N.J.K. [Nyländska jaktklubben] 1861 - 1911 : Middag å Societetshuset den 14 juli 1911.

Ruokalista. Musiikkiohjelma.

Den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen

Skolbokssamlingen vid Tritonia består av ca 100 hm läroböcker som använts vid finlandssvenska skolor i Finland. Samlingen är indelad i den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen och den historiska skolbokssamlingen. Den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen består av läromedel främst för finlandssvensk grundläggande utbildning och gymnasium från 1960-talet till nutid. Samlingen är katalogiserad och tillgänglig för hemlån. Samlingen omfattar ca 4000 titlar och baseras på fortlöpande donation från Schildts & Söderströms förlag. Den består av teoriböcker, övningsböcker, lärarhandledningsböcker samt annat tillhörande material. Av varje titel finns 1-2 exemplar. Även Schildts förlags Ab:s läromedelsarkiv, böcker från Svenskfinlands läromedelscenter (av Skolstyrelsen godkända läromedel jämte utlåtanden), lättlästa läroböcker (LL) donerade av förlaget Lärum samt övrig anskaffning ingår. Katalogiseringen av samlingen har genomförts med projektmedel från Svenska kulturfonden. Den historiska skolbokssamlingen består av äldre läroböcker (från mitten av 1800-talet fram till år 1960) från bibliotek vid Finlands svenska folkskolor, Ekenäs seminarium och lärarseminariet i Nykarleby samt donationer av privatpersoner. Samlingen omfattar ca 50 hm och är ordnad enligt undervisningsämne med flest böcker inom modersmålet, matematik samt historia och samhällslära. Samlingen är till största del okatalogiserad.

Mot ett eget rum : den kvinnliga bildningsromanen i Finlands svenska litteratur

Avhandlingens syfte är att hävda den kvinnliga bildningsromanens existens och betydelse som genre. Romanurvalet består av sex romaner som avviker från de normativa romansluten för en kvinnlig huvudperson, äktenskap eller död, och är skrivna under tiden från 1860-talet fram till andra världskriget. Min strävan är att uppmärksamma romaner som i Finlands svenska litteratur ifrågasätter rådande representationer av kvinnlighet och erbjuder alternativa visioner, men som kan ha nedtystats eller tolkats med andra betoningar. I ljuset av Luce Irigarays feministiska filosofi analyserar jag Fredrika Runebergs Sigrid Liljeholm (1862), Alexandra Gripenbergs I tätnande led (1886), Anna Åkessons Gertrud Wiede (1909), Sigrid Backmans Vindspel (1913), Hagar Olssons Chitambo (1933) och Anna Bondestams Fröken Elna Johansson (1939) som kvinnliga bildningsromaner. Den kvinnliga bildningsromanens uppkomst sammanföll med samhälleliga krav på kvinnors medborgerliga rättigheter under den andra hälften av 1800-talet. Ändå utgör genren inget språkrör för kvinnors juridiska emancipation. Den utforskar den kvinnliga subjektspositionen och hur denna skiljer sig dels från konventionell kvinnlighet, dels från den till synes neutrala, universella/manliga subjektspositionen. Kulturellt sett är detta djärvt, eftersom genren således inte bara ifrågasätter samtidens traditionella representationer av kvinnlighet, utan även skapar kvinnlighet(er) bortom idealiserade normer. Kvinnlighet representeras som (1) förkroppsligad andlighet, (2) medvetenhet (3) konstruktiv vrede, (4) erotisk lust och (5) sammanhållning och vänskap mellan kvinnor. Kännetecknande för genren är att den kvinnliga bildningsresan byggs upp från ett utgångsläge av internaliserade patriarkala strukturer. Under handlingens gång utvecklar den kvinnliga huvudpersonen motstånd mot sina upplevelser av kvinnlighet som något värdelöst och av sig själv som psykologiskt hemlös i det omgivande samhället. Avslutningsvis uppfattas den omgivande världen inte längre som statisk, utan som föränderlig och därför meningsfull för en kvinna som samhällelig aktör. Den kvinnliga bildningsromanen utmynnar varken i huvudpersonens äktenskap eller död, utan i hennes tilltro till meningsfull förändring. Genren skapar således ett tredje möjligt romanslut för en kvinnlig huvudperson. ”Hem-ut-hem” formeln för den klassiska bildningsromanens handling ersätts i den kvinnliga bildningsromanen med ”hemlöshet-ut-hem-hemlöshet-ut-hem-och-så-vidare” – en öppen formel, där rätten till kvinnlig subjektstillblivelse och meningsfull förändring blir sitt eget mål.

