Archean tectonics and crustal evolution of the Biligiri Rangan Block, southern India

The Southern Granulite Terrain in India is a collage of crustal blocks ranging in age from Archean to Neoproterozoic. This study investigate the tectonic evolution of one of the northernmost block- the Biligiri Block (BRB) through a multidisciplinary approach involving field investigation, petrographic studies, LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopic analyses, metamorphic P-T phase diagram computations, and crustal thickness modeling. The garnet bearing quartzofeldspathic gneiss from the central BRB preserve Mesoarchean magmatic zircons with ages between 3207 and 2806 Ma and positive epsilon Hf value (+2.7) which possibly indicates vestiges of a Mesoarchean primitive continental crust. The occurrence of quartzite-iron formation intercalation as well as ultramafic lenses along the western boundary of the BRB is interpreted to indicate that the Kollegal structural lineament is a possible paleo-suture. Phase diagram computation of a metagabbro from the southwestern periphery of the Kollegal suture zone reveals high-pressure (similar to 18.5 kbar) and medium-temperature (similar to 840 degrees C) metamorphism, likely during eastward subduction of the Western Dharwar oceanic crust beneath the Mesoarchean BRB. In the model presented here, slab subduction, melting and underplating processes generated arc magmatism and subsequent charnockitization within the BRB between ca. 2650 Ma and ca. 2498 Ma. These results thus reveal Meso- to Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the BRB. The spatial variation of crustal thickness, derived from flexure inversion technique, provides additional constraints on the tectonic linkage of the BRB with its surrounding terrains. In conjunction with published data, the Moyar and the Kollegal suture zones are considered to mark the trace of ocean closure along which the Nilgiri and Biligiri Rangan Blocks accreted on to the Western Dharwar Craton. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A systematic asymptotic approach to determine the dispersion characteristics of structural-acoustic waveguides with arbitrary fluid loading

Structural-acoustic waveguides of two different geometries are considered: a 2-D rectangular and a circular cylindrical geometry. The objective is to obtain asymptotic expansions of the fluid-structure coupled wavenumbers. The required asymptotic parameters are derived in a systematic way, in contrast to the usual intuitive methods used in such problems. The systematic way involves analyzing the phase change of a wave incident on a single boundary of the waveguide. Then, the coupled wavenumber expansions are derived using these asymptotic parameters. The phase change is also used to qualitatively demarcate the dispersion diagram as dominantly structure-originated, fluid originated or fully coupled. In contrast to intuitively obtained asymptotic parameters, this approach does not involve any restriction on the material and geometry of the structure. The derived closed-form solutions are compared with the numerical solutions and a good match is obtained. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Research on Dynamic Micro-Deformation under Laser Point Source

The dynamic micro-deformation of the specimen under laser point source is measured using a laser beam reflex amplifier system and numerically simulated by Msc.Marc software. Compared with experimental result and calculated result, the final deformation direction of the specimen depends on the result of the thermal strain and the phase transformation strain cooperation, away from the laser beam or towards the laser beam, the final deformation angle depends on temperature gradient in the thickness direction and the geometry constraint of the specimen. The conclusion lays the foundation for further research on the mechanism of laser bending. At the same time, it is proposed that the model of calculation based on classical Fourier heat transfer theory cannot be enough to simulate the dynamic micro-deformation of the specimen under laser point source, the model of calculation should be modified in the future.

水射流辅助破岩机理研究(1)——气泡空蚀

利用MSC.Dytram软件中的具有强度的多材料欧拉网格模拟了高速运动气泡对靶板(岩石)的冲击过程,研究了靶板破坏深度、破坏宽度与气泡初始压力、速度以及入射方向等的关系,试图指出这些关系的物理意义并分析射流破岩机理.

Ice induced low temperature fatigue crack propagation in offshore structural steel A131

To investigate the low temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of offshore structural steel A131 under random ice loading, three ice failure modes that are commonly present in the Bohai Gulf are simulated according to the vibration stress responses induced by real ice loading. The test data are processed by a universal software FCPUSL developed on the basis of the theory of fatigue crack propagation and statistics. The fundamental parameter controlling the fatigue crack propagation induced by random ice loading is determined to be the amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor K-arm. The test results are presented on the crack propagation diagram where the crack growth rate da/dN is described as the function of K-arm. It is evident that the ice failure modes have great influence on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of the steel in ice-induced vibration. However, some of the experimental phenomena and test results are hard to be physically explained at present. The work in this paper is an initial attempt to investigate the cause of collapse of offshore structures due to ice loading.

Research on the Temperature Field in Laser Hardening

Temperature field in the laser hardening process was numerically simulated by MSC.Marc software. The influence of energy density on laser hardening effect is analyzed. Simulation result is verified through the thermocouple temperature transducer measuring the specimen surface temperature under the laser irradiation. Experimental curves of temperature versus time are in agreement with simulation results. The simulation results can be regarded as a basis for choosing laser technological parameters.

Thermodynamics of the displacive mechanism of alpha(1) transformation in a beta

Thermodynamics of the displacive mechanism of plate-shaped phase alpha(1) was analyzed in beta'Cu-Zn alloys. It was proposed that the displacive transformation of the alpha(1) plate took place in the solute-depleted region formed in the parent phase during the incubation period. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the driving force of alpha(1) transformation, Delta G, increased with the reduction of x(d), the solute concentration of the depleted region. And, Delta G could overcome-the transformation barrier with solute depletion to a certain degree. In addition, x(d) was higher than the equilibrium concentration in the phase diagram. Therefore, the shear formation of alpha(1) plate in the solute-depleted region was thermodynamically supported.

The interaction between poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and reversed micelles of water/AOT/n-heptane

The interactions between poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and the reversed micelles composed of water, AOT, and n-heptane are investigated with the aid of phase diagram, measurements of conductivity and viscosity, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The phase diagrams of water/AOT/heptane in the presence of and absence of PVP are given. The conductivity of the water/AOT/heptane reversed micelle without PVP initially increases and then decreases with the increase of water content, ω0 (the molar ratio of water to AOT), while the plots of conductivity (K) versus ω0 of the reversed micelle in the presence of PVP depend on the PVP concentrations. The plot of K versus ω0 with 2.0%wt PVP is similar to that without PVP. Only the ω0,max (the water content that the maximum conductivity corresponds to) is larger than that without PVP. Nevertheless, the conductivity of the reversed micelle containing more than 4%wt PVP always rises with the increase of the water content in the measured range. The DLS results indicate that the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) in the presence and absence of PVP rises with the increase of ω0. The plots with PVP and without PVP have almost the same value when ω0<17; and after that, it quickly increases with the increase of ω0. It is interesting to find that there is almost no effect of the PVP concentration on the viscosity and Rh of the reversed micelle at ω0 = 15. The FTIR results suggest that the contents of SO3--bound water and Na+-bound water both decrease with PVP added, while the content of the bulky-like water increases. However, the trapped water in the hydrophobic chain of the surfactant is nearly unaffected by PVP. It is also found from the FTIR that the carbonyl group stretching vibration of AOT is fitted into two sub-peaks, which center at 1740 and 1729 cm-1, corresponding to the trans and cis conformations of AOT, respectively.

Dynamic Behaviour of Nanoscale Electrostatic Actuators

The dynamic behaviour for nanoscale electrostatic actuators is studied. A two Parameter mass-spring model is shown to exhibit a bifurcation from the case excluding an equilibrium point to the case including two equilibrium points as the geometrical dimensions of the device are altered. Stability analysis shows that one is a stable Hopf bifurcation point and the other is an unstable saddle point. In addition, we plot the diagram phases, which have periodic orbits around the Hopf point and a homoclinic orbit passing though the unstable saddle point.

固体火箭发动机柔性接头弹性件力学性能研究

针对固体火箭发动机柔性接头中的橡胶材料，研究了在进行这种橡胶结构有限元计算中橡胶材料的力学行为的表征。进行了单轴拉伸与简单剪切材料力学性能试验，根据不同材料模型对试验曲线进行了拟合，并用MSC／Marc软件模拟了超弹性材料的单轴拉伸与简单剪切变形过程。结果表明：采用单轴拉伸试验数据预测材料剪切性能会造成明显误差，而简单剪切试验得到的模型可以比较准确描述材料的拉伸和剪切变形，针对柔性接头这种以剪切变形为主的结构，应选取剪切试验数据；当应变大于150％时，不同材料模型与试验数据的选用范围对计算结果具有明显影响。

Evaluación de alternativas químicas y biológicas en el manejo del tizón tardío (Phitopthora infestans, (Mont.) de Bary) en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum)

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la evaluación del efecto de alternativas químicas y biológicas para el manejo del tizón tardío [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary]. El ensayo se estableció en Aranjuez, Matagalpa en los meses de Octubre 2006 a Enero 2007, utilizando el diseño de bloques completo al azar (BCA) con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones donde se evaluaron fungicidas de contacto y sistémicos, incluyendo también un fungicida biológico como preventivo. Las aplicaciones se hicieron antes que aparecieran los primeros síntomas con fungicidas de contacto, después de los primeros síntomas las aplicaciones con sistémicos, no más de tres aplicaciones, excepto en el tratamiento 3 que fue a criterio del productor. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: un testigo al cual no se le aplico ningún fungicida, T1 (Mancozeb + Alliete), T2 (Bravonil + Equation), T3 (Hachero + Curzate), T4 (Mancozeb + Amistar), T5 (Serenade + Flint), T6 (Mancozeb + Curzate) y T7 (Serenade + Curzate). La variedad utilizada fue Calwhite variedad susceptible a esta enfermedad, posteriormente los datos registrados durante el ensayo fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SAS v ersión 9.1.3. Las variable evaluadas fueron: severidad, área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE) y de acuerdo a esto se diagramó la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (CPE), donde los resultados muestran que el tratamiento 5 no tuvo ningún efecto en el control de la enfermedad, al igual que el testigo mostrando siempre una fase exponencial a partir de la segunda semana después de haber emergido el total de las plantas, hasta alcanzar su máximo porcentaje de severidad. El tratamiento 3 mantuvo su fase logarítmica hasta los 43 días después de la emergencia (dde) con un porcentaje de severidad menor al 25% y los tratamientos 1, 2, 4 y 7 mostraron su fase exponencial después de los 43 dde, en cambio el tratamiento 6 mostró una sola fase logarítmica, siendo este el mas efectivo para el manejo de la enfermedad.

A Linear Stability Analysis Of Large-Prandtl-Number Thermocapillary Liquid Bridges

A linear stability analysis is applied to determine the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in cylindrical liquid bridges of large Prandtl numbers (4 <= Pr <= 50). We focus on the relationships between the critical Reynolds number Re-c, the azimuthal wave number m, the aspect ratio F and the Prandtl number Pr. A detailed Re-c-Pr stability diagram is given for liquid bridges with various Gamma. In the region of Pr > 1, which has been less studied previously and where Re, has been usually believed to decrease with the increase of Pr, we found Re-c exhibits an early increase for liquid bridges with Gamma around one. From the computed surface temperature gradient, it is concluded that the boundary layers developed at both solid ends of liquid bridges strengthen the stability of basic axisymmetric thermocapillary convection at large Prandtl number, and that the stability property of the basic flow is determined by the "effective" part of liquid bridge. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Streamline topology and dilute particle dynamics in a Karman vortex street flow

Three types of streamline topology in a Karman vortex street flow are shown under the variation of spatial parameters. For the motion of dilute particles in the Karman vortex street flow, there exist a route of bifurcation to a chaotic orbit and more attractors in a bifurcation diagram for the proportion of particle density to fluid density. Along with the increase of spatial parameters in the flow field, the bifurcation process is suspended, as well as more and more attractors emerge. In the motion of dilute particles, a drag term and gravity term dominate and result in the bifurcation phenomenon.

Farmacología veterinaria II

La Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), pone en manos de la comunidad educativa superior nicaragüense y en manos de la sociedad en general, el libro de texto Farmacología Veterinaria II cuya autoría corresponde a la médico veterinaria Varinia Paredes V. MSc., miembro del claustro de profesores de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal. El documento está en correspondencia con las temáticas que se abordan en el Curso de Farmacología Veterinaria y fue elaborado con el propósito de colaborar con la preparación de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. En el texto se enuncian fármacos de reciente incorporación y temas que conciernen a la terapéutica antimicrobiana, como los antibióticos, antisépticos y desinfectantes. También se nombra la farmacología de los sistemas digestivo, cardiovascular, tegumentario así como lo concerniente al equilibrio de líquidos, corticosteroides suprarrenales sintéticos, antihistamínicos y vitaminas. La profesora Paredes ha sido una estudiosa de la farmacología veterinaria, la cual como toda ciencia, está en constante cambio y actualización. Es por eso que el contenido del presente texto es un material de consulta útil para los profesionales veterinarios, a quienes en su labor, les permitirá hacer uso racional de los fármacos.

Inocuidad de los alimentos

La Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), pone en manos de la comunidad educativa superior nicaragüense y en manos de la sociedad en general, el libro de texto Inocuidad de los alimentos, cuya autoría corresponde a la médico veterinaria Varinia Paredes V. MSc., miembro del claustro de profesores de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal. El documento está en correspondencia con las temáticas que se abordan en el Curso Inocuidad de los Alimentos, de la Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de la facultad en mención. La profesora Paredes ha sido una estudiosa de principios generales que rigen la inspección veterinaria de los alimentos, las enfermedades que pueden ser transmitidas por éstos y la inocuidad de los productos de origen animal. En su obra analiza las causas de las alteraciones a la salud provocadas por los alimentos y las alteraciones de los mismos. Nos pone en perspectiva los métodos para la conservación de los alimentos y luego analiza cada uno de los productos alimenticios de origen animal enfatizando en las buenas prácticas para la obtención de productos inocuos durante la industrialización de los mismos. Al final del texto, la autora incluye información sobre normas internacionales básicas para la industria de los alimentos, enfatizando sobre la importancia y beneficio de dichas normas.