2Cl) and by working in xylene solution at high temperature (T > 100 degreesC). The main parameters of the cyclization process were investigated. Elastomers with low intrinsic viscosity, ready solubility, free gel were obtained. The products were characterized with IR H-1-NMR, DSC, GPC. The polycyclic structure was determined. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

强镇痛活性生物碱Epibatidine及其类似物的构效关系研究

强镇痛活性生物碱Ｅｐｉｂａｔｉｄｉｎｅ及其类似物的构效关系研究徐建平，何东，王志中，沈家骢，高连勋，宋雅茹（吉林大学化学系理论化学研究所，长春，１３００２３）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）（北京师范大学化学系）关键词Ｅｐｉｂａｔｉｄｉｎｅ，ＡＭ１，...

Potential P limitation leads to excess N in the pearl river estuarine coastal plume

There is excess nitrate (NO3) in the Pearl River coastal plume in the southern waters of Hong Kong in summer. We hypothesize that phosphorus (P) limitation controls the utilization of excess NO3 due to the high N:P ratio in the Pearl River. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two 1-day cruises on July 13 and 19, 2000 to examine the response of the phytoplankton to P additions with respect to changes in biomass, uptake of nutrients and nutrient uptake ratios using a batch incubation of natural water samples collected from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal waters. At a station (E1, salinity =5) in the Pearl River estuary, the N/P ratio at the surface was 46:1, (64 muM DIN: 1.3 muM PO4) and decreased to 24:1 (12 muM DIN: 0.5 muM PO4) downstream at a station (Stn 26, salinity =26) in the coastal plume south of Hong Kong. Without a P addition, NO3 in the water samples collected at E1 could not be depleted during a 9 day incubation (similar to20 muM NO3 remaining). With a P addition, NO3 disappeared completely on day 6 with the depletion of the added PO4 (2-3 muM). This was also true for a station, E4 (salinity= 15) further downstream, but within the estuary. At Stn 26, in the coastal plume south of Hong Kong, NO3 (similar to11.5 muM) was eventually depleted without the addition of PO4, but it took 8 days instead of 5 days for Stn E4. The uptake ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO4, without a P addition was 51:1, 43:1 and 46:1 for Stns E1, E4 and 26, respectively. With a P addition, the DIN/PO4 uptake ratio decreased to 20:1, 14:1 and 12:1, respectively, for the 3 stations. These results clearly indicate potential P limitation to utilization of NO3 in the Pearl River estuary, resulting in excess NO3 in waters of the coastal plume downstream of the estuary, some of which would eventually be transported offshore. High uptake ratios of N:P without a P addition (43N:1P) suggest that phytoplankton have a nitrogen uptake capacity in excess of the Redfield ratio of 16N: 1P by 2.5-3 times. The value of 2.5-3 times was likely a maximum that should have contained a contribution of P released from desorption of P from sediments or from regeneration by zooplankton grazing and bacterial activity during the incubation of natural water samples. Without a P addition, however, phytoplankton biomass did not increase. This means that P turnover rates or regeneration may allow phytoplankton to take up additional N in excess of the Redfield ratio and store it, but without increasing the algal biomass. Therefore, high ambient N:P ratios in excess of the Redfield ratio do indicate potential P limitation to phytoplankton biomass in this estuarine coastal ecosystem. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

三自由度机器人机械关节设计

多自由度机器人机械关节的研究开发是机器人机械系统设计的重要课题之一,本文从结构设计角度介绍作者关于三自由度机械关系的几种结构原理并对其运动控制等问题加以分析论证。

固相萃取-色谱测定水、沉积物及土壤中氯霉素和3种四环素类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱（UV）检测水、沉积物和土壤中的氯霉素、土霉素、四环素和金霉素4种抗生素的方法。水样、土壤和沉积物样品的前处理采用EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲溶液提取,用SAX-HLB串联小柱纯化和富集,用丙酮（含10%甲醇）洗脱进一步减小天然有机质的影响。采用乙腈和0.01mol/L草酸溶液作为流动相,8min内分离4种抗生素。测定了贵阳市阿哈湖、南明河和乌江渡水库的水样及沉积物,均有抗生素检出。

A new method of predicting of gas chromatographic retention indices for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)

A new method has been developed to describe the quantitative relationship between molecular structures of PCDFs and their gas chromatographic retention indices on a 30-m fused silica column coated with DB-5 stationary phase. The regression equation is derived with a multiple correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995. The highest residual is 20 index units. The standard deviation is less than 7 index units. Using this regression equation, the retention indices of PCDFs for which data is not available have also been predicted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reaction time and replenishment time of SP and CGRP after incision in rat skin

Background. the skin neurogenic inflammation is mainly related to Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP). There is no data on their availability in the dynamics of skin nerve endings, concerning their release and replenishment after a nociceptive stimulus, so this was investigated. Materials and methods. 25 rats were randomly distributed in 5 groups. the animals of the control group (CG) determined the baseline levels of neuropeptides in the skin. the groups S0 and S30 did not receive any cutaneous stimulus at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. in the group S1, an incision stimulus was made at 30 minutes. in the group S31, a nociceptive stimulus was performed by subdermal scratching at 30 minutes and, at 60 minutes, the incision stimulus was carried out in the same location (nociceptive hyperstimulation). the skin samples of the other animals were harvested from the back 1 minute after their death. SP, pro-CGRP and CGRP were quantified by Western Blotting. Results. the incision stimulus released SP, S1 compared to S0 (p < 0.05) detected in the first minute, and the replenishment time was more than 30 minutes. Also, it cleaved pro-CGRP, S1 compared to S31 (p < 0.05) in the first minute, and its replenishment time less than 30 minutes. Release of CGRP was not detected. Conclusion. the incision released SP already detected in the first minute; its replenishment time is more than 30 minutes. the incision decreased pro-CGRP, also detected in the first minute; and its replenishment time is less than 30 minutes.