Europeiska eftertankar : folken och ideologisk geografi i den napoleonska historieskrivningen på S:t Helena 1815–1821

Under sjöfärden till S:t Helena och livet i exil konstaterade Napoleon Bonaparte tillsammans med sina franska följeslagare att de hade ett förflutet utan like att ta ställning till och som omvärlden skulle komma att bedöma enligt eget gottfinnande om den inte upplystes om de verkliga förhållandena: “Nåväl! Vi skall skriva våra memoarer...” De hågkomster som förmedlades via dikteringar och dagliga samtal skulle med tiden komma att utgöra kärnan i den fallne kejsarens massiva propaganda för att ännu en gång försöka styra utvecklingen i en pronapoleonsk riktning. I fångenskapen skildrar och förklarar han sin förda politik. Han avslöjar också de vittomfattande planer han hade haft för Frankrike och Europa, planer som i och med nederlaget i Waterloo aldrig hade förverkligats. Vad Napoleons planer egentligen innefattade har Barbro Juselius-Rosse i föreliggande studie tagit upp till diskussion emedan rösten från S:t Helena har givit upphov till de mest skilda tolkningar. Samtidigt kan man i det napoleonska budskapet se en central men fram till dags dato i hög grad förbisedd länk i Europatankens historia.

Ondska - individuell och kulturell projektion : filmupplevelser analyserade enligt den analytiska psykologin

Nästan dagligen tar vi del av olika typer av medierade våldshandlingar och bl.a. sådana som benämns attentat av självmordsbombare. De våldshandlingarna får även religiösa och etniska förtecken. Men vad är det som sker inom människan när hon tar del av det medierade våldet och framförallt sådant våld som är definierat som terrorism? Med grund i människors egna upplevelser, känslor och tankar lyfter den här studien av filmreception fram komplexiteten i människors tolkning av en självbombare. Filmen i fråga är Möte med ondskan av Johan Lindfors Bergman och Reza Parza. Studien baserar sig på en undersökning av vad flera olika personer i åtta olika grupper har uppfattat och upplevt filmen. De personer som har deltagit i studien har skrivit om filmen utifrån frågorna: Vad såg du? Hur uppfattade du filmen? Vad kände du när du såg filmen? Med utgångspunkt i hermeneutisk metod och symbolteori lyfts stereotypiers roll i receptionen fram. För att ytterligare belysa djupare skikt av receptionen stöder sig studien även på rollteori som kombineras med den analytiska psykologin. Här stiger arketypernas roll fram på den inre scenen. Den analytiska psykologin har följaktligen på ett väsentligt sätt bidragit till en djupare förståelse av vad som sker inom människan i en situation där våld på ett eller annat sätt presenteras för henne.

"Var trogen i allt" : den goda kvinnan som konstruktion i svenska och finlandssvenska minnesböcker 1800-1980

I minnesböcker, eller poesialbum, har unga kvinnor och flickor i bland annat Finland och Sverige samlat inskrifter från vänner och bekanta som ett minne av upplevd vänskap. I avhandlingen undersöks minnesbokstraditionen under nästan två sekel, med början i 1800-talets svärmiska vänskapsförklaringar och slut i det sena 1900-talets nonsensdiktning. Minnesböckerna och deras innehåll kan vid en första anblick verka triviala, men en närmare genomgång visar att det under ytan finns en mängd starka budskap riktade till de unga användarna. Genom generationers versskrivande konstrueras ”den goda kvinnan". Hennes egenskaper prisas och flickläsarna uppmanas att leva upp till en idealkvinna vars beståndsdelar även återfinns i samtida uppfostringslitteratur och läsning riktad till kvinnor.

Den talande bokens poetik : en studie med fokus på olika unga vuxnas reception av tre fiktiva texter inlästa på band

The purpose of the research project The poetics of the talking book is to contribute to the knowledge about patterns of understanding in young adults’ reception of fiction, which they listened to through audio books. The problem explored was: How do different groups of listeners receive fictive text presented as a talking book with variations regarding use of voice, engagement and sound effects? The problem formulation rendered four specific research questions: 1. What patterns can be identified in the listeners’ answers regarding story structure and cognitive content in a comparative perspective comprising different reading styles in the taped versions of the text? 2. What patterns of understanding in interpretative reading can be identified in different listeners? 3. Which thoughts do the listeners have about what the talking book should sound like? 4. What affordances for young adults with the functional disability of mild mental retardation can be made visible through guided literature conversations? The theoretical frame of reference was formed by text–reader-oriented literary theory, psychological schema theory, and research regarding voice quality and communication. The project was carried out in two steps. The first phase was to produce the audio books with two variations of reading practice of three short stories with an existential theme in each text. The second step comprised interviewing of 32 young adults (a special group with a reading handicap in form of mild mental retardation, and a reference group with no handicap). The interviews formed as literary conversation were carried out three times during one year. The phenomenological-hermeneutic approach focused on the life worlds of the participants as meaning seeking beings. The analysis was carried out using method triangulation, mainly using phenomenological meaning concentration. The double hermeneutics in use when interpreting the interpretations of the participants revealed a capacity for aesthetic reading of fiction in the special group as well as in the reference group. The aesthetic qualities were found sufficient in all variations of reading by the professional readers of the audio book they listened to. The young adults also could describe how they wanted the audio book to sound: just as if you were reading yourself. A model describing the analytical steps and concepts in use was a result that can serve as an outline of a poetics for the talking book. Unexpected research results were how important the guided literary conversation turned out to be in order to realise the affordances given by the texts regarding exploration of existential themes in the young adults’ life worlds. Thus the result of the research project can be positioned as a piece of emancipatory research stressing the importance of including this group of young adults in the society’s conversation about culture and meaning.

Conditions for EFL learning and professional development : Finland-Swedish learner and teacher perspectives

Engelskans dominerande roll som internationellt språk och andra globaliseringstrender påverkar också Svenskfinland. Dessa trender påverkar i sin tur förutsättningarna för lärande och undervisning i engelska som främmande språk, det vill säga undervisningsmålen, de förväntade elev- och lärarroller, materialens ändamålsenlighet, lärares och elevers initiala erfarenheter av engelska och engelskspråkiga länder. Denna studie undersöker förutsättningarna för lärande och professionell utveckling i det svenskspråkiga nybörjarklassrummet i engelska som främmande språk. Utgångsläget för 351 nybörjare i engelska som främmande språk och 19 av deras lärare beskrivs och analyseras. Resultaten tyder på att engelska håller på att bli ett andraspråk snarare än ett traditionellt främmande språk för många unga elever. Dessa elever har också goda förutsättningar att lära sig engelska utanför skolan. Sådan var dock inte situationen för alla elever, vilket tyder på att det finns en anmärkningsvärd heterogenitet och även regional variation i det finlandssvenska klassrummet i engelska som främmande språk. Lärarresultaten tyder på att vissa lärare har klarat av att på ett konstruktivt sätt att tackla de förutsättningar de möter. Andra lärare uttrycker frustration över sin arbetssituation, läroplanen, undervisningsmaterialen och andra aktörer som kommer är av betydelse för skolmiljön. Studien påvisar att förutsättningarna för lärande och undervisning i engelska som främmande språk varierar i Svenskfinland. För att stöda elevers och lärares utveckling föreslås att dialogen mellan aktörer på olika nivå i samhället bör förbättras och systematiseras.

På spaning efter den goda läroboken : om pedagogiska texters lärande potential

By interpreting research results about textbooks this study tries to answer the question: how should texts be formulated to optimize the learning of the reading pupil? Seven perspectives structure the research: History. The amount of information available in a society influences the learning offered by textbooks. A compressed description indicates that memorizing activities have turned to tendencies for critical reading. Curriculum. The decentralization of curriculum development accentuates the importance of the textbook authors as interpreters of significant information. Because of the authority of textbooks, the way that information is presented can function as an unintended curriculum. Use. In the use of textbooks different functions can be identified. Thus the textbooks have, for instance, an authoritarian, a cohesive and a disciplinary function. Level of difficulty. A text that optimally matches the skills of the readers ina class should both provide facilitating scaffolds for the learning and at the same time challenge especially capable students by not being too obvious. Changing of preconceptions. The only possible starting point for teaching is the knowledge developed earlier by the student. In certain areas misconceptions are usual, which motivates the use of conceptual change texts that enhance the transformation of earlier obtained knowledge. Coherence. Well structured texts can usually be considered beneficial for learning. The same applies to the use of meta-discourse guiding the reader through the text. If the structuring is too obvious, the content may not, at least by capable students, be processed on a deep level. Content. The analysis underlines the need for deep approaches in textbooks. Though this is a relative statement, textbooks from a learning perspective seem to have been too superficial in their presentations. Ten principles were developed as a concluding interpretation of the good textbook. Though these principles capture important tendencies for developing a good textbook, textbook writing has to be considered as an art that cannot be captured in a short formula. The paradoxes identified indicate that the results should be seen as a starting point for further research.

Equivalence and translation strategies in multilingual thesaurus construction

In the present dissertation, multilingual thesauri were approached as cultural products and the focus was twofold: On the empirical level the focus was placed on the translatability of certain British-English social science indexing terms into the Finnish language and culture at a concept, a term and an indexing term level. On the theoretical level the focus was placed on the aim of translation and on the concept of equivalence. In accordance with modern communicative and dynamic translation theories the interest was on the human dimension. The study is qualitative. In this study, equivalence was understood in a similar way to how dynamic, functional equivalence is commonly understood in translation studies. Translating was seen as a decision-making process, where a translator often has different kinds of possibilities to choose in order to fulfil the function of the translation. Accordingly, and as a starting point for the construction of the empirical part, the function of the source text was considered to be the same or similar to the function of the target text, that is, a functional thesaurus both in source and target context. Further, the study approached the challenges of multilingual thesaurus construction from the perspectives of semantics and pragmatics. In semantic analysis the focus was on what the words conventionally mean and in pragmatics on the ‘invisible’ meaning - or how we recognise what is meant even when it is not actually said (or written). Languages and ideas expressed by languages are created mainly in accordance with expressional needs of the surrounding culture and thesauri were considered to reflect several subcultures and consequently the discourses which represent them. The research material consisted of different kinds of potential discourses: dictionaries, database records, and thesauri, Finnish versus British social science researches, Finnish versus British indexers, simulated indexing tasks with five articles and Finnish versus British thesaurus constructors. In practice, the professional background of the two last mentioned groups was rather similar. It became even more clear that all the material types had their own characteristics, although naturally not entirely separate from each other. It is further noteworthy that the different types and origins of research material were not used to represent true comparison pairs, and that the aim of triangulation of methods and material was to gain a holistic view. The general research questions were: 1. Can differences be found between Finnish and British discourses regarding family roles as thesaurus terms, and if so, what kinds of differences and which are the implications for multilingual thesaurus construction? 2. What is the pragmatic indexing term equivalence? The first question studied how the same topic (family roles) was represented in different contexts and by different users, and further focused on how the possible differences were handled in multilingual thesaurus construction. The second question was based on findings of the previous one, and answered to the final question as to what kinds of factors should be considered when defining translation equivalence in multilingual thesaurus construction. The study used multiple cases and several data collection and analysis methods aiming at theoretical replication and complementarity. The empirical material and analysis consisted of focused interviews (with Finnish and British social scientists, thesaurus constructors and indexers), simulated indexing tasks with Finnish and British indexers, semantic component analysis of dictionary definitions and translations, coword analysis and datasets retrieved in databases, and discourse analysis of thesauri. As a terminological starting point a topic and case family roles was selected. The results were clear: 1) It was possible to identify different discourses. There also existed subdiscourses. For example within the group of social scientists the orientation to qualitative versus quantitative research had an impact on the way they reacted to the studied words and discourses, and indexers placed more emphasis on the information seekers whereas thesaurus constructors approached the construction problems from a more material based solution. The differences between the different specialist groups i.e. the social scientists, the indexers and the thesaurus constructors were often greater than between the different geo-cultural groups i.e. Finnish versus British. The differences occurred as a result of different translation aims, diverging expectations for multilingual thesauri and variety of practices. For multilingual thesaurus construction this means severe challenges. The clearly ambiguous concept of multilingual thesaurus as well as different construction and translation strategies should be considered more precisely in order to shed light on focus and equivalence types, which are clearly not self-evident. The research also revealed the close connection between the aims of multilingual thesauri and the pragmatic indexing term equivalence. 2) The pragmatic indexing term equivalence is very much context-depended. Although thesaurus term equivalence is defined and standardised in the field of library and information science (LIS), it is not understood in one established way and the current LIS tools are inadequate to provide enough analytical tools for both constructing and studying different kinds of multilingual thesauri as well as their indexing term equivalence. The tools provided in translation science were more practical and theoretical, and especially the division of different meanings of a word provided a useful tool in analysing the pragmatic equivalence, which often differs from the ideal model represented in thesaurus construction literature. The study thus showed that the variety of different discourses should be acknowledged, there is a need for operationalisation of new types of multilingual thesauri, and the factors influencing pragmatic indexing term equivalence should be discussed more precisely than is traditionally done.

Rummet i vårdandets värld

This study is made in the context of basic research within the field ofcaring science. The aim is to make a theoretical and ontological investigation of what the space is in the world of caring. The basic proposition is that the space, as a fundamental dimension, has an impact on how the appreciation of one's mental health and suffering is shaped, and vice versa. The overall purpose is to develop a theoretical model of space from the caring science point of view andalso to offer an ideal concept of space to caring science. Guided by a theoretical horizon (Eriksson 1993, Eriksson 1995, Eriksson 2001) and methodological approach grounded in Gadamer's philosophic and existential hermeneutics a three-stage analysis and interpretation is conducted. The hermeneutic spiral of this investigation starts through a procedure in accordance with Eriksson's model (1997) of concept definition. The goal is to clarify the etymology of the concept as well as semantic differences between synonymous concepts, i.e. to identify the different extents of the concept of `space` (`rum`) in order to bring these closer for an exploration. The second phase is to analyse and interpret a sample of narratives in order to explicate the ontological nature and meaning of the space. The material used here is literary texts. The goal is to clarify the characteristics of the very inside of the space when it is shaped in relation to the human being in encountering suffering. In the third phase an interview study is taken place. The focus of the study is directed towards the phenomenon of space as it is known by a patient in a landscape of psychiatric care, i.e. what the space is in a contextual meaning. Then, a gradual hermeneutic understanding of the space is attempted by using theories from the field of caring science as well as additional theories from other disciplines. Metaphors are used as they are vivid and expressive tools for generating meaning. Different metaphoric space formations depict here a variety of purports that, although not quite the same, share extensive elements. Six metaphorically summarized entities of meaning emerged. The comprehensive form of space is pointed out as the Mobile-Immobile Room. Furthermore, the Standby, the Asylum, the Wall and the Place. In the further dialogue with the texts the understanding has deepened ontologically. The theoretical model ofthe space sums up the vertical, horizontal and the inward extent of deepness inthe movement of mental health. Three entities of ontological meaning have emerged as three significant rooms: the Common Land emerges as the ideal concept of mutual creation in the freedom of doing, being and becoming health. On the interpersonal level it means freedom, which includes sovereignty, choice and dignity of the human being. The Ice World signifies, ultimately, the space as a kind of frozenness of despair which "wallpapers" the person's entire being in the world in the drama of suffering. The Spiritual Home is shaped when the human being has acquired the very core of his/her inner and outer placeness as a kind of "at-homeness" and rootedness. Time is a central element and the inward extent of deepness of this trialectic space. Each of the metaphors is then the human being's unique, although even paradoxical, way of conceiving reality, and mastering spiritual suffering. They condense characteristic structures and patterns of dynamic scenery, which take place within the movement of health. The space encloses a contradictory spatiality constituted through the dynamic field of meaningfulness and meaninglessness. Anyway, it is not through a purging of these contradictions but through bringing them together in a drama of suffering that the space is shaped as ontologically good and meaningful in the world of caring.

Generic and professional caring in a Chinese setting: an ethnopraphic study

The objective of the present study is to describe the cultural care practices, meanings, values and beliefs which form the basis of caring in a Chinese context. The research has its starting point in a caring science perspective and a qualitative research approach with interpretative ethnography as methodological guideline. The theoretical perspective is formed by elements of the theory of caritative caring, developed by Eriksson, and the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality, developed by Leininger. Previous research of suffering, culture and caring is described and also a presentation of actual transcultural nursing research as well as a presentation of the social structure dimensions of Chinese culture is included in the theoretical background. The empirical part includes patients and relatives, nurses and Hu Gongs as informants. The data collected are analysed based on Geertz’s idea of forming “thick descriptions” through examining the “what, how and why” of people’s actions. The findings show that the family has a prominent position in Chinese caring practices. The patient plays an unobtrusive role and a mutual dependence between the patient and the family members is evident. The professional nursing care is an extended act which includes the family in the caring relationship. The care practices of the Chinese nurse are characterized by great professional nursing skills. Suffering is described by the informants as being caused by disease, pain and social circumstances. “Social suffering” is described as worse than physical or mental suffering. Culturally competent and congruent care is a prerequisite for avoiding cultural pain, imposition and blindness when caring for the suffering human being. The findings of the present study necessitate a broadening in caring theory to include the family in the caring relationship. A further conclusion is that a broadening in our perception and understanding of culture would promote the delivery of culturally competent and congruent care. Suffering need to be seen as enclosed in cultural patterns of how it is expressed, interpreted, understood and relieved. Care and caring need to be seen as embedded in culture and the care practices values and beliefs have to be congruent with the cultural patterns where the care is provided.

Det gyldne snitt : den estetiske dimensjon, en kilde til helse oget etisk anliggende

Within caring science, investigations and explorations have been carried out on the ontology of caring, and many aspects of the field have been the subject of scientific research. The main subject for this study is grounded on the human need for aesthetics. The purpose is to find how the aesthetic dimension is taken into consideration and how the aesthetic surroundings are evaluated and attended to, in the general hospitals in Norway. The theoretical perspective is founded basicly on the study of litterature from caring science and philosophy. The aim is to develop a disposition for a framework on the aesthetic surroundings in the hospitals, and to develop phenomenological and ontological knowledge and understanding of the aesthetic dimension. The study aspires to attain a deeper understanding of the aesthetic acknowledgment and of the aesthetic needs. The focus is how the aesthetic dimension can promote health and wellbeing, both for patients and for the caring staff, in the general hospitals and why the aesthetic dimension should be obligatory in `evident care¿. The study concentrates on 11 selected categories in the hospital environment, where aesthetics is of importance. The research is implemented on 5 part studies: 1. part is a study of caring science and philosophical theories about aesthetics, as a framework for the investigation. 2. part is a survey of the physical environment, in Norwegian somatic hospitals, with focus on aesthetics. This by analyzing the strategy plans for the hospitals. 3. and 4. part is questionnaires to patients and nurses to get their opinion and evaluation of the aesthetic environment in the hospitals they are connected to, and their opinion on how this influences the health and wellness for both patients and caring staff. 5. part is qualitative interviews with 16 experts, to get their opinion and evaluation of the aesthetic environment in hospitals they are or have been connected to. How would the experts like the aesthetic surroundings to be, and also their opinion on what influence they think aesthetics has on health and wellness. The main literature of caring science is rooted in K. Erikssons caring theory as well as philosophic literature; mainly I. Kant, Platon and Y. Hirn's theories on aesthetics. Various scientificresearchers of aesthetics have also been referred to. The methodological approach is a triangulation with a hermeneutic exploration, where H.G. Gadamer and Ricoeur provides the inspirational foundation. The findings and conclusions result in the development of new hypothesis for the caring science foundation and suggestions, a disposition for a framework related to future planning of the aesthetic environments in general hospitals. It might be said that a common thread arises/appears in the invariance's (invariables) that are discerned from the analysis and interpretation of the interviews and also important angles shows in the variances that crystallized. Based on the conclusions the study confirms that there is a clearconnection between health, wellness and aesthetics in the environment and that it is an ethical obligationfor those in the caring professions to be aware of and attend to the aesthetic dimension.