804 resultados para Honkavaara, Katja


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Emerging adulthood is a time of instability. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between mental health and need satisfaction among emerging adults over a period of five years and focused on gender-specific differences. Two possible causal models were examined: (1) the mental health model, which predicts that incongruence is due to the presence of impaired mental health at an earlier point in time; (2) the consistency model, which predicts that impaired mental health is due to a higher level of incongruence reported at an earlier point in time. Emerging adults (N = 1,017) aged 18–24 completed computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003 (T1), 2005 (T2), and 2008 (T3). The results indicate that better mental health at T1 predicts a lower level of incongruence two years later (T2), when prior level of incongruence is controlled for. The same cross-lagged effect is shown for T3. However, the cross-lagged paths from incongruence to mental health are marginally associated when prior mental health is controlled for. No gender differences were found in the cross-lagged model. The results support the mental health model and show that incongruence does not have a long-lasting negative effect on mental health. The results highlight the importance of identifying emerging adults with poor mental health early to provide support regarding need satisfaction.

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Die Forschungsarbeit greift ein wissenschaftlich wie praktisch relevantes Thema auf. Im Zentrum dieser Langzeitstudie steht die bisher kaum erforschte Vielfalt der Partnerschaften in der zweiten Lebenshälfte. Das vorliegende Forschungsdossier will Einblick geben in die methodische Konzipierung und Durchführung der Studie. Wie daraus ersichtlich wurde, stellen die grosse Stichprobe sowie die Vielfalt der erhobenen Variablen stellen eine gute Grundlage dar, um aussagekräftige und generalisierbare Resultate zu erhalten. Wie die hohe Rücklaufquote bei der 2. Befragung zeigt, ist das Committment der Studienteilnehmenden hoch. Die Untersuchung verschiedener Verlaufskurven von Vulnerabilität und Wachstum nach kritischen Lebensereignissen, welche indirekt oder direkt mit der Partnerschaft zusammenhängen, schliesst einige Forschungslücken über die Bedeutung der Zeit, der Persönlichkeit und des sozialen Kontextes auf die psychische Adaptation von Personen im mittleren und hohen Alter. Die bislang durchgeführten Analysen erbrachten in der Tat spannende Ergebnisse, die in hochrangigen wissenschaftlichen Journals publiziert wurden ( z.B. Perrig-Chiello, Hutchison & Morselli, 2014; Spahni et al., 2015; Perrig-Chiello, Knöpfli & Gloor, 2013) – viele Artikel sind in Vorbereitung oder eingereicht. Daneben stiessen die Ergebnisse auch auf grosses mediales Interesse. Dies alles sind gute Perspektiven für die 2. Phase des Projektes (2015-2018). Die erste Zielsetzung umfasst die Fortführung Langzeiterhebung mit einer dritten Befragung 2016. Eine besondere Stärke dieses Projekts stellt beachtliche Anzahl Personen (N=620) dar, welche zum Zeitpunkt der 1. Welle kurz nach einem kritischen Lebensereignis befanden (Trennung oder Tod des Partners in den letzten 12 Monaten). Daraus ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Verläufe der psychologischen Anpassung unmittelbar nach einem kritischen Lebensereignis zu verfolgen. Ab 2015 ist nicht nur die Weiterführung der Fragebogenerhebung, sondern auch die Implementierung einer kontrollierten online Interventionsstudie für Personen mit einer komplizierten Trauer geplant.

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Verwitwung im Alter stellt ein normatives Lebensereignis dar. Dennoch ist die Bewältigung des Partnerverlusts als kritische Transition zu betrachten, welche auch bei günstigen Sozialbedingungen und Unterstützung durch Familien- und Freundeskreis in starkem Masse individuell zu bewältigen ist und im Zusammenhang mit den vorhandenen Ressourcen betrachtet werden muss. Die vorliegenden Resultate weisen auf Geschlechtsunterschiede in Bezug auf die retrospektive Wahrnehmung der Partnerschaft, die angewandten Verarbeitungsstrategien im Umgang mit dem Verlust sowie der partnerschaftlichen Neuorientierung nach der Verwitwung hin. Der Vergleich der angewandten Bewältigungsstrategien sowie der Befindlichkeitsmasse nach einer Verwitwung zeugt von erheblicher Kontinuität über eine Zeitperiode von 2 Jahren hinweg.

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The majority of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients suffer from a live-threatening loss of intercellular adhesion between keratinocytes (acantholysis). The disease is caused by auto-antibodies that bind to desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (Dsg) 3 or Dsg3 and Dsg1 in mucous membranes and skin. A currently unresolved controversy in PV is whether apoptosis is involved in the pathogenic process. The objective of this study was to perform preclinical studies to investigate apoptotic pathway activation in PV pathogenesis with the goal to assess its potential for clinical therapy. For this purpose, we investigated mouse and human skin keratinocyte cultures treated with PV antibodies (the experimental Dsg3 monospecific antibody AK23 or PV patients IgG), PV mouse models (passive transfer of AK23 or PVIgG into adult and neonatal mice) as well as PV patients' biopsies (n=6). A combination of TUNEL assay, analyses of membrane integrity, early apoptotic markers such as cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the collapse of actin cytoskeleton failed to provide evidence for apoptosis in PV pathogenesis. However, the in vitro and in vivo PV models, allowing to monitor progression of lesion formation, revealed an early, transient and low-level caspase-3 activation. Pharmacological inhibition confirmed the functional implication of caspase-3 in major events in PV such as shedding of Dsg3, keratin retraction, proliferation including c-Myc induction, p38MAPK activation and acantholysis. Together, these data identify low-level caspase-3 activation downstream of disrupted Dsg3 trans- or cis-adhesion as a major event in PV pathogenesis that is non-synonymous with apoptosis and represents, unlike apoptotic components, a promising target for clinical therapy. At a broader level, these results posit that an impairment of adhesive functions in concert with low-level, non-lethal caspase-3 activation can evoke profound cellular changes which may be of relevance for other diseases including cancer.

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Scheidung nach vielen Ehejahren stellt ein einschneidendes und stressreiches Lebensereignis dar, was sich nicht zuletzt in den geringeren Werten verschiedener Befindlichkeitsindikatoren im Vergleich zu langjährig verheirateten Personen zeigt. Im zeitlichen Verlauf lässt sich jedoch ein deutlicher Erholungseffekt der betroffenen Personen erkennen, insbesondere bei Frauen. Verschiedene Ergebnisse weisen auf einen erfolgreichen Bewältigungsprozess bezüglich der Trennung hin: Fast ein Drittel der Befragten gab an, kein Bedürfnis für die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe für die Bewältigung der Trennung mehr zu haben, und auch die Beurteilung der Trennung fällt positiver als zum ersten Befragungszeitpunkt aus. Als wichtige Ressourcen können dabei eine neue Partnerschaft, die Unterstützung durch Drittpersonen, mehrheitlich durch Familie und Freunde, wie auch Generativität genannt werden. Auch weisen die Resultate auf eine hohen Stellenwert der partnerschaftlichen Kommunikation hin: Kommunikationsprobleme wurden von beiden Geschlechtern als eine der häufigsten Trennungsgründe angegeben. Ausserdem wurde „Kommunikation in der Partnerschaft“ von der Gruppe der Getrennten/Geschiedenen als häufigstes Rezept für eine erfolgreiche Partnerschaft genannt.

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Background: Survivors of brain tumors have a high risk for a wide range of cognitive problems. These dysfunctions are caused by the lesion itself and its surgical removal, as well as subsequent treatments (chemo- and/or radiation therapy). Multiple recent studies have indicated that children with brain tumors (BT) might already exhibit cognitive problems at diagnosis, i.e., before the start of any medical treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the baseline neuropsychological profile in children with BT compared to children with an oncological diagnosis not involving the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: Twenty children with BT and 27 children with an oncological disease without involvement of the CNS (age range: 6.1 to 16.9 years) were evaluated with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests tailored to the patient’s age. Furthermore, the child and his/her parent(s) completed self-report questionnaires about emotional functioning and quality of life. In both groups, tests were administered before any therapeutic intervention such as surgery, chemotherapy or irradiation. Groups were comparable with regard to age, gender and socioeconomic status. Results: Compared to the control group, patients with BTs performed significantly worse in tests of working memory, verbal memory and attention (effect sizes between 0.28 and 0.47). In contrast, the areas of perceptual reasoning, processing speed and verbal comprehension were preserved at the time of measurement. Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for cognitive interventions early in the treatment process in order to minimize or prevent academic difficulties as patients return to school.

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Prospective cohort studies significantly contribute to answering specific research questions in a defined population. Since 2008, the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS) systematically enrolled >95 % of all transplant recipients in Switzerland, collecting predefined data at determined time points. Designed as an open cohort, the STCS has included >3900 patients to date, with a median follow-up of 2.96 years (IQR 1.44-4.73). This review highlights some relevant findings in the field of transplant-associated infections gained by the STCS so far. Three key general aspects have crystallized: (i) Well-run cohort studies are a powerful tool to conduct genetic studies, which are crucially dependent on a meticulously described phenotype. (ii) Long-term real-life observations are adding a distinct layer of information that cannot be obtained during randomized studies. (iii) The systemic collection of data, close interdisciplinary collaboration, and continuous analysis of some key outcome data such as infectious diseases endpoints can improve patient care.

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Bindungen und Beziehungen sind für den Menschen als soziales Wesen elementar. Bereits die ersten zwischenmenschlichen Kontakte beeinflussen die Entwicklung von Persönlichkeit und Vertrauen. Sind daher Kleinkinder, die in einer Tagesstätte oder einem Heim betreut werden, in ihrer Bindungssicherheit gefährdet? Dieser Band stellt die Grundlagen der Bindungstheorie und Ursachen von Bindungsstörungen dar und untersucht, welchen Einfluss außerfamiliäre Betreuung auf die Bindungssicherheit von Kindern hat. Aus dem Inhalt: - Grundlagen der Bindungstheorie nach Bowlby und Ainsworth - Frühkindliche Bindungsmuster - Bindungsstörungen bei Kindern - Prävalenz und Komorbiditäten von Bindungsstörung - Tagesbetreuung von unter Dreijährigen - Lebenswelt Heim

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OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro effects of hypertonic solutions and colloids to saline on coagulation in dogs. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-one adult dogs. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were diluted with saline, 7.2% hypertonic saline solution with 6% hydroxyethylstarch with an average molecular weight of 200 kDa and a molar substitution of 0.4 (HH), 7.2% hypertonic saline (HTS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 or hydroxyethyl starch 600/0.75 at ratios of 1:22 and 1:9, and with saline and HES at a ratio of 1:3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Whole blood coagulation was analyzed using rotational thromboelastometry (extrinsic thromboelastometry-cloting time (ExTEM-CT), maximal clot firmness (MCF) and clot formation time (CFT) and fibrinogen function TEM-CT (FibTEM-CT) and MCF) and platelet function was analyzed using a platelet function analyzer (closure time, CTPFA ). All parameters measured were impaired by saline dilution. The CTPFA was prolonged by 7.2% hypertonic saline solution with 6% hydroxyethylstarch with an average molecular weight of 200 kDa and a molar substitution of 0.4 (HH) and HTS but not by HES solutions. At clinical dilutions equivalent to those generally administered for shock (saline 1:3, HES 1:9, and hypertonic solutions 1:22), CTPFA was more prolonged by HH and HTS than other solutions but more by saline than HES. No difference was found between the HES solutions or the hypertonic solutions. ExTEM-CFT and MCF were impaired by HH and HTS but only mildly by HES solutions. At clinically relevant dilutions, no difference was found in ExTEM-CFT between HTS and saline or in ExTEM-MCF between HH and saline. No consistent difference was found between the 2 HES solutions but HH impaired ExTEM-CFT and MCF more than HTS. At high dilutions, FibTEM-CT and -MCF and ExTEM-CT were impaired by HES. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic solutions affect platelet function and whole blood coagulation to a greater extent than saline and HES. At clinically relevant dilutions, only CTPFA was markedly more affected by hypertonic solutions than by saline. At high dilutions, HES significantly affects coagulation but to no greater extent than saline at clinically relevant dilutions.

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Melanotic tumors of the nervous system show overlapping histological characteristics but differ substantially in their biological behavior. In order to achieve a better delineation of such tumors, we performed an in-depth molecular characterization. Eighteen melanocytomas, 12 melanomas, and 14 melanotic and 14 conventional schwannomas (control group) were investigated for methylome patterns (450k array), gene mutations associated with melanotic tumors and copy number variants (CNVs). The methylome fingerprints assigned tumors to entity-specific groups. Methylation groups also showed a substantial overlap with histology-based diagnosis suggesting that they represent true biological entities. On the molecular level, melanotic schwannomas were characterized by a complex karyotype with recurrent monosomy of chromosome 22q and variable whole chromosomal gains and recurrent losses commonly involving chromosomes 1, 17p and 21. Melanocytomas carried GNAQ/11 mutations and presented with CNV involving chromosomes 3 and 6. Melanomas were frequently mutated in the TERT promoter, harbored additional oncogene mutations and showed recurrent chromosomal losses involving chromosomes 9, 10 and 6q, as well as gains of 22q. Together, melanotic nervous system tumors have several distinct mutational and chromosomal alterations and can reliably be distinguished by methylome profiling.