Adhesive performance of dentin bonding agents applied in vivo and in vitro. Effect of intrapulpal pressure and dentin depth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of intrapulpal pressure and dentin depth on bond strengths of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etching bonding agent to dentin in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-four pairs of premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) according to the dentin bonding agent, Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond, and intrapulpal pressure, null or positive. Each tooth of the pair was further designated to be treated in vivo or in vitro. The intrapulpal pressure was controlled in vivo by the delivery of local anesthetics containing or not a vasoconstrictor, while in vitro, it was achieved by keeping the teeth under hydrostatic pressure. Class I cavities were prepared and the dentin bonding agents were applied followed by incremental resin restoration. For the teeth treated in vitro, the same restorative procedures were performed after a 6 month-storage period. Beams with I mm 2 cross-sectional area were prepared and, microtensile tested. Clearfil SE Bond was not influenced by any of the variables of the study, while bond strengths produced in vitro were significatly higher for Single Bond. Overall, lower bond strengths were produced in deep dentin, which reached statistical significance when Single Bond was applied under physiological or simulated intrapulpal pressure. In conclusion, in vitro bonding may overestimate the immediate adhesive performance of more technique-sensitive dentin bonding systems. The impact of intrapulpal pressure on bond strength seems to be more adhesive dependent than dentin morphological characteristics related to depth. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hardness and compressive strength of indirect composite resins: effects of immersion in distilled water

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ageing in distilled water on the hardness and compressive strength of a direct composite resin Z100, a feldspatic porcelain (Noritake) and three indirect composites (Artglass, Solidex and Targis). For the Vickers hardness tests, five disk-shaped specimens (2 x 4 mm) of each material were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. The hardness tests were conducted using a Vickers diamond indentor. Compressive strength measurements were recorded on cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 12 mm. The compression tests were carried out with a constant cross-head speed of 0.5 mm min(-1) on a mechanical test machine. For each material, 10 specimens were tested after 7 days of dry storage at 37 +/- 1 degreesC and 10 specimens were tested after water storage at 37 +/- 1 degreesC for 180 days. Noritake porcelain specimens showed higher hardness values than the composites. Among the composite materials, Z100 promoted the highest VHN values, regardless of the ageing periods. The results showed that Solidex and Z100 had the highest compressive strength values. Ageing in water reduced the hardness for all composites, but had no long-term effect on the compressive strength.

The effect of ceramic surface treatment on bonding to densely sintered alumina ceramic

Statement of problem. Ceramic surface treatment is crucial for bonding to resin. High crystalline ceramics are poorly conditioned using traditional procedures.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silica coating on a densely sintered alumina ceramic relative to its bond strength to composite, using a resin luting agent.Material and methods. Blocks (6 X 6 X 5 mm) of ceramic and composite were made. The ceramic (Procera AllCeram) surfaces were polished, and the blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 5): SB, airborne-particle abrasion with 110-mu m Al(2)O(3); RS, silica coating using Rocatec System; and CS, silica coating using CoJet System. The treated ceramic blocks were luted to the composite (W3D Master) blocks using a resin luting agent (Panavia F). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days and then Cut in 2 axes, x and y, to obtain specimens with a bonding area of approximately 0.6 mm(2) (n = 30). The specimens were loaded to failure in tension in a universal testing machine, and data were statistically analyzed using a randomized complete block design analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05). Fractured surfaces were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the type of failure. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used for surface compositional analysis.Results. Mean bond strength values (MPa) of Groups RS (17.1 +/- 3.9) (P = .00015) and CS (18.5 +/- 4.7) (P=.00012) were significantly higher than the values of Group SB (12.7 +/- 2.6). There was no statistical difference between Groups RS and CS. All failures occurred at the adhesive zone.Conclusion. Tribochemical silica coating systems increased the tensile bond strength values between Panavia F and Procera AllCeram ceramic.

Indirect determination of chloride and sulfate ions in alcohol fuel by capillary electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis method using indirect UV detection for the analysis of chloride and sulfate in alcohol fuel samples was developed. The anions were analyzed in less than 3 min using an electrolyte containing 10 mmol 1(-1) chromate and 0.75 mmol 1(-1) hexamethonium bromide (HMB) as electroosmotic flow modifier. Coefficients of variation were better than 0.6% for migration time (n = 10) and between 2.05 and 2.82% for peak area repeatabilities. Analytical curves of peak area versus concentration in the range of 0.065-0.65 mg kg(-1) for chloride and 0.25-4.0 mg kg(-1) for sulfate were linear with coefficients of correlation higher than 0.9996. The limits of detection for sulfate and chloride were 0.033 and 0.041 mg kg(-1), respectively. Recovery values ranged from 85 to 103%. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of sulfate and chloride in five alcohol fuel samples. The concentration of sulfate varied from 0.45 to 3.12 mg kg(-1). Chloride concentrations were below the method's LOD.

Effect of spin-polarized subbands in the inhomogeneous hole gas providing the indirect exchange in GaMnAs bilayers

The magnetic order resulting from the indirect exchange in the metallic phase of a (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs double layer structure is studied via Monte Carlo simulation. The polarization of the hole gas is taken into account, establishing a self-consistency between the magnetic order and the electronic structure. The Curie-Weiss temperatures calculated for these low-dimensional systems are in the range of 50-80 K, and the dependence of the transition temperature with the GaAs separation layer is established. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.

H-bonding in entrapped water in poly(o-methoxyaniline): Results from a differential scanning calorimetry study

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate entrapped water in poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) in powder form. Two endothermic peaks were attributed to removal of water molecules that were adsorbed with distinct energies. By obtaining thermograms at various heating rates, we succeeded in applying Kissinger's approaches to estimate activation energies for the water adsorbed. The values obtained were ca. 25 and 53 kJ/mol, which correspond to H-bonding interactions, probably at the amine and imine centers of POMA, respectively. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of two immunochromatographic assays and the indirect immunofluorscence antibody test for diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs in south central Louisiana

Two rapid tests evaluated in dogs considered to be of high risk of Infection with the Chagas parasite Trypanosoma cruzi using two immunochromatographic assays. Trypanosoma Detect (TM) for canine, InBios, Seattle, WA and CHAGAS STAT-PAK (TM) assay, Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Medford, NY, in south central Louisiana. For this purpose a serological survey was carried out in a total of 122 dogs and a serum bank was created. These 122 animals were first tested by IFAT that was used as the standard test From the serum bank 50 samples were tested using the two rapid Chagas assays and results compared to the standard test IFAT The serological survey using IFAT showed it prevalence of T cruzi infection in 22.1% of the tested dogs. In the immunochromatographic assays. 13 and 11 animals were positive on rapid assay Trypanosoma Detect (TM) for canine, InBios and CHAGAS STAT-PAK (TM), Chembio Diagnostic Systems, respectively compared to 11 positive by IFAT. These two immunochromatographic tests have shown high susceptibility and specificity compared to our standard method IFAT. The rapid, easy and accurate screening assays used in conjunction with confirmatory tests, would be an excellent tool for veterinarians to diagnose T cruzi infection. Early detection of T cruzi infection may prevent complications through an effective treatment. Greater awareness by veterinarians of the risk. clinical findings, history along with diagnostic methods will contribute greatly to an understanding of the true prevalence of Chagas disease in dogs in Louisiana. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of cross infections by Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. in dogs using indirect immunoenzyme assay, indirect fluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